甘肃金水湖国家湿地公园景观自然性的时空异质性
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摘要
景观自然性体现了各景观要素的时空分布格局,对提高生态系统的整体性和稳定性有重要意义。通过解译2003年、2009年和2015年3个时相的遥感影像,利用GIS和层次分析法,研究了甘肃金川金水湖国家湿地公园景观自然性变化规律。结果表明:随着时间的变化,景观结构中景观多样性指数、均匀度指数、斑块丰富度呈增加趋势,景观优势度、景观分离度呈减小趋势;提供栖息地、植物群落维持功能、面积加权平均斑块分维数、植被覆盖度等生态功能指标呈增大趋势;人工干扰指数、人工景观平均面积等生态学干扰指标呈减小趋势,湿地公园的景观自然性指数由2003年的0.4761增加至2015年的0.7485。湿地公园保育和恢复工程的实施改变了土地覆被结构,增强了生态系统的稳定性、生态弹性和服务价值,较大程度上提高了金水湖国家湿地公园的景观自然性。
Landscape naturalness reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of landscape elements,which is of great significance to improve ecosystem integrity and stability. Using GIS and AHP( Analytic Hierarchy Process),we analyzed the changes of landscape naturalness in Jinchuan Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park of Gansu Province by interpreting the remote sensing images in 2003,2009,and 2015. The results showed that landscape diversity index,evenness index and patch richness increased over time,while landscape dominance and landscape separation decreased. Most ecological function indices increased,including habitat provision,function maintenance of plant community,weighted average patch fractal dimension of area,and vegetation coverage increased. The ecological disturbance indices such as artificial disturbance index and average area of artificial landscape showed decreasing trends. The landscape naturalness index of wetland parks increased from 0.4761 in 2003 to 0.7485 in 2015. The implementation of wetland park conservation and restoration project changed land cover structure,enhanced the stability,ecological elasticity and service value of ecosystem,and greatly improved the landscape naturalness of Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park.
Landscape naturalness reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of landscape elements,which is of great significance to improve ecosystem integrity and stability. Using GIS and AHP( Analytic Hierarchy Process),we analyzed the changes of landscape naturalness in Jinchuan Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park of Gansu Province by interpreting the remote sensing images in 2003,2009,and 2015. The results showed that landscape diversity index,evenness index and patch richness increased over time,while landscape dominance and landscape separation decreased. Most ecological function indices increased,including habitat provision,function maintenance of plant community,weighted average patch fractal dimension of area,and vegetation coverage increased. The ecological disturbance indices such as artificial disturbance index and average area of artificial landscape showed decreasing trends. The landscape naturalness index of wetland parks increased from 0.4761 in 2003 to 0.7485 in 2015. The implementation of wetland park conservation and restoration project changed land cover structure,enhanced the stability,ecological elasticity and service value of ecosystem,and greatly improved the landscape naturalness of Jinshui Lake National Wetland Park.
引文
陈利顶,孙然好,刘海莲.2013.城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展.生态学报,33(4):1042-1050.
丁偌楠,王玉梅.2017.近40年烟台市海岸线及近岸土地利用变化与生态服务价值效应分析.水土保持研究,24(1):322-327.
董翠芳,梁国付,丁圣彦,等.2014.不同干扰背景下景观指数与物种多样性的多尺度效应---以巩义市为例.生态学报,34(12):3444-3451.
董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.2017.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系.生态学报,37(5):1472-1483.
冯威,赵成章,岳冉,等.2017.张掖国家湿地公园冬春季鸟类群落多样性和相似性分析.生态学杂志,36(8):2224-2231.
韩永伟,高馨婷,高吉喜,等.2010.重要生态功能区典型生态服务及其评估指标体系的构建.生态环境学报,19(12):2986-2992.
季小江,杜三宝,王冠东.2016.应用min-max标准化分析法测定区域经济增长差异---以陕西省榆林地区为例.经济与管理,30(3):54-56.
