2219铝合金拉锻式摩擦塞补焊工艺研究
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摘要
针对6～8mm厚2219–T87铝合金拉锻式摩擦塞焊工艺进行了研究。结果表明,塞棒/塞孔及砧板成形孔结构及轴向载荷、焊接转速、进给速度等焊接工艺参数均对焊接质量有重要影响。采用圆弧形塞棒、圆柱形塞孔、阶梯锥形底孔的砧板能够改善塞孔附近材料的流动方向和受力条件,进而消除未焊合缺陷。焊接转速7000r/min、焊接压力20～30kN、轴向拉锻力20～30kN、进给速度1.5mm/s是较优的焊接工艺范围。焊接接头中母材侧的热力影响区软化最为明显,硬度值为79.9HV。在优化参数下,焊接接头的抗拉强度可达365MPa,延伸率6%。
In the study, friction pull plug welding(FPPW) process of 6–8 mm thick 2219–T87 aluminum alloy was discussed. The results show that the structure of the plug and hole, the forming hole and the main welding parameters(axial load, welding speed and feed speed) have important influence on the weld formation. The use of circular arc-shaped plug rod, cylindrical plug hole and stepped tapered bottom hole can improve the flow direction and stress conditions of the base material and eliminate the unwelded defects. The welding speed is 7000 r/min, the welding pressure is 20 kN, the axial forging force is 20–30 kN, and the feeding speed is 1.5 mm/s. In the welded joint, the softening in the thermal mechanically affect zone on the base material side is the most obvious, and the hardness value is 79.9 HV. Under the optimized parameters, the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach 365 MPa, and the elongation is 6%, which is equivalent to 80% of the base metal.
In the study, friction pull plug welding(FPPW) process of 6–8 mm thick 2219–T87 aluminum alloy was discussed. The results show that the structure of the plug and hole, the forming hole and the main welding parameters(axial load, welding speed and feed speed) have important influence on the weld formation. The use of circular arc-shaped plug rod, cylindrical plug hole and stepped tapered bottom hole can improve the flow direction and stress conditions of the base material and eliminate the unwelded defects. The welding speed is 7000 r/min, the welding pressure is 20 kN, the axial forging force is 20–30 kN, and the feeding speed is 1.5 mm/s. In the welded joint, the softening in the thermal mechanically affect zone on the base material side is the most obvious, and the hardness value is 79.9 HV. Under the optimized parameters, the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach 365 MPa, and the elongation is 6%, which is equivalent to 80% of the base metal.
引文
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[19]METZ D F,WEISHAUPT E R,BARKEY M E,et al.A microstructure and microhardness characterization of a friction plug weld in friction stir welded 2195 AlLi[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2012,134(2):021005.
[20]NASA.Friction pull plug welding in aluminum alloys[EB/OL].[2019-03-19].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120014529.pdf.
[21]赵衍华,刘景铎,张丽娜,等.2014铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的拉锻式摩擦塞补焊[J].航空材料学报,2010,30(1):41-46.ZHAO Yanhua,LIU Jingduo,ZHANGLina,et al.Study on friction plug welding of2014 aluminum alloy FSW joint[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2010,30(1):41-46.
[22]CUI L,LU P,LI W K,et al.Influence of axial force parameters to the quality of friction pull plug welding for 2219-T87 aluminium alloy sheets[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2019:24(1):27-35.
[2]张智,容易,秦曈,等.重型运载火箭总体技术研究[J].载人航天,2017,23(1):1-7.ZHANG Zhi,RONG Yi,QIN Tong,et al.Research on overall technology of heavy launch vehicle[J].Manned Spaceflight,2017,23(1):1-7.
[3]李东,王珏,何巍,等.长征五号运载火箭总体方案及关键技术[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2017(3):1-5.LI Dong,WANG Yu,HE Wei,et al.The general scheme and key technologies of CZ-5launch vehicle[J].Missiles and Space Vehicles,2017(3):1-5.
