贵州草海水质时空变化和水体营养状况
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摘要
为了解和改善草海水质现状,于2017年分季度监测了12个样点的11项水质指标,并分别采用综合营养状态指数法(TLI)和ArcGIS软件对全湖水体进行了营养状况评价和分区,根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)对水质进行了类别划分。研究表明:①除pH值和溶氧(DO)外,其他指标季节差异显著,悬浮物(SPM)在秋季最高,TN,TP浓度在春季最高,COD_(Mn),NH_4~+-N和Chl.a浓度在夏季最高;TN,TP,NH_4~+-N和SPM浓度从上游到下游逐渐降低;②草海水体呈中营养-轻度富营养化(45.3≤TLI(∑)≤57.7);根据TLI(∑)值将全湖分为入水口(轻度富营养化)、近县城和入水口(主要为轻度富营养化)、湖中部(中营养-轻度富营养化)、中下游至近出水口(中营养水平)4个区;③草海水质主要为Ⅱ—Ⅳ类,TN和COD_(Mn)是影响水质类别的主要指标。因此,草海水质保护的关键是周边污水排放治理,重点区域是湖区上游和入湖河流。
In the purpose of revealing and moreover improving the water quality of Caohai Lake, eleven water quality parameters were monitored seasonally in 2017 at 12 sampling sites, and in subsequence, the nutritional status in the lake was assessed and divided into different partitions by employing comprehensive trophic status index(TLI) and ArcGIS. According to national standard Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment(GB 3838-2002), the water quality in the lake was classified. Results unveiled that:(1) except for pH and dissolved oxygen, all parameters showed significant seasonal differences. The concentration of suspended solid material(SPM) was highest in autumn, and the concentrations of TN and TP were highest in spring, while those of COD_(Mn), NH_4~+-N, and Chl.a were highest in summer; concentrations of TN, TP, NH_4~+-N and SPM decreased gradually from the upstream to the downstream.(2) In a holistic sense, the water body in Caohai Lake was mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic(45.3≤ TLI(∑)≤57.7). According to the TLI(∑) values, the lake was divided into four sectors, namely, the inlet area of the lake(slightly eutrophic in general), the areas located near the urban area of Weining county and river inlet(slightly eutrophic), the middle area of the lake(mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic), and the middle-lower reach to the outlet of the lake(mesotrophic).(3) The water quality classification of Caohai Lake was mainly Ⅱ-Ⅳ, dominantly affected by TN and COD_(Mn). In conclusion, controlling the discharge of waste water in surrounding areas, in particular, the upstream of the lake area and the water inlets, should be the key of improving the water quality of Caohai Lake.
In the purpose of revealing and moreover improving the water quality of Caohai Lake, eleven water quality parameters were monitored seasonally in 2017 at 12 sampling sites, and in subsequence, the nutritional status in the lake was assessed and divided into different partitions by employing comprehensive trophic status index(TLI) and ArcGIS. According to national standard Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment(GB 3838-2002), the water quality in the lake was classified. Results unveiled that:(1) except for pH and dissolved oxygen, all parameters showed significant seasonal differences. The concentration of suspended solid material(SPM) was highest in autumn, and the concentrations of TN and TP were highest in spring, while those of COD_(Mn), NH_4~+-N, and Chl.a were highest in summer; concentrations of TN, TP, NH_4~+-N and SPM decreased gradually from the upstream to the downstream.(2) In a holistic sense, the water body in Caohai Lake was mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic(45.3≤ TLI(∑)≤57.7). According to the TLI(∑) values, the lake was divided into four sectors, namely, the inlet area of the lake(slightly eutrophic in general), the areas located near the urban area of Weining county and river inlet(slightly eutrophic), the middle area of the lake(mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic), and the middle-lower reach to the outlet of the lake(mesotrophic).(3) The water quality classification of Caohai Lake was mainly Ⅱ-Ⅳ, dominantly affected by TN and COD_(Mn). In conclusion, controlling the discharge of waste water in surrounding areas, in particular, the upstream of the lake area and the water inlets, should be the key of improving the water quality of Caohai Lake.
引文
[1] 欧阳勇,林昌虎,何腾兵,等.运用主成分分析法评价贵州草海水质污染[J].贵州科学,2012,30(1):21-26.
[2] 刘凤英.草海湿地生态系统影响因素分析[J].贵州环保科技,2005,11(4):34-37.
[3] 徐松,高英.草海湖泊湿地水环境污染现状及可持续利用研究[J].环境科学导刊,2009,28(5):33-36.
[4] 郭媛,林昌虎,何腾兵,等.草海自然保护区生态环境问题及保护对策[J].贵州科学,2011,29(6):26-30.
[5] 郑钧宁,夏品华,林陶,等.贵州草海城郊混合区农田沟渠氮磷含量及分布特征[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(3):224-228.
[6] 周晨,喻理飞,蔡国俊,等.草海高原湿地湖泊水质时空变化及水质分区研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):24-30.
[7] 陈丽华,喻记新,李丽,等.基于TLI和PCA的贵州草海水质状况评价[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(8):41-45.
[8] 张珍明,张清海,林绍霞,等.贵州草海湖湿地水体污染特征及污染因子分析研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(20):183-187.
[9] 蔡国俊,周晨,林艳红,等.贵州草海高原湿地浮游动物群落结构与水质评价[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):279-285.
[10] GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[11] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12] 中国环境监测总站,湖泊(水库)富营养化调查规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[13] 李兴,杨乔媚,勾芒芒.内蒙古乌梁素海水质时空分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1301-1306.
[14] 贾慧慧,王俊坚,高梅,等.湿地水环境质量时空分异的影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(7):32-33.
[2] 刘凤英.草海湿地生态系统影响因素分析[J].贵州环保科技,2005,11(4):34-37.
[3] 徐松,高英.草海湖泊湿地水环境污染现状及可持续利用研究[J].环境科学导刊,2009,28(5):33-36.
[4] 郭媛,林昌虎,何腾兵,等.草海自然保护区生态环境问题及保护对策[J].贵州科学,2011,29(6):26-30.
[5] 郑钧宁,夏品华,林陶,等.贵州草海城郊混合区农田沟渠氮磷含量及分布特征[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(3):224-228.
[6] 周晨,喻理飞,蔡国俊,等.草海高原湿地湖泊水质时空变化及水质分区研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):24-30.
[7] 陈丽华,喻记新,李丽,等.基于TLI和PCA的贵州草海水质状况评价[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(8):41-45.
[8] 张珍明,张清海,林绍霞,等.贵州草海湖湿地水体污染特征及污染因子分析研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(20):183-187.
[9] 蔡国俊,周晨,林艳红,等.贵州草海高原湿地浮游动物群落结构与水质评价[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):279-285.
[10] GB 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[11] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12] 中国环境监测总站,湖泊(水库)富营养化调查规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[13] 李兴,杨乔媚,勾芒芒.内蒙古乌梁素海水质时空分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1301-1306.
[14] 贾慧慧,王俊坚,高梅,等.湿地水环境质量时空分异的影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(7):32-33.
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