蚯蚓处理对猪粪重金属富集的影响
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摘要
以干湿分离后的猪粪为基质,接种赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida),在室内培养4周后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定猪粪和蚯蚓体内的重金属(Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Cd,As)的含量,系统研究了蚯蚓作用下猪粪中重金属形态变化及蚯蚓体内重金属的富集特征。结果表明:供试猪粪能促进蚯蚓的生长,4周后体质量明显增加,且对蚯蚓的繁殖没有影响。蚯蚓处理4周后,猪粪pH值由6.51增加至6.86。猪粪中Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Cd,As的总量与对照组相比,分别降低了13.69%,24.47%,30.70%,39.17%,21.91%,9.36%;同时,猪粪中Zn,Cr,Cd的残渣态比例相比对照组分别减少了15%,27%,27%。蚯蚓对重金属有一定富集作用,除Cr以外,Cu,Zn,Cd,As 4种重金属在蚯蚓体内的质量含量相比实验前分别增加了0.49,3.86,0.012,0.064 mg·kg~(-1),并表现出一定的时效关系,其富集系数大小顺序为Cr>Cd>Zn>Cu>As。研究表明,蚯蚓能富集猪粪中的重金属并且降低猪粪中的重金属含量,同时减少了猪粪中的部分重金属残渣态比例,有利于重金属的转移和去除。
Pig manure separated from the dry and the wet was used as substrate, inoculated with earthworms(Eisenia fetida) and cultured indoors for 4 weeks. The contents of heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, As) in the pig manure and earthworms were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The speciation changes in the pig manure and the enrichment of heavy metals in the earthworms were systematically analyzed under the action of the earthworms. The experimental results showed that the pig manure promoted the growth of earthworms, increased the body weight of the earthworms obviously after 4 weeks of treatment and had no effect on the reproduction of the earthworms. After 4 weeks of earthworm treatment, the pH value of the pig manure increased from 6.51 to 6.86. The total amount of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and As in the pig manure decreased by 13.69%, 24.47%, 30.70%, 39.17%, 21.91% and 9.36%, respectively, compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the proportion of Zn, Cr and Cd in the pig manure decreased by 15%, 27% and 27%, respectively compared with the control group. The earthworms had a certain effect on enrichment of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and As, except for Cr, in the earthworms increased by 0.49 mg·kg~(-1), 3.86 mg·kg~(-1), 0.012 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.064 mg·kg~(-1), respectively compared with those before the experiment, and showed a time-effect relationship. The biota-sediment accumulation factors increased in the order of Tr>Cd>Zn>Cu>As. This indicates the earthworms can enrich heavy metals and reduce the content of heavy metals in the pig manure and the proportion of heavy metals in the form of residue in the pig manure, which is conducive to the transfer and removal of heavy metals.
Pig manure separated from the dry and the wet was used as substrate, inoculated with earthworms(Eisenia fetida) and cultured indoors for 4 weeks. The contents of heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, As) in the pig manure and earthworms were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The speciation changes in the pig manure and the enrichment of heavy metals in the earthworms were systematically analyzed under the action of the earthworms. The experimental results showed that the pig manure promoted the growth of earthworms, increased the body weight of the earthworms obviously after 4 weeks of treatment and had no effect on the reproduction of the earthworms. After 4 weeks of earthworm treatment, the pH value of the pig manure increased from 6.51 to 6.86. The total amount of Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and As in the pig manure decreased by 13.69%, 24.47%, 30.70%, 39.17%, 21.91% and 9.36%, respectively, compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the proportion of Zn, Cr and Cd in the pig manure decreased by 15%, 27% and 27%, respectively compared with the control group. The earthworms had a certain effect on enrichment of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and As, except for Cr, in the earthworms increased by 0.49 mg·kg~(-1), 3.86 mg·kg~(-1), 0.012 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.064 mg·kg~(-1), respectively compared with those before the experiment, and showed a time-effect relationship. The biota-sediment accumulation factors increased in the order of Tr>Cd>Zn>Cu>As. This indicates the earthworms can enrich heavy metals and reduce the content of heavy metals in the pig manure and the proportion of heavy metals in the form of residue in the pig manure, which is conducive to the transfer and removal of heavy metals.
引文
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[2] 吴大伟,李亚学,吴萍,等.规模化猪场育肥猪饲料、猪肉及粪便中重金属含量调查[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(4):38-40.
[3] RADECKI S V,KU P K,BENNINK M R,et al.Effect of dietary copper on intestinal mucosa enzyme activity,morphology,and turnover rates in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(5):1424-1431.
