西南喀斯特地区坡地产流过程及其利用技术
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摘要
西南喀斯特地区受表层裂隙发育及石漠化作用的影响,坡地产流过程及各径流成分之间的循环转化机制复杂,导致坡地产流效率的空间异质性强烈,成为岩溶水文学的难点之一.以往学者们多采用非岩溶区水文模型与技术研究坡地产流影响因素,以揭示坡地产流的概化过程,并应用多种坡地径流水资源高效利用技术与模式开发坡地水资源,以提升坡地径流的利用效率,但在产流过程研究中忽视了土石界面对蓄满产流与超渗产流过程的影响以及坡面流与壤中流、裂隙流的相互转化作用,导致坡地产流过程、机制分析不够全面.因此,在总结喀斯特坡地径流产流影响因素的基础上,提出喀斯特坡地径流产流过程框架;然后结合坡地径流模拟方法与开发利用技术模式,评估现有坡地水资源高效利用技术的推广价值及存在的局限性;最后,从坡地产流过程及其时空差异方面模拟了坡地产流过程,并展望了坡地水资源高效利用技术未来发展的趋势.
Influenced by the development of surface fractures and the characteristics of rocky desertification, the cycle transformation mechanism between slope runoff and runoff components is complex in the karst area in Southwest China, which leads to the strong spatial heterogeneity of slope runoff efficiency and becomes one of the difficulties in karst hydrology. Previous studies on many karst regions are usually based on hydrological models and technologies for non-karst areas, which focus on slope runoff yield affecting factors, the generalized process of slope runoff, the efficient utilization of water resources, slope runoff models and slope surface water resources development. However, their analyses are not comprehensive even though they can enhance the use efficiency of slope runoff, since the earth-rock interface and the interaction of underground runoff and soil have been neglected in the study of runoff process of filling up runoff and the permeability and the influence of slope runoff process.Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the influencing factors of runoff and runoff on karst slope, this paper firstly puts forward the process framework of runoff and runoff on karst slope. Then combined with slope surface flow analysis method and the development and utilization of technology model, existing slope technology of efficient utilization of water resources value and the existing limitations are evaluated. Finally the process of slope runoff is simulated from time and space differences of slope runoff process and the future development trend of the slope surface water resources utilization technology is prospected.
Influenced by the development of surface fractures and the characteristics of rocky desertification, the cycle transformation mechanism between slope runoff and runoff components is complex in the karst area in Southwest China, which leads to the strong spatial heterogeneity of slope runoff efficiency and becomes one of the difficulties in karst hydrology. Previous studies on many karst regions are usually based on hydrological models and technologies for non-karst areas, which focus on slope runoff yield affecting factors, the generalized process of slope runoff, the efficient utilization of water resources, slope runoff models and slope surface water resources development. However, their analyses are not comprehensive even though they can enhance the use efficiency of slope runoff, since the earth-rock interface and the interaction of underground runoff and soil have been neglected in the study of runoff process of filling up runoff and the permeability and the influence of slope runoff process.Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the influencing factors of runoff and runoff on karst slope, this paper firstly puts forward the process framework of runoff and runoff on karst slope. Then combined with slope surface flow analysis method and the development and utilization of technology model, existing slope technology of efficient utilization of water resources value and the existing limitations are evaluated. Finally the process of slope runoff is simulated from time and space differences of slope runoff process and the future development trend of the slope surface water resources utilization technology is prospected.
引文
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