阳澄湖围网养殖生态坝的优化设计与评价
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摘要
针对阳澄湖围网养殖的污染控制和生态修复,以单个养殖户为对象进行生态坝的应用设计,并进行技术经济评价,为其推广应用奠定基础。该设计基于前期中试试验研究,首先对生态坝的单体结构进行优化设计,在此基础上,根据总氮污染负荷计算所需生态坝的面积,并考虑现场布设方案,最后基于该设计方案进行技术经济评价。生态坝单体优化设计主要包括包埋菌和弹性填料相结合,增强其水质净化能力,同时为大闸蟹设计蜕壳层结构,以提升其存活率(10%);针对单户养殖(6 667 m~2)的总氮污染负荷设计计算所得生态坝面积为1 344 m~2,占养殖区域的20%;其一次性建设费用约20万元,按8年折旧计算,运行费用约3万元,年增收约5万元。如果扩大应用规模,可进一步降低成本。
Aiming at the pollution control and ecological restoration of net enchosure aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake,application design of the ecological dam for individual farmers is conducted,and technical and economic evaluation is carried out to lay the foundation for its promotion and application.The design is based on the preliminary pilot test study.Firstly,the individual structure of the ecological dam is optimized.On this basis,the required area of the ecological dam is calculated according to TN pollution load,and the site layout plan is considered.Finally,the technical and economic evaluation is conducted based on this design.The optimization design of the ecological dam mainly includes:the combination of the embedded bacteria and the elastic filler,enhancing its water purification ability,and designing the clam shell structure for the crab to improve its survival rate(10%); according to TN pollution load,the area of the ecological dam designed for single-family farming(6 667 m~2) is 1 344 m~2,accounting for 20% of the culture area; the one-time construction cost is about 200 000 yuan,and based on 8 year depreciation,the operating cost is about 30 000 yuan and the annual income is about 50 000 yuan.If the scale of application is expanded,the costs can be further reduced.
Aiming at the pollution control and ecological restoration of net enchosure aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake,application design of the ecological dam for individual farmers is conducted,and technical and economic evaluation is carried out to lay the foundation for its promotion and application.The design is based on the preliminary pilot test study.Firstly,the individual structure of the ecological dam is optimized.On this basis,the required area of the ecological dam is calculated according to TN pollution load,and the site layout plan is considered.Finally,the technical and economic evaluation is conducted based on this design.The optimization design of the ecological dam mainly includes:the combination of the embedded bacteria and the elastic filler,enhancing its water purification ability,and designing the clam shell structure for the crab to improve its survival rate(10%); according to TN pollution load,the area of the ecological dam designed for single-family farming(6 667 m~2) is 1 344 m~2,accounting for 20% of the culture area; the one-time construction cost is about 200 000 yuan,and based on 8 year depreciation,the operating cost is about 30 000 yuan and the annual income is about 50 000 yuan.If the scale of application is expanded,the costs can be further reduced.
引文
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[27]曹勇,孙从军.生态浮床的结构设计[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(2):121-124.
[28]高帆.中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖[J].水产养殖,2017(8):49-50.
[29]BANAT F,JWAID N.Economic evaluation of desalination by small-scale autonomous solar-powered members distillation units[J].Desalination,2008,220(1/3):566-573.
[2] AZEVEDO P A,PODEMSKI C L,HESSLEIN R,et al.Estimation of waste outputs of by a rainbow trout cage farm using a nutritional approach and monitoring of water quality[J].Aquaculture,2011,311:175-186.
[3] WANG Q,CHENG L,LIU J,et al.Fresh water aquaculture in PR China:trends and prospects[J].Reviews in Aquaculture,2016,7(4):283-302.
[4] SINHA E,MICHALAK A M,BALAJI V.Eutrophication will increase during the 21th century as a result of precipitation changes[J].Science,2017,357(6349):405-408.
[5] JIA P,ZHANG W,LIU Q.Lake fisheries in China:Challenges and opportunities[J].Fisheries Research,2013,140(1):66-72.
[6] YANG S,LIU P.Strategy of water pollution prevention in Taihu Lake and its effects analysis[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2010,36:150-158.
[7] 吕哲,倪志凡,肖德茂,等.生态坝对阳澄湖养殖水体的原位修复研究[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(1):22-26.
[8] 倪志凡,黎岭芳,陆嘉麒,等.生态坝微生物与水生植物的水质净化机制研究[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(5):32-37.
[9] 穆玉林,石鸿韬,赵博文,等.阳澄湖围网养殖氮磷污染负荷分析[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(21):86-91.
[10]NI Z,WU X,LI L,et al.Pollution control and in situ bioremediation for lake aquaculture using an ecological dam[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,172:2256-2265.
[11]JI S,GU S,WANG X,et al.Comparison of olfactometrically detected compounds and aroma properties of four different edible parts of Chinese mitten crab[J].Fisheries Science,2015,81:1157-1167.
[12]王应超,韦娟.水草对河蟹生长和水质变化的影响[J].科学养鱼,2013,3:32-33.
[13]李定国,王煜恒,王会聪,等.水草密度对河蟹池塘水质和养殖效益的影响[J].水产养殖,2015,12:11-15.
[14]李青,成小英.不同填料生物反应器中脱氮微生物群落比较分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(6):2360-2365.
[15]许晓毅,尤晓露,吕晨培,等.包埋固定化活性污泥脱氮特性与微生物群落分析[J].环境科学,2017,35(5):2052-2058.
[16]辛在军,魏国汶,姚忠,等.国内生态浮床原位修复复合强化技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2019(3):155-161.
[17]KALANTZI I,ZERI C,CATSIKI V,et al.Assessment of the use of copper alloy aquaculture nets:potential impacts on the marine environment and on the farmed fish[J].Aquaculture,2016,465:209-222.
[18]杨宏,苏姗.硝化生物活性填料对市政污水的直接硝化[J].环境工程学报,2019,13(4):765-772.
[19]张博宇,罗鹏翾,庞浩然,等.养耕共生系统中含氮污染物的去除特性[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(5):1501-1509.
[20]王郑,崔康平,许为义,等.组合型生态浮床处理农家乐污水[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(1):455-460.
[21]陈亚男.几种填料生物膜特性与挂膜参数优化研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2012.
[22]唐志敏.水体富营养化及常用除磷方法研究进展[J].江西化工,2018,139(5):42-44.
[23]LIJIA N,BANDOSZ T.Analysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim adsorption on sewage sludge and fish waste derived adsorbents[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2016,220:58-72.
[24]CHUNJIE L,HONGXIA Y,SALMA T,et al.Effect of calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) on phosphorus immobilization and speciation in shallow lake sediment[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering,2017,317:844-853.
[25]高阳俊.南湾湖生态浮床工程设计方案探讨[A]//中国科学技术协会、湖北省人民政府.健康湖泊与美丽中国—第三届中国湖泊论坛暨第七届湖北科技论坛论文集[C].武汉:湖北省科学技术协会,2013:7.
[26]郭彪,张伟.生态浮床在淀山湖富营养化水体修复中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2010(23):16-17.
[27]曹勇,孙从军.生态浮床的结构设计[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(2):121-124.
[28]高帆.中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖[J].水产养殖,2017(8):49-50.
[29]BANAT F,JWAID N.Economic evaluation of desalination by small-scale autonomous solar-powered members distillation units[J].Desalination,2008,220(1/3):566-573.
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