孔凡亭,郗敏,李悦,等.2013.基于RS和GIS技术的湿地景观格局变化研究进展.应用生态学报,24(4):941-946.
李玉凤,刘红玉,朱丽娟.2009.挠力河流域平原区湿地景观完整性评价.生态学报,29(9):4857-4864.
刘春艳,张科,刘吉平.2018.1976-2013年三江平原景观生态风险变化及驱动力.生态学报,38(11):3729-3740.
刘世梁,杨珏婕,安晨,等.2012.基于景观连接度的土地整理生态效应评价.生态学杂志,31(3):689-695.
孟楠,韩宝龙,王海洋,等.2018.澳门城市生态系统格局变化研究.生态学报,38(18):6442-6451.
宋博,丁圣彦,赵爽,等.2016.农业景观异质性对生物多样性及其生态系统服务的影响.中国生态农业学报,24(4):443-450.
苏才旦,周雷.2009.共和盆地温性草原物候期草地生产力与气候因素的灰色关联度分析.草业科学,26(5):38-43.
苏常红,傅伯杰.2012.景观格局与生态过程的关系及其对生态系统服务的影响.自然杂志,34(5):277-283.
孙永光,赵冬至,吴涛,等.2012.河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态及景观响应---以大洋河口为例.生态学报,32(12):3645-3655.
王军,傅伯杰,邱扬,等.2001.黄土丘陵区土地利用与土壤水分的时空关系.自然资源学报,16(6):521-524.
王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.2010.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,20(2):481-486.
王艳芳,沈永明.2012.盐城国家级自然保护区景观格局变化及其驱动力.生态学报,32(15):4844-4851.
吴健生,乔娜,彭建,等.2013.露天矿区景观生态风险空间分异.生态学报,33(12):3816-3824.
肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.2001.海南岛景观空间结构分析.生态学报,21(1):20-27.
杨欢,刘学录.2015.基于分形理论的云南红河县景观斑块尺度效应.生态学杂志,34(9):2636-2644.
杨丽萍,潘雪萍,刘晶,等.2019.基于Landsat影像的额济纳绿洲地表温度及冷岛效应时空格局研究.干旱区资源与环境,33(2):116-121.
杨兆平,高吉喜,周可新,等.2013.生态恢复评价的研究进展.生态学杂志,32(9):2494-2501.
余敢华,张亚杰,黄海静,等.2017.AHP中判断矩阵的一致性检验新方法.数学的实践与认识,47(22):191-200.
翟波,高永,党晓宏,等.2018.光伏电板对羊草群落特征及多样性的影响.生态学杂志,37(8):2237-2243.
占昕,潘文斌,郑鹏,等.2017.闽江河口湿地自然保护区及其周边区域景观自然性评价.生态学报,37(20):6895-6904.
张灿,徐涵秋,张好,等.2015.南方红壤典型水土流失区植被覆盖度变化及其生态效应评估---以福建省长汀县为例.自然资源学报,30(6):917-928.
张晨光,吴泽宁.2000.层次分析法(AHP)比例标度的分析与改进.郑州工业大学学报,21(2):86-87.
智颖飙,王玉文,王燕,等.2014.包头南海湿地水体环境季节性变化与生态功能货币化评价.干旱区资源与环境,28(2):124-128.
Aguarón J,Escobar MT,Moreno-Jiménez JM.2016.The precise consistency consensus matrix in a local AHP-group decision making context.Annals of Operations Research,245:245-259.
Bai JH,Qiong-Qiong LU,Wang JJ,et al.2013.Landscape pattern evolution processes of alpine wetlands and their driving factors in the Zoige Plateau of China.Mountain Science,10:54-67.
Chen W,Cutter SL,Emrich CT,et al.2013.Measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Disaster Risk Science,4:169-181.
Kray JA,Cooper DJ,Sanderson JS.2012.Groundwater use by native plants in response to changes in precipitation in an intermountain basin.Journal of Arid Environments,83:25-34.
