单点高密度地震数据处理分析与初步评价
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摘要
文中结合数值模拟和实测数据,从分辨率、信噪比和数据处理的角度剖析了单点高密度地震数据与常规地震数据的区别,通过剖析数据处理流程各阶段的特点,对单点高密度地震数据的处理特点进行了总结,阐述了单点高密度地震数据的计算效率。认为对于单点高密度地震资料处理,需要根据小空间采样间隔、高保真、低/无假频、宽频带、低信噪比等特点选择合适的处理模块,并得出以下认识:①单点高密度采集有利于实现全波场的无假频采样,提高频带宽度,为实现无假频去噪和有效信号的高保真处理奠定基础,有利于提高复杂构造、大倾角构造和小尺度勘探目标的成像精度;②野外或室内组合法都可以有效压制面波和随机噪声,但室内组合优于野外组合,能保持更宽的频带,且使用灵活;③单点高密度数据使得现有处理软件去噪模块的去噪效果更好。
By comparing numerical simulation and field data, the difference between Single point high density seismic data and regular seismic data was analyzed in resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio and data processing, the characteristics in every step of data processing was also analyzed, the processing flowchart for single point high density seismic data was summarized, and calculation efficiency of single point high density seismic data was illuminated. The authors of this paper believe that the selection of the processing modules for the single point high density seismic data should be based on its characteristics, such as small spatial sample interval, high fidelity, low/no alias, wide frequency band and low Signal to Noise Ratio, the following understanding for the data were also obtained: (1). The single point high density acquisition is in favor of realization of full wave field non-alias sampling, broadens bandwidth, and lays foundation for realization of non-alias denoising and high fidelity processing for effective signal, it is also in favor of raising the imaging accuracy for complex structures, large inclination structures and small scale exploration targets, (2). Both field array and indoor array could suppress surface wave and random noise, but the indoor array is superior as it could keeps the bandwidth and it is more flexible, and (3). Better processing results achieved for single point high density data when currently available processing modules are utilized in the processing flowchart.
By comparing numerical simulation and field data, the difference between Single point high density seismic data and regular seismic data was analyzed in resolution, Signal to Noise Ratio and data processing, the characteristics in every step of data processing was also analyzed, the processing flowchart for single point high density seismic data was summarized, and calculation efficiency of single point high density seismic data was illuminated. The authors of this paper believe that the selection of the processing modules for the single point high density seismic data should be based on its characteristics, such as small spatial sample interval, high fidelity, low/no alias, wide frequency band and low Signal to Noise Ratio, the following understanding for the data were also obtained: (1). The single point high density acquisition is in favor of realization of full wave field non-alias sampling, broadens bandwidth, and lays foundation for realization of non-alias denoising and high fidelity processing for effective signal, it is also in favor of raising the imaging accuracy for complex structures, large inclination structures and small scale exploration targets, (2). Both field array and indoor array could suppress surface wave and random noise, but the indoor array is superior as it could keeps the bandwidth and it is more flexible, and (3). Better processing results achieved for single point high density data when currently available processing modules are utilized in the processing flowchart.
