热红外遥感在地震监测预测中的应用
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摘要
卫星热红外遥感技术在地震监测预测中的应用已取得了一定实效,利用这一技术成功预报了一些地震,并对地震的前兆热信息进行了大量实验研究。热红外异常发生的机制主要为地球放气说和应力致热学说。通过分析和总结临震热异常特征,介绍了几种热异常提取方法和判定方法,表明随卫星遥感技术的进步和研究工作的深入,热红外遥感应能在地震监测预报中发挥重要作用。
Satellite thermal infrared remote sensing has been used in earthquake monitoring and prediction with some practical results; a number of earthquakes were successfully forecasted, such as Ms 6.0 earthquake on Mach 12, 1991 in Taiwan Nantou County, Ms 6.8 earthquake on April 20, 1992 in Taiwan Hualian, Ms 6.4 earthquake on May 13 1997 in Japanese Kagoshima, Ms 5.4 earthquake on May 17, 1997 in Xinjiang Jiashi. A great number of studies were carried out on earthquake's precursor thermal information, on the mechanism of thermal infrared anomaly, mainly, the hypothesis of the Earth discharging gasses and that of stress inducing heat, and on the pre-earthquake thermal anomaly characteristics. This paperalso reviews several thermal anomaly extraction methods, showing that with the progress of satellite remote sensing techniques, the thermal infrared remote sensing will play an important role in the seismic surveillance and forecasting.
Satellite thermal infrared remote sensing has been used in earthquake monitoring and prediction with some practical results; a number of earthquakes were successfully forecasted, such as Ms 6.0 earthquake on Mach 12, 1991 in Taiwan Nantou County, Ms 6.8 earthquake on April 20, 1992 in Taiwan Hualian, Ms 6.4 earthquake on May 13 1997 in Japanese Kagoshima, Ms 5.4 earthquake on May 17, 1997 in Xinjiang Jiashi. A great number of studies were carried out on earthquake's precursor thermal information, on the mechanism of thermal infrared anomaly, mainly, the hypothesis of the Earth discharging gasses and that of stress inducing heat, and on the pre-earthquake thermal anomaly characteristics. This paperalso reviews several thermal anomaly extraction methods, showing that with the progress of satellite remote sensing techniques, the thermal infrared remote sensing will play an important role in the seismic surveillance and forecasting.
引文
[1]刘庆声.卫星能预测地震[R/OL].2003-11-11,北京科普之窗,http://www.bast.net.cn/bjkpzc/kjqy/kjkx/11921.shtml.Liu Qingsheng.The sattellite can predict the earthquake[R/OL].2003-11-11,Beijing Science Windows,http://www.bast.net.cn/bjkpzc/kjqy/kjkx/11921.shtml.
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[18]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜,等.台湾南投7.6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.Xu Xiudeng,Xu Xiangmin,Wang Yu,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[19]邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):327-337.Deng Zhihui,Wang Yu,Chen Meihua,et al.Seismology and Geology,2003,25(2):327-337.
[20]刘放,程万正,但尚铭.卫星遥感热红外辐射信息与云南永胜6.0级地震[J].地震研究,2003,26(2):120-125.Liu Fang,Cheng Wanzheng,Dan Shangming.Journal of Seismological Research,2003,26(2):120-125.
[21]康春丽,陈正位,陈立泽,等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震的卫星热红外前兆特征分析[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):12-15.Kang Chunli,Chen Zhengwei,Chen Lize,et al.Northwestern Seism ological Journal,2003,25(1):12-15.
[22]陈顺云.提取现今构造活动信息的定量热红外遥感方法研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2006.Chen Shunyun.A study on the quantitative thermal infrared remote sensing method for extracting information of current tectonic activity[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Seismological Bureau,2006.
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[24]康春丽,刘德富.华南地区强震前的卫星遥感信息特征[J].华南地震,2004,24(2):1-5.Kang Chuenli,Liu Defu.South China Journal of Seismology,2004,24(2):1-5.
[25]侯建盛,康春丽,刘德富.印度大地震的可预警信息研究[J].地震学刊,2001,21(4):13-17.Hou Jiansheng,Kang Chunli,Liu Defu.Journal of Seismology,2001,21(4):13-17.
[26]丁风和,哈媛媛,于红梅,等.内蒙古东部地区2次Ms5.9级地震前长波辐射特征分析[J].高原地震,2006,18(1):1-6.Ding Fenghe,Ha Yuanyuan,Yu Hongmei,et al.Plateau earthquakes Research,2006,18(1):1-6.