Lupp G,Konold W,Bastian O.2013.Landscape management and landscape changes towards more naturalness and wilderness:Effects on scenic qualities-The case of the Müritz National Park in Germany.Nature Conservation,21:10-21.
Machado A.2004.An index of naturalness.Nature Conservation,12:95-110.
Ozdemir A.2009.Determination and evaluation of landscape potential:Case study of Ankara-Kalecik district and its environs,Turkey.Bartn Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,32:61-70.
Patru-Stupariu I,Stupariu MS,Stoicescu I,et al.2017.Integrating geo-biodiversity features in the analysis of landscape patterns.Ecological Indicators,80:363-375.
Saura S,Martínez-Millan J.2000.Landscape patterns simulation with a modified random clusters method.Landscape Ecology,15:661-678.
Shao QQ,Cao W,Fan JW,et al.2017.Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region,China.Geographical Sciences,27:183-204.
Svoray T,Mazor S,Bar P.2007.How is shrub cover related to soil moisture and patch geometry in the fragmented landscape of the Northern Negev desert?Landscape Ecology,22:105-116.
Tchebakova NM,Parfenova E,Soja AJ.2009.The effects of climate,permafrost and fire on vegetation change in Siberia in a changing climate.Environmental Research Letters,4:940-941.
Zhang Y,Fan Z.2008.Method for multiple attribute decision making based on incomplete linguistic judgment matrix.System Engineering and Electronic Technology,19:298-303.
丁偌楠,王玉梅.2017.近40年烟台市海岸线及近岸土地利用变化与生态服务价值效应分析.水土保持研究,24(1):322-327.
董翠芳,梁国付,丁圣彦,等.2014.不同干扰背景下景观指数与物种多样性的多尺度效应---以巩义市为例.生态学报,34(12):3444-3451.
董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.2017.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系.生态学报,37(5):1472-1483.
冯威,赵成章,岳冉,等.2017.张掖国家湿地公园冬春季鸟类群落多样性和相似性分析.生态学杂志,36(8):2224-2231.
韩永伟,高馨婷,高吉喜,等.2010.重要生态功能区典型生态服务及其评估指标体系的构建.生态环境学报,19(12):2986-2992.
季小江,杜三宝,王冠东.2016.应用min-max标准化分析法测定区域经济增长差异---以陕西省榆林地区为例.经济与管理,30(3):54-56.
孔凡亭,郗敏,李悦,等.2013.基于RS和GIS技术的湿地景观格局变化研究进展.应用生态学报,24(4):941-946.
李玉凤,刘红玉,朱丽娟.2009.挠力河流域平原区湿地景观完整性评价.生态学报,29(9):4857-4864.
刘春艳,张科,刘吉平.2018.1976-2013年三江平原景观生态风险变化及驱动力.生态学报,38(11):3729-3740.
刘世梁,杨珏婕,安晨,等.2012.基于景观连接度的土地整理生态效应评价.生态学杂志,31(3):689-695.
孟楠,韩宝龙,王海洋,等.2018.澳门城市生态系统格局变化研究.生态学报,38(18):6442-6451.
宋博,丁圣彦,赵爽,等.2016.农业景观异质性对生物多样性及其生态系统服务的影响.中国生态农业学报,24(4):443-450.
苏才旦,周雷.2009.共和盆地温性草原物候期草地生产力与气候因素的灰色关联度分析.草业科学,26(5):38-43.
苏常红,傅伯杰.2012.景观格局与生态过程的关系及其对生态系统服务的影响.自然杂志,34(5):277-283.
孙永光,赵冬至,吴涛,等.2012.河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态及景观响应---以大洋河口为例.生态学报,32(12):3645-3655.
王军,傅伯杰,邱扬,等.2001.黄土丘陵区土地利用与土壤水分的时空关系.自然资源学报,16(6):521-524.
王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.2010.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价.生态学报,20(2):481-486.