引文
[1]苗庆库,李玮,朱旭东.高密度地震法在工程勘察中的应用.物探装备,2002,12(2):132~133
[2]熊章强,张学强,李修忠等.高密度地震映像勘查方法及应用实例.地震学报,2004,26(3):313~317
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[4]温建绪.小面元三维地震勘探技术在西山屯兰矿南五采区的应用.中国煤田地质,2008,20(6):73~75
[5]宋长愿,段建华,费明泽等.小面元采集三维地震勘探技术应用初探.中国煤田地质,2007,19(增刊2):120~122
[6]张胤彬.三维地震小面元采集技术在晋城矿区的应用.中国煤田地质,2008,20(6):70~72
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[12]Ghassan Rached and Abdulaziz Al-Rares.Single-sen-sor3Dland seismic acquisitionin Kuwait.SEG Tech-nical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:61~64
[13]Jonathan Anderson,Andrew Smart and Ayman Shabrawi.Solving an i maging problemin Kuwait Oil Company's Minagish field using single-sensor acquisi-tion and processing.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2005,24:502~505
[14]Stephen Pickering.Q-Reservoir(Advanced seismic technology for reservoir)solutions.Oil&Gas North Africa Magazine,2003,26~30
[15]Pan,Jeff Gee-Shang,Moldoveanu,Nick.Single-sen-sor towed streamer i mproves seismic acquisition.Clearer signal enhances Gulf of Mexico AVO anom-alies(Seismic Technology),Offshore,2001
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[17]Guido Baeten,Vincent Belougne,Ti m Brice.Acquisi-tion and processing of single sensor seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20
[18]Andrew S Long.The revolutionin seismic resolution:High density3D spatial sampling developments and results.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2004,23
[19]Denis Mougenot,Nigel Thorburn.MEMS-based3D accelerometers for land seismic acquisition.The Leading Edge,2004,23(3):246~250
[20]Peng Xiao,Qin Xin and Yang Wanxiang.Application of high density acquisition in Jungar Basin,wesern China.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2006,25:90~94
[21]孙建国.勘探地球物理技术最新进展——2002年SEG年会综述I:采集与处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):66~78
[22]吴长祥,李忠平,丁士平.塔里木盆地卡3区块二维地震采集技术研究.石油物探,2005,44(2):179~182
[23]王喜双,谢文导,邓志文.高密度空间采样地震技术发展与展望.中国石油勘探,2007,12(1):49~54
[24]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235~243
[25]狄帮让,熊金良,岳英等.面元大小对地震成像分辨率的影响分析.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):363~368
[26]熊金良,岳英,杨勇等.面元大小与纵向分辨率关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):489~491
[27]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363~369
[28]董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术.石油仪器,2005,19(2):66~68
[29]Cai Xiling,Liu Xuewei and Deng Chunyan et al.Char-acteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):48~54
[30]倪良健.塔中沙漠区地震勘探采集方法研究[工程硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006,70~86
[31]赵会欣,晋志刚,张宇生等.高密度空间采样地震采集覆盖次数的选择.天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):68~69
[32]霍浩,张三元,闭金元等.高密度地震数据采集和处理技术在江陵凹陷的应用.江汉石油科技,2008,18(1):1~5
[33]夏颖,祝彩霞,孙灵群.地震勘探仪器在高密度采集中的应用.物探装备,2008,18(1):7~10
[34]夏洪瑞.道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):33~38
[35]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615~619
[36]Lu Jun,Wang Yun,and Yang Chun-Ying.Instanta-neous polarization filtering focused on suppression of surface waves.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(1)
[37]Zhang Jin Hai,Wang Wei Min,Fu Li Yun and Yao Zhen Xing.3D Fourier finite-difference migration by alternating-direction-i mplicit plus interpolation.Geo-physical Prospecting,2008,56(1):95~103
[38]侯嵩,王赟,尹军杰.道间距对地震偏移的影响.石油地质与工程,2009(待刊)
[2]熊章强,张学强,李修忠等.高密度地震映像勘查方法及应用实例.地震学报,2004,26(3):313~317
[3]石战结,田钢,薛建.单点地震技术在浅覆盖区区域地质调查中的应用研究.世界地质,2003,22(1):86~90
[4]温建绪.小面元三维地震勘探技术在西山屯兰矿南五采区的应用.中国煤田地质,2008,20(6):73~75
[5]宋长愿,段建华,费明泽等.小面元采集三维地震勘探技术应用初探.中国煤田地质,2007,19(增刊2):120~122