[27]康春丽,王亚丽,刘德富.文安地震前华北区域长波辐射场的异常特征分析[J].地震,2007,27(3):83-88.Kang Chunli,Wang Yali,Liu Defu.Earthquake,2007,27(3):83-88.
[28]郭卫英,王琼,温和平,等.西藏日土-改则6.1级地震前的OLR值异常变化[J].内陆地震,2007,21(4):311-315.Guo Weiying,Wang Qiong,Wen Heping,et al.Inland Earthquake2007,21(4):311-315.
[29]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.从红外遥感图像提取地下热信息的透热指数法[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):520-523.Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Chen Shunyun.Seismology and Geology,200426(3):520-523.
[30]马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J]自然科学进展,2005,15(12):1467-1475.Ma Jin,Wang Yipeng,Chen Shunyun,et al.Progress in Natural Science,2005,15(12):1467-1475.
[31]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化——以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816-823.Ma Jin,Chen Shunyun,Liu Peixun,et al.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.
[32]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan Xinjian.Chinese Journal of Geophysics2006,49(2):490-495.
[33]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.地震活动热红外异常的影响因素分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):113-119.Qu Chunyan,Shan Xinjian,Ma Jin.Journal of Seismological Research2007,30(2):113-119.
[34]张元生,柳钦火,郭晓.卫星红外遥感在地震预报中的应用及研究进展[J].西北地震学报,2004,26(4):357-361.Zhang Yuansheng,Liu Qinhuo,Guo Xiao.Northwestern Seismological Journal,2004,26(4):357-361.
[35]王贵武,唐伶俐,姜小光.地震预报的新技术、新方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(2):93-97.Wang Guiwu,Tang Lingli,Jiang Xiaoguang.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2006,21(2):93-97.
[2]强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常——临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990,35(17):1324-1327.Qiang Zuji,Xu Xiudeng,Lin Changgong.Chinese Science Bulletin,1990,35(17):1324-1327.
[3]郑兰哲,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常影像在地震短临预报中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1996,21(9):665-668.Zheng Langzhe,Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1996,21(9):665-668.
[4]强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常——短临震兆[J].中国科学,D辑,1998,28(6):564-573.Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong,Li Lingzhi.Chinese Science,Series D,1998,28(6):564-573.
[5]李玲芝.卫星热红外异常与地震预报[J].航天技术与民品,1998(7):3-9.Li Lingzhi.Aerospace Technology and Products for Civilian Use,1998(7):3-9.
[6]强祖基,马蔼乃,陈芳允,等.地震短临预报的小卫星系统的建议[J].科学通报,1999,44(17):1889-1891.Qiang Zuji,Ma Ainai,Cheng Fangyun,et al.Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(17):1889-1891.
[7]孟丹,张志,郭静.卫星红外遥感图像震前增温信息研究——以江西11.26地震为例[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(34):11296-11297.Meng Dan,Zhang Zhi,Guo Jing.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(34):1296-11297.
[8]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83-88.Geng Naiguang,Yu Ping,Deng Mingde,et al.Earthquake,1998,18(1):83-88.
[9]刘善军,吴立新,李金平,等.台湾恒春地震前的卫星热红外异常特征及其机理[J].科技导报,2007,25(6):32-36.Liu Shanjun,Wu Lixin,Li Jinping,et al.Science and Technology Review,2007,25(6):32-36.
[10]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.地表岩石变形引起热红外异常的试验研究[C]//中国地球物理学会第二十届年会论文集.2004.Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Cheng Shunyun,et al.The surface rock deformation causes thermal infrared anomalies experimental study[C]//Chinese Geophysical Society20th Annual Conference Proceedings.2004.
[11]Ma W,Zhao H,Li H.Temperature changing process of the Hokkaido(Japan)earthquake on25September2003[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2008,8:985-989.
[12]刘德富,彭可银,刘维贺,等.地震有“热征兆”[J].地震学报,1999,21(6):652-656.Liu Defu,Peng Keyin,Liu Weihuo,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1999,21(6):652-656.
[13]刘放,程万正,张永久.卫星遥感热红外辐射与川滇强震探讨[J].地震,2001,21(2):65-69.Liu Fang,Cheng Wanzheng,Zhang Yongjiu.Earthquake,2001,21(2):65-69.
[14]钟美娇,张元生.2005年10月8日巴基斯坦7.8级地震热红外异常[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):137-140.Zhong Meijiao,Zhang Yuansheng.Northwest Seismic Journal,2007,29(2):137-140.