[4]刘志华,尚育如,宁立芹,等.新一代运载火箭贮箱焊接工艺评价的概念及应用[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2009(4):30-34.LIU Zhihua,SHANGYuru,NINGLiqin,et al.Conception and application of welding processing evaluation for tanks in new generation launch vehicle[J].Missiles and Space Vehicles,2009(4):30-34.
[5]刘欣,王国庆,李曙光,等.重型运载火箭关键制造技术发展展望[J].航天制造技术,2013(1):1-6.LIU Xin,WANG Guoqing,LI Shuguang,et al.Forecasts on crucial manufacturing technology development of heavy lift launch vehicle[J].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2013(1):1-6.
[6]SCHNEIDER J A,NUNES JR A C,BRENDEL M S.The influence of friction stir weld tool form and welding parameters on weld structure and properties:nugget bulge in selfreacting friction stir welds[C]//8th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding.Timmendorfer Strand,2010.
[7]王国庆,张丽娜,朱瑞灿,等.摩擦塞补焊技术研究现状及展望[J].电焊机,2017,47(1):17-25.WANG Guoqing,ZHANG Lina,ZHURuican,et al.Present state and perspective on friction plug welding[J].Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(1):17-25.
[8]COLETTAE R,CANTRELLM A.Friction plug weld repair geometric innovations[R/OL].[2019-03-19].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000112928.pdf.
[9]ZUOQK,NUNESACJ R.Mechanics model of plug welding[R/OL].[2019-03-19].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20150019530.pdf.
[10]NASA.Large-Scale Manufacturing facilities[EB/OL].[2019-03-19].http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Large Scale Mfg.pdf.
[11]MCGILL P,BURKHOLDER J.Damage tolerance behavior of friction stir welds in aluminum alloys[R/OL].[2019-03-10].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120015226.pdf.
[12]COLETTA E R,CANTRELL MA.Friction pull plug welding:chamfered heat sink pull plug design:United States Patent6460750[P].2002-10-08.
[13]COLETTA E R,CANTRELL MA.Friction pull plug welding:chamfered heat sink pull plug design:United States Patent6880743[P].2005-04-19.
[14]BEAMISHK A,PICKJ R,THREADGILL P L.Influence of hole and plate geometries on f riction taper plug welding of AA6082-T6[R].TWI Industrial Member Report Summary 868/2007,2017.
[15]TAKESHITA R,HIBBARD T L.Friction plug welding:United States Patent,6213379[R].2001-04-10.
[16]DU B,CUI L,YANG X Q,et al.Weakening mechanism and tensile fracture behavior of AA 2219-T87 friction plug welds[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2017,693:129-135.
[17]HORTON K R.Microhardness,strength and strain field characterization of selfreacting friction stir and plug welds of dissimilar aluminum alloys[D].Tuscaloosa:University of Alabama,2011.
[18]MCGILL P,BURKHOLDER J.Damage tolerance assessment of friction pull plug welds[R/OL].[2019-03-19].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.
[19]METZ D F,WEISHAUPT E R,BARKEY M E,et al.A microstructure and microhardness characterization of a friction plug weld in friction stir welded 2195 AlLi[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,2012,134(2):021005.
[20]NASA.Friction pull plug welding in aluminum alloys[EB/OL].[2019-03-19].https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120014529.pdf.
[21]赵衍华,刘景铎,张丽娜,等.2014铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的拉锻式摩擦塞补焊[J].航空材料学报,2010,30(1):41-46.ZHAO Yanhua,LIU Jingduo,ZHANGLina,et al.Study on friction plug welding of2014 aluminum alloy FSW joint[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2010,30(1):41-46.
[22]CUI L,LU P,LI W K,et al.Influence of axial force parameters to the quality of friction pull plug welding for 2219-T87 aluminium alloy sheets[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2019:24(1):27-35.
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