[6]张胤彬.三维地震小面元采集技术在晋城矿区的应用.中国煤田地质,2008,20(6):70~72
[7]赵鐠,武喜尊.高密度采集技术在西部煤炭资源勘探中的应用.中国煤田地质,2008,20(6):11~17
[8]Malcol m Boardman,Robin Walker.The road to high-density seismic.Oilfield,1995,52~60
[9]Ongkiehong L and Huizer W.Dynamic range of the seismic system.First Break,1987,5(12):435~439
[10]Ongkiehong L and Askin HJ.Towards the universal seismic acquisition technique.First Break,1988,6(1):40~45
[11]Ongkiehong L.Achanging philosophyin seismic data acquisition.First Break,1988,6(9):281~284
[12]Ghassan Rached and Abdulaziz Al-Rares.Single-sen-sor3Dland seismic acquisitionin Kuwait.SEG Tech-nical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:61~64
[13]Jonathan Anderson,Andrew Smart and Ayman Shabrawi.Solving an i maging problemin Kuwait Oil Company's Minagish field using single-sensor acquisi-tion and processing.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2005,24:502~505
[14]Stephen Pickering.Q-Reservoir(Advanced seismic technology for reservoir)solutions.Oil&Gas North Africa Magazine,2003,26~30
[15]Pan,Jeff Gee-Shang,Moldoveanu,Nick.Single-sen-sor towed streamer i mproves seismic acquisition.Clearer signal enhances Gulf of Mexico AVO anom-alies(Seismic Technology),Offshore,2001
[16]Abdulbaset T Refae,Sayed Khalil,Bob Vincent et al.Increasing bandwidth for reservoir characterization with single-sensor seismic data.Petroleum Africa,2008,41~44
[17]Guido Baeten,Vincent Belougne,Ti m Brice.Acquisi-tion and processing of single sensor seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20
[18]Andrew S Long.The revolutionin seismic resolution:High density3D spatial sampling developments and results.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2004,23
[19]Denis Mougenot,Nigel Thorburn.MEMS-based3D accelerometers for land seismic acquisition.The Leading Edge,2004,23(3):246~250
[20]Peng Xiao,Qin Xin and Yang Wanxiang.Application of high density acquisition in Jungar Basin,wesern China.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2006,25:90~94
[21]孙建国.勘探地球物理技术最新进展——2002年SEG年会综述I:采集与处理.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):66~78
[22]吴长祥,李忠平,丁士平.塔里木盆地卡3区块二维地震采集技术研究.石油物探,2005,44(2):179~182
[23]王喜双,谢文导,邓志文.高密度空间采样地震技术发展与展望.中国石油勘探,2007,12(1):49~54
[24]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235~243
[25]狄帮让,熊金良,岳英等.面元大小对地震成像分辨率的影响分析.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):363~368
[26]熊金良,岳英,杨勇等.面元大小与纵向分辨率关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):489~491
[27]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363~369
[28]董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术.石油仪器,2005,19(2):66~68
[29]Cai Xiling,Liu Xuewei and Deng Chunyan et al.Char-acteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):48~54
[30]倪良健.塔中沙漠区地震勘探采集方法研究[工程硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006,70~86
[31]赵会欣,晋志刚,张宇生等.高密度空间采样地震采集覆盖次数的选择.天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):68~69
[32]霍浩,张三元,闭金元等.高密度地震数据采集和处理技术在江陵凹陷的应用.江汉石油科技,2008,18(1):1~5
[33]夏颖,祝彩霞,孙灵群.地震勘探仪器在高密度采集中的应用.物探装备,2008,18(1):7~10
[34]夏洪瑞.道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):33~38
[35]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615~619
[36]Lu Jun,Wang Yun,and Yang Chun-Ying.Instanta-neous polarization filtering focused on suppression of surface waves.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(1)
[37]Zhang Jin Hai,Wang Wei Min,Fu Li Yun and Yao Zhen Xing.3D Fourier finite-difference migration by alternating-direction-i mplicit plus interpolation.Geo-physical Prospecting,2008,56(1):95~103
[38]侯嵩,王赟,尹军杰.道间距对地震偏移的影响.石油地质与工程,2009(待刊)
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