[15]郭晓,张元生,钟美娇.卫星热红外遥感资料在地震预报中的应用研究[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(3):223-227.Guo Xiao,Zhang Yuansheng,Zhong Meijiao.Northwest Seismic Journal,2005,27(3):223-227.
[16]郭卫英,单新建,屈春燕.塔里木盆地红外增温现象与地震关系的初探讨[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(5):736-741.Guo Weiying,Shan Xinjian,Qu Chuenyan.Arid Land Geography,2006,29(5):736-741.
[17]吕琪琦,丁鉴海,崔承禹,等.张北6.2级地震前的卫星热红外异常[J].地震,1998,18(3):240-244.Lu Qiqi,Ding Jianhai,Cui Chengyu,et al.Earthquake,1998,18(3):240-244.
[18]徐秀登,徐向民,王煜,等.台湾南投7.6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):666-669.Xu Xiudeng,Xu Xiangmin,Wang Yu,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):666-669.
[19]邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):327-337.Deng Zhihui,Wang Yu,Chen Meihua,et al.Seismology and Geology,2003,25(2):327-337.
[20]刘放,程万正,但尚铭.卫星遥感热红外辐射信息与云南永胜6.0级地震[J].地震研究,2003,26(2):120-125.Liu Fang,Cheng Wanzheng,Dan Shangming.Journal of Seismological Research,2003,26(2):120-125.
[21]康春丽,陈正位,陈立泽,等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震的卫星热红外前兆特征分析[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):12-15.Kang Chunli,Chen Zhengwei,Chen Lize,et al.Northwestern Seism ological Journal,2003,25(1):12-15.
[22]陈顺云.提取现今构造活动信息的定量热红外遥感方法研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2006.Chen Shunyun.A study on the quantitative thermal infrared remote sensing method for extracting information of current tectonic activity[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Seismological Bureau,2006.
[23]刘德富,康春丽.地球长波辐射(OLR)遥感与重大自然灾害预测[J].地学前缘,2003,10(2):427-436.Liu Defu,Kang Chunli.Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(2):427-436.
[24]康春丽,刘德富.华南地区强震前的卫星遥感信息特征[J].华南地震,2004,24(2):1-5.Kang Chuenli,Liu Defu.South China Journal of Seismology,2004,24(2):1-5.
[25]侯建盛,康春丽,刘德富.印度大地震的可预警信息研究[J].地震学刊,2001,21(4):13-17.Hou Jiansheng,Kang Chunli,Liu Defu.Journal of Seismology,2001,21(4):13-17.
[26]丁风和,哈媛媛,于红梅,等.内蒙古东部地区2次Ms5.9级地震前长波辐射特征分析[J].高原地震,2006,18(1):1-6.Ding Fenghe,Ha Yuanyuan,Yu Hongmei,et al.Plateau earthquakes Research,2006,18(1):1-6.
[27]康春丽,王亚丽,刘德富.文安地震前华北区域长波辐射场的异常特征分析[J].地震,2007,27(3):83-88.Kang Chunli,Wang Yali,Liu Defu.Earthquake,2007,27(3):83-88.
[28]郭卫英,王琼,温和平,等.西藏日土-改则6.1级地震前的OLR值异常变化[J].内陆地震,2007,21(4):311-315.Guo Weiying,Wang Qiong,Wen Heping,et al.Inland Earthquake2007,21(4):311-315.
[29]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.从红外遥感图像提取地下热信息的透热指数法[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):520-523.Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Chen Shunyun.Seismology and Geology,200426(3):520-523.
[30]马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J]自然科学进展,2005,15(12):1467-1475.Ma Jin,Wang Yipeng,Chen Shunyun,et al.Progress in Natural Science,2005,15(12):1467-1475.
[31]马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.用卫星热红外信息研究关联断层活动的时空变化——以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):816-823.Ma Jin,Chen Shunyun,Liu Peixun,et al.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(3):816-823.
[32]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan Xinjian.Chinese Journal of Geophysics2006,49(2):490-495.
[33]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.地震活动热红外异常的影响因素分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):113-119.Qu Chunyan,Shan Xinjian,Ma Jin.Journal of Seismological Research2007,30(2):113-119.
[34]张元生,柳钦火,郭晓.卫星红外遥感在地震预报中的应用及研究进展[J].西北地震学报,2004,26(4):357-361.Zhang Yuansheng,Liu Qinhuo,Guo Xiao.Northwestern Seismological Journal,2004,26(4):357-361.
[35]王贵武,唐伶俐,姜小光.地震预报的新技术、新方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(2):93-97.Wang Guiwu,Tang Lingli,Jiang Xiaoguang.Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2006,21(2):93-97.
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