太原晋阳西山大佛岩石动静力学参数的对比研究
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摘要
运用声波测试方法,结合物理力学试验,研究太原晋阳西山大佛陡崖岩体2个水平钻孔中岩石的质量和风化情况。分析时特别关注岩样的块体密度、动力学和静力学参数在大佛水平进深方向上的分布规律,也研究动静力学参数间的量值关系。研究发现,大佛边坡岩样的组构、动力学和静力学3个方面的参数随钻孔水平进深的变化规律一致,可以反映大佛陡崖岩体在水平进深方向的风化程度变化,在水平进深方向上,岩体的密度、饱和抗压强度与静弹性模量、动弹性模量与波速都随着深度的增加而呈增长趋势;自陡崖表面至水平进深2.5 m左右范围内,岩体风化程度较高,水平进深大于3.0 m,岩体风化程度相对减弱,岩石质量呈稳定上升趋势。2个钻孔的岩石质量存在明显的差异,反映岩性和岩体卸荷带的影响。岩石动弹性模量与弹性波速随水平进深的变化数据表明,动弹性模量对岩体质量的变化反应比弹性波速更灵敏。另外,通过岩石静弹性模量与弹性波速的对比分析发现,岩石的组构情况对岩石动静力学参数间的关系有显著影响,岩石组构的非均匀性会导致岩石动、静力学参数之间对应关系的离散和异常。
Combined with mechanical experiment,ultrasonic wave testing is performed to investigate the quality and weathering status of rock specimens obtained in double borings situated in cliff of Grand Buddha of Jinyang in Taiyuan.In the study,the distribution laws of bulk density,dynamic parameters and static parameters of rock specimens in the direction of horizontal depth of the Buddha as well as numerical relationship between static and dynamic parameters are investigated.The results show that the distribution laws are identical,reflecting the diversification of weathering degrees of cliff rockmass in the direction of horizontal depth:in the direction of horizontal depth,the density of rockmass,saturated compression strength and static elastic module,dynamic elastic module and wave velocity present the current of increase with the depth increase.The weathering degree of rockmass ranging from the surface of cliff in depth of 2.5 m is highest,while the weathering degree of rockmass locating the position with depth larger that 3.0 m is weak.The rock specimens′ quality exists distinct difference,which reflects the influences of lithology and unloaded rockmass.The relationships of dynamic elastic module,sonic wave velocity and horizontal depth,indicate that dynamic elastic module is more sensitive than sonic wave velocity.On the other hand,with the comparison between static elastic module and sonic wave velocity,it shows that the composition of rock has a great influence on the relationship between static and dynamic parameters,i.e.the diferent rock composition will lead to the dispersion and abnormity of the distribution of static and dynamic parameters.
Combined with mechanical experiment,ultrasonic wave testing is performed to investigate the quality and weathering status of rock specimens obtained in double borings situated in cliff of Grand Buddha of Jinyang in Taiyuan.In the study,the distribution laws of bulk density,dynamic parameters and static parameters of rock specimens in the direction of horizontal depth of the Buddha as well as numerical relationship between static and dynamic parameters are investigated.The results show that the distribution laws are identical,reflecting the diversification of weathering degrees of cliff rockmass in the direction of horizontal depth:in the direction of horizontal depth,the density of rockmass,saturated compression strength and static elastic module,dynamic elastic module and wave velocity present the current of increase with the depth increase.The weathering degree of rockmass ranging from the surface of cliff in depth of 2.5 m is highest,while the weathering degree of rockmass locating the position with depth larger that 3.0 m is weak.The rock specimens′ quality exists distinct difference,which reflects the influences of lithology and unloaded rockmass.The relationships of dynamic elastic module,sonic wave velocity and horizontal depth,indicate that dynamic elastic module is more sensitive than sonic wave velocity.On the other hand,with the comparison between static elastic module and sonic wave velocity,it shows that the composition of rock has a great influence on the relationship between static and dynamic parameters,i.e.the diferent rock composition will lead to the dispersion and abnormity of the distribution of static and dynamic parameters.
引文
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[2]许波涛,王煌霞.动测法确定岩体动力参数的对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):284–288.(XU Botao,WANG Huangxia.Contrast testing study on dynamic rockmass parameters by different dynamic method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):284–288.(in Chinese))
[3]朱焕春.某高边坡岩体声波测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):378–381.(ZHU Huanchun.Sonic wave measuring and analysis of high rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):378–381.(in Chinese))
[4]李海波,吴绵拔.龙门石窟文物区岩体波动测试与分析[J].岩土力学,1995,16(3):43–48.(LI Haibo,WU Mianba.Sonic wave testing and research of rockmass in the area of Longmen Grotto[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1995,16(3):43–48.(in Chinese))
[5]李建林.三峡工程船闸高边坡岩体宏观力学参数研究[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆建筑大学,1996.(LI Jianlin.The research of the macro mechanical parameters of rock mass in the slope of vessel break of the project of the Three Gorges[M.S.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jianzhu University,1996.(in Chinese))
[6]赵明阶.裂隙岩体在受荷条件下的声学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):238.(ZHAO Mingjie.Research of acoustic characteristic of cranny rock mass in the condition of load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):238.(in Chinese))
[7]邓涛,韩文峰,保翰璋.饱水大理岩的波速变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):762–765.(DENG Tao,HAN Wenfeng,BAO Hanzhang.Research on wave diversification characteristic of marbles saturated in water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):762–765.(in Chinese))
[8]孙进忠.岩土体动力学若干问题的研究与应用[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2001.(SUN Jinzhong.Research on some application problems of dynamics of rock and soil mass[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2001.(in Chinese))
[9]冯德益.理论与应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.(FENG Deyi.The theory and appliance of seismic wave[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[10]FESSENDEN R.Patent application on sonic sounder[P].USA,1914.
[11]FESSENDEN R.Patent application on methods and apparatus for locating ore bodies[P].USA,Patent No.1,240,328,1917.
[12]周火明,盛谦,熊诗湖.复杂岩体力学参数取值研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增):2 045–2 048.(ZHOU Huoming,SHENG Qian,XIONG Shihu.Value-choosing research of parameter of complicated rock mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.):2 045–2 048.(in Chinese))
[13]孙进忠,蔡新滨,陈祥.岩土介质动静力学参数与介质物理组构参数之间的关系[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):101–106.(SUN Jinzhong,CAI Xinbin,CHEN Xiang.Relationship between static and dynamic parameters and physical constitutive parameters for rock and soil media[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):101–106.(in Chinese))
[14]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市工程地质图(1∶100 000)说明书[R].晋中:山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队,1986.(No.3 Brigade of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology under Geology and Mineral Bureau of Shanxi Province.Introduction of engineering geology map of Taiyuan,People′s Republic of China(scale:1∶100 000)[R].Jinzhong:No.3 Brigade of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology under Geology and Mineral Bureau of Shanxi Province,1986.(in Chinese))
[15]杜锦华.晋阳文史资料(第五辑)[R].太原:政协太原市晋源区文史资料委员会,2001.(DU Jinhua.Literature and historical document of Jinyang(Volume 5)[R].Taiyuan:Committee of Cultural and Historical Document of Jinyuan District in Taiyuan,2001.(in Chinese))
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