溶解有机质的光化学行为及其环境效应
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摘要
溶解有机质(DOM)是环境水体中广泛存在的一类重要光化学活性物质,也是生态系统能量和物质循环的重要纽带。DOM通常具有多种发色团,能吸收辐射至地表的太阳光发生光漂白和光矿化,生成如三线态DOM(~3DOM~*)、H_2O_2、单线态氧(~1O_2)和羟基自由基(HO~·)等多种活性物质,进而对污染物环境转化过程、微生物生理活动和水环境质量等产生重要影响。DOM的来源、组成、结构和性质极为复杂,这决定了其环境光化学行为及效应的多样性和复杂性,对此的认识至今仍缺乏系统性,并处于不断发展之中。鉴于此,笔者综述了近年来国内外关于DOM光化学行为及其重要环境效应的研究,并提出拓宽DOM研究对象、建立DOM结构-光化学活性关系模型、考察环境因子影响DOM光化学效应及其机制等建议。
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a photochemically active material widely found in the water environments and regulates energy and material flows in ecosystems. Containing a variety of chromophores,DOM irradiated with sunlight can be photobleached and photomineralized and generate various reactive species,such as ~3DOM~*,H_2O_2,~1O_2,and HO~·. These photochemical transformation processes tend to alter the microbial activity,pollutants transformation,and water quality. The source,composition,structure and properties of DOM are extremely complex,which leads to complicated photochemical behaviors and effects of DOM. To date,the relevant understanding is still lacking but constantly evolving. Here,the research advances on the photochemical behaviors of DOM and its important environmental effects were reviewed. To broaden the research object of DOM,to establish the DOM structure-photochemical reactivity relationship models,and to elucidate the influence of environmental factors on DOM photochemical effects and its mechanism were also proposed.
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a photochemically active material widely found in the water environments and regulates energy and material flows in ecosystems. Containing a variety of chromophores,DOM irradiated with sunlight can be photobleached and photomineralized and generate various reactive species,such as ~3DOM~*,H_2O_2,~1O_2,and HO~·. These photochemical transformation processes tend to alter the microbial activity,pollutants transformation,and water quality. The source,composition,structure and properties of DOM are extremely complex,which leads to complicated photochemical behaviors and effects of DOM. To date,the relevant understanding is still lacking but constantly evolving. Here,the research advances on the photochemical behaviors of DOM and its important environmental effects were reviewed. To broaden the research object of DOM,to establish the DOM structure-photochemical reactivity relationship models,and to elucidate the influence of environmental factors on DOM photochemical effects and its mechanism were also proposed.
引文
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[5]LUO H W,YIN X P,JUBB A M,et al.Photochemical Reactions Between Mercury(Hg)and Dissolved Organic Matter Decrease Hg Bioavailability and Methylation[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,220(Part B):1359-1365.
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[8]MCNEILL K,CANONICA S.Triplet State Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Photochemistry:Reaction Mechanisms,Substrate Scope,and Photophysical Properties[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2016,18(11):1381-1399.
[9]JANSSEN E M,ERICKSON P R,MCNEILL K.Dual Roles of Dissolved Organic Matter as Sensitizer and Quencher in the Photooxidation of Tryptophan[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(9):4916-4924.
[10]REN D,HUANG B,YANG B Q,et al.Photobleaching Alters the Photochemical and Biological Reactivity of Humic Acid Towards17α?Ethynylestradiol[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,220(Part B):1386-1393.
[11]CHU C H,ERICKSON P R,LUNDEEN R A,et al.Photochemical and Nonphotochemical Transformations of Cysteine With Dissolved Organic Matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(12):6363-6373.
[12]吴丰昌,王立英,黎文,等.天然有机质及其在地表环境中的重要性[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):1-12.[WU Feng?chang,WANG Li?ying,LI Wen,et al.Natural Organic Matter and Its Significance in Terrestrial Surface Environment[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):1-12.]
[13]HESSEN D O,TRANVIK L.Aquatic Humic Substances:Ecology and Biogeochemistry[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer?Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2010:25-30.
[14]吕丽莎,赵卫红,苗辉.三维荧光结合平行因子分析在东海溶解有机物研究中的应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(3):653-658.[LüLi?sha,ZHAO Wei?hong,MIAO Hui.Application of Excitation?Emission Matrix Spectrum Combined With Parallel Factor Analysis in Dissolved Organic Matter in East China Sea[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2013,33(3):653-658.]
[15]ZHAO C,WANG Z H,WANG C Y,et al.Photocatalytic Degradation of DOM in Urban Stormwater Runoff With TiO2Nanoparticles Under UV Light Irradiation:EEM?PARAFAC Analysis and Influence of Co?Existing Inorganic Ions[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,243(Part A):177-188.
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