[4] NICHOLSON F A,SMITH S R,ALLOWAY B J,et al.An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J].Water & Environment Journal,2006,311(1):205-219.
[5] 张辉,李文凤,赵盈盈,等.猪饲料中重金属对猪粪有机肥的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(11):2120-2122.
[6] 黄小洋,邵劲松,马运涛.施用猪粪有机肥对土壤环境质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(11):60-68.
[7] 吴国英,贾秀英,郭丹,等.蚯蚓对猪粪重金属Cu、Zn的吸收及影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(6):1293-1297.
[8] 伏小勇,秦赏,杨柳,等.蚯蚓对土壤中重金属的富集作用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):78-83.
[9] 孙越鸿,吴永胜,杨雪,等.蚯蚓对6种固体有机废弃物的处理效率研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(7):206-208,211.
[10] GAO L,WANG Z,LI S,et al.Bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals (Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,and Zn) in sediment cores from the Shima River,South China[J].Chemosphere,2018,192:31-42.
[11] 雷鸣,廖柏寒,秦普丰.土壤重金属化学形态的生物可利用性评价[J].生态环境,2007,16(5):1551-1556.
[12] 周吉奎,刘勇,刘牡丹,等.市政污泥中重金属赋存状态及生物有效性[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(3):99-102.
[13] 成佐,黄华.土壤中重金属形态的分析研究进展[J].广东化工,2017,44(8):147-148.
[14] 仓龙,李辉信,胡锋,等.赤子爱胜蚓处理畜禽粪的最适湿度和接种密度研究[J].农村生态环境,2002,18(3):38-42.
[15] 王富强,王海花,张禹,等.蚯蚓处理热带农业废弃物木薯渣的可行性[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):457-460.
[16] 王富强,王海花,张禹,等.蚯蚓-木薯渣联合作用对热带城市污泥中重金属含量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(5):437-441.
[17] 中华人民共和国农业部.NYT1377—2007 土壤pH的测定[S].北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2007.
[18] 张朝阳,彭平安,宋建中,等.改进BCR法分析国家土壤标准物质中重金属化学形态[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(11):1881-1884.
[19] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB 5009.11—2014 食品安全国家标准食品中总砷及无机砷的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[20] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督总局.GB 5009.12—2017 食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[21] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督总局.GB 5009.13—2017 食品安全国家标准食品中铜的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[22] LAFABRIE C,MAJOR K M,MAJOR C S,et al.Trace metal contamination of the aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata and associated sediment in a coastal Alabama creek (Gulf of Mexico-USA)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,68(1/2):147-151.
[23] 刘亚纳,杨世关,张百良.赤子爱胜蚓处理猪粪的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):816-819.
[24] 贺欣.污泥蚯蚓堆肥对重金属稳定及四环素的吸附影响研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2017.
[25] 周波,唐晶磊,代金君,等.蚯蚓作用下污泥重金属形态变化及其与化学生物学性质变化的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6269-6279.
[26] SIZMUR T,HODSON M E.Do earthworms impact metal mobility and availability in soil?– A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(7):1981-1989.
[27] 李文博.重金属元素在污泥-蚯蚓-蚯蚓粪中的迁移转化研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[28] 吴国英,贾秀英,朱维琴.蚯蚓富集猪粪中Cu、Zn的条件优化研究[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(8):36-40.
[29] 张泳桢.蚯蚓对猪粪中重金属的富集作用及对动物的促生长和安全性研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.
[30] 王振中,张友梅,胡觉莲,等.土壤重金属污染对蚯蚓(Opisthopora)影响的研究[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(2):236-243.
[31] 郭永灿,王振中,赖勤,等.株洲工业区土壤重金属污染与蚯蚓同工酶的研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(3) :317-322.
[32] 顾文智,刘文,杨泽新,等.蚯蚓粪肥覆土对畦栽竹荪生产性状的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(7):39-42.
[33] 冯腾腾,黄怀成,陈飞,等.不同蚯蚓粪施用量对连作黄瓜农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(8):1575-1580.
[34] 吴珏,李建勇,刘娜.蚯蚓粪有机肥对番茄产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2018,34(4):16-19.
[35] 单颖,赵凤亮,邹刚华,等.施用不同配比蚯蚓粪对海南耕地砖红壤肥力特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(S1):338-342.
[36] 吴春童,朱紫娟,刘纯,等.蚯蚓粪作为贫瘠土壤快速培肥改良剂的效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(13):191-195.
[37] 陈楠.不同施肥处理对土壤重金属的影响[J].农业与技术,2018,38(21):14-16.
[38] 贺旭红.生物修复和微生物矿化在重金属污染土壤处理中的研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2018(23):66-68.
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