王艳芳,沈永明.2012.盐城国家级自然保护区景观格局变化及其驱动力.生态学报,32(15):4844-4851.
吴健生,乔娜,彭建,等.2013.露天矿区景观生态风险空间分异.生态学报,33(12):3816-3824.
肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.2001.海南岛景观空间结构分析.生态学报,21(1):20-27.
杨欢,刘学录.2015.基于分形理论的云南红河县景观斑块尺度效应.生态学杂志,34(9):2636-2644.
杨丽萍,潘雪萍,刘晶,等.2019.基于Landsat影像的额济纳绿洲地表温度及冷岛效应时空格局研究.干旱区资源与环境,33(2):116-121.
杨兆平,高吉喜,周可新,等.2013.生态恢复评价的研究进展.生态学杂志,32(9):2494-2501.
余敢华,张亚杰,黄海静,等.2017.AHP中判断矩阵的一致性检验新方法.数学的实践与认识,47(22):191-200.
翟波,高永,党晓宏,等.2018.光伏电板对羊草群落特征及多样性的影响.生态学杂志,37(8):2237-2243.
占昕,潘文斌,郑鹏,等.2017.闽江河口湿地自然保护区及其周边区域景观自然性评价.生态学报,37(20):6895-6904.
张灿,徐涵秋,张好,等.2015.南方红壤典型水土流失区植被覆盖度变化及其生态效应评估---以福建省长汀县为例.自然资源学报,30(6):917-928.
张晨光,吴泽宁.2000.层次分析法(AHP)比例标度的分析与改进.郑州工业大学学报,21(2):86-87.
智颖飙,王玉文,王燕,等.2014.包头南海湿地水体环境季节性变化与生态功能货币化评价.干旱区资源与环境,28(2):124-128.
Aguarón J,Escobar MT,Moreno-Jiménez JM.2016.The precise consistency consensus matrix in a local AHP-group decision making context.Annals of Operations Research,245:245-259.
Bai JH,Qiong-Qiong LU,Wang JJ,et al.2013.Landscape pattern evolution processes of alpine wetlands and their driving factors in the Zoige Plateau of China.Mountain Science,10:54-67.
Chen W,Cutter SL,Emrich CT,et al.2013.Measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Disaster Risk Science,4:169-181.
Kray JA,Cooper DJ,Sanderson JS.2012.Groundwater use by native plants in response to changes in precipitation in an intermountain basin.Journal of Arid Environments,83:25-34.
Lupp G,Konold W,Bastian O.2013.Landscape management and landscape changes towards more naturalness and wilderness:Effects on scenic qualities-The case of the Müritz National Park in Germany.Nature Conservation,21:10-21.
Machado A.2004.An index of naturalness.Nature Conservation,12:95-110.
Ozdemir A.2009.Determination and evaluation of landscape potential:Case study of Ankara-Kalecik district and its environs,Turkey.Bartn Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,32:61-70.
Patru-Stupariu I,Stupariu MS,Stoicescu I,et al.2017.Integrating geo-biodiversity features in the analysis of landscape patterns.Ecological Indicators,80:363-375.
Saura S,Martínez-Millan J.2000.Landscape patterns simulation with a modified random clusters method.Landscape Ecology,15:661-678.
Shao QQ,Cao W,Fan JW,et al.2017.Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region,China.Geographical Sciences,27:183-204.
Svoray T,Mazor S,Bar P.2007.How is shrub cover related to soil moisture and patch geometry in the fragmented landscape of the Northern Negev desert?Landscape Ecology,22:105-116.
Tchebakova NM,Parfenova E,Soja AJ.2009.The effects of climate,permafrost and fire on vegetation change in Siberia in a changing climate.Environmental Research Letters,4:940-941.
Zhang Y,Fan Z.2008.Method for multiple attribute decision making based on incomplete linguistic judgment matrix.System Engineering and Electronic Technology,19:298-303.
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