地震影响下西南干旱山区泥石流危险性特征与防治对策
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摘要
"5.12"汶川大地震后,中国西南地区积累了大量的松散堆积物,在强降雨作用下,这些松散堆积物容易启动产生泥石流。2010年中国西南地区更是经历了罕见的旱灾,长历时的干旱易引发强烈的森林火灾,后期易形成更强的降雨,同时,在干旱作用下,松散堆积物中的黏土颗粒收缩,在降雨作用下会迅速吸水膨胀,阻塞土体空隙,使孔隙水压力迅速增大,土体抗剪强度随之降低,更易启动产生泥石流。此文在历史上泥石流危险性特征的基础上,结合地震活动规律与干旱区分布特征,进行泥石流危险区划分,并在此基础上提出防控建议。
After the Wenchuan Earthquake,a plenty of loose materials accumulated in the southwest of China,and it can be easily initiated to form debris flow under the action of precipitation.In 2010,a rare drought disaster struck the southwest,which can lead to forest fire,and strong rainfall after this period.At the same time,clay par-ticles in the loose materials shrink under the action of longtime drought.However,clay particles swell after absorb-ing the rain t,hen they block the void,resulting in the increase of pore water pressure and decline of shear strength,under this circumstancesi,t is much more easily for the initiation of debris flow.Based on the risk charac-teristic of debris flow in history,combining with the discipline of earthquake activity and arid area,t this region was divided into three danger zones,and prevention strategies were proposed.
After the Wenchuan Earthquake,a plenty of loose materials accumulated in the southwest of China,and it can be easily initiated to form debris flow under the action of precipitation.In 2010,a rare drought disaster struck the southwest,which can lead to forest fire,and strong rainfall after this period.At the same time,clay par-ticles in the loose materials shrink under the action of longtime drought.However,clay particles swell after absorb-ing the rain t,hen they block the void,resulting in the increase of pore water pressure and decline of shear strength,under this circumstancesi,t is much more easily for the initiation of debris flow.Based on the risk charac-teristic of debris flow in history,combining with the discipline of earthquake activity and arid area,t this region was divided into three danger zones,and prevention strategies were proposed.
引文
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[2]人民网.http://zb.people.com.cn/GB/14717/98407/120220/11178652.html
[3]刘希林,唐川.泥石流危险性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1-11.]
[4]Wei Fangqiang,Hu Kaiheng,Lopez J Le,t al.Method and itsapplication of the momentum model for debris flow risk zon-ing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(3):298-301.[韦方强,胡凯衡,Lopez J L,等.泥石流危险性动量分区方法与应用[J].科学通报,2003,48(3):298-301.]
[5]Di B F,Chen N S,Cui P,et al.GIS-based risk analysis ofdebris flow:an application in Sichuan,southwest China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2008,23:138-148.
[6]Ma Dongtao,Shi Yucheng.An approach on the effects ofearthquakes on formation of debris flows[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal1,996,18(4):38-42.[马东涛,石玉成.试论地震在泥石流形成中的作用[J].西北地震学报,1996,18(4):38-42.]
[7]Chen Ningsheng,Xie Wangying,Li Zhanlu.Division andprediction of debris flow in mountain area of Southwest Chi-na[J].Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(Supp):134-140.[陈宁生,谢万银,李战鲁.中国西南山区的泥石流分区与预测[J].高原气象,2004,23(增刊):134-140.]
[8]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.中国泥石流分布及其灾害危险区划图[M].成都:成都地图出版社,1991.
[9]Chen Ningsheng,Cui Peng,Gao Yanchaoe,t al.Clay content af-fects on the mechanism of gravelly soil failure and debris flowinitiation[C]//Memoir of the 25th Geotechnical Testing Scien-tific Seminar Nationwide,Hangzhou,China,Hangzhou:Zhengjiang University Press.2008:216-221.[陈宁生,崔鹏,高延超,等.粘土颗粒含量对泥石流启动的影响作用分析[C]//第二十五届全国土工测试学术研讨会论文集.杭州:浙江大学出版社.2008:216-221.]
[10]Cannon S H.Debris-flow reponse of southern California water-sheds burned by fire[C]//Wieczorek G F,Naeser N D.Debris-flow hazards mitigation:mechanics,predictiona,nd assessment.Proceedings of the second international conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation.Taipei:Balkema,Rotterdam.2002:45-52.
[11]U.S.Geological Survey.Natural fire disaster and debris flowin the south of California[J].Information of Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology Techniques,2007,1:39-41.[U.S.Ge-ological Survey.加利福尼亚南部自然火灾与泥石流[J].水文地质工程地质技术方法动态,2007,1:39-41.]
[12]Institute of Mountain Hazardous and Environment,ChineseAcademic of Science.Reconnaissance of debris flow inYangfanggou Gully[R].2007:17-18.[中科院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.杨房沟泥石流勘察报告[R].2007:17-18.]
[13]Li Shude,Yue Shengyang,Xu Haipeng.Forest vegetationand debr is flow activities[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation,2001,8(2):30-31.[李树德,岳升阳,徐海鹏.森林植被与泥石流活动[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(2):30-31.]
[14]中国气象局网站.http://www.cma.gov.cn/qxxw/xw/201002/t20100208_58950.html
[15]人民网.http://www.022net.com/2010/3-17/447072272447845.html
[16]Li Shude,Ren Xiusheng,Yue Shengyang,et al.Earthquakeand debris flow activities[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation2,001,8(2):26-27.[李树德,任秀生,岳升阳,等.地震与泥石流活动[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(2):26-27.]
[17]吴积善,康志成,田连权,等.云南蒋家沟泥石流观测与研究[M].北京:科学出版社1,990:62-70.
[18]杜榕桓,康志成,陈循谦,等.云南小江泥石流[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1987:103-113.
[19]Di Baofen,Chen Ninsheng,Xie Wangyin.Character analy-sis of debris flows in Luobajie Gully[J].Journal of MountainScience,2003,21(2):216-222.[第宝锋,陈宁生,谢万银,等.罗坝街沟泥石流特征分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2):216-222.]
[20]林宗元.简明岩土工程勘察设计手册[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2,003:538.
[21]卢廷浩,刘祖德.高等土力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社2,005:40-43.
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