景观生态视角下草地生态质量的空间差异及其影响因素——以内蒙古四子王旗为例
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摘要
科学评价北方荒漠草原的生态质量,有助于草地景观的生态修复与荒漠化防治。以内蒙古四子王旗为例,采用景观生态视角,通过构建生态质量评价体系,结合综合指数法和自然间断法,对研究区内130个行政村域的草地生态质量进行综合评价及类别划定;通过引入地理加权回归模型并对比最小二乘回归模型,评估外源压力对草地生态质量的影响。结果表明:(1)2016年四子王旗村域草地生态质量的指数变化幅度为0.003—0.765,呈现出北高南低的区域差异;在空间分布上,高高集聚、低低集聚和低高集聚的空间特征反映出村域草地生态质量的非均衡特征及空间依赖;(2)对比模型估计参数,地理加权回归模型具有解释草地生态质量空间异质性和处理数据非平稳性的优势,预测精度优于最小二乘回归模型;(3)6种变量对草地生态质量的回归系数表明,经济压力和环境压力的影响效应明显高于人口压力和资源压力。与草地生态质量变化呈正相关的因素依次为:生态用地比、人均耕地面积和草地载畜量,而与至城镇中心距离、劳动人口比和人均GDP则依次呈现出负相关关系。研究结果可为草地生态保护与治理提供参考。
Scientific evaluation of ecological quality of desert steppe in North China is helpful for ecological restoration and desertification control.Taking Siziwang Banner as an example, this paper adopts the landscape ecological perspective, constructs the ecological quality evaluation system, and combines the comprehensive index method to research grassland ecological quality. In this paper, grassland ecological quality of desert steppe in 130 administrative villages is comprehensively evaluated and classified with the natural breaking method. After comparing the ordinary least square regression model, the effect of exogenous pressure on grassland ecological quality was evaluated by introducing the geographical weighted regression model. The main results were as follows:(1) The grassland ecological quality indexes ranged from 0.003 to 0.765 in the village area of Siziwang Banner, showing the regional difference in north high to south low in 2016. The spatial characteristics of High-High agglomeration, Low-Low agglomeration and Low-High agglomeration reflect the disequilibrium characteristics and spatial dependence.(2) The GWR model has the advantage of explaining spatial heterogeneity and processing data nonstationarity of grassland ecological quality. Compared with the estimated parameters, the prediction accuracy of the GWR model is higher than the OLS model.(3) The regression coefficient of six variables on grassland ecological quality showed that the effect of economic pressure and environmental pressure was obviously higher than that of population pressure and resource pressure.(4)The positive correlation factors of the change of grassland ecological quality are as follows: ecological land ratio, per capital amount of farmland and grassland grazing capacity. The distance from the nearest town, labor to force ratio and per capital GDP showed a negative correlation in turn. The results can be used as reference to grassland ecological protection and management.
Scientific evaluation of ecological quality of desert steppe in North China is helpful for ecological restoration and desertification control.Taking Siziwang Banner as an example, this paper adopts the landscape ecological perspective, constructs the ecological quality evaluation system, and combines the comprehensive index method to research grassland ecological quality. In this paper, grassland ecological quality of desert steppe in 130 administrative villages is comprehensively evaluated and classified with the natural breaking method. After comparing the ordinary least square regression model, the effect of exogenous pressure on grassland ecological quality was evaluated by introducing the geographical weighted regression model. The main results were as follows:(1) The grassland ecological quality indexes ranged from 0.003 to 0.765 in the village area of Siziwang Banner, showing the regional difference in north high to south low in 2016. The spatial characteristics of High-High agglomeration, Low-Low agglomeration and Low-High agglomeration reflect the disequilibrium characteristics and spatial dependence.(2) The GWR model has the advantage of explaining spatial heterogeneity and processing data nonstationarity of grassland ecological quality. Compared with the estimated parameters, the prediction accuracy of the GWR model is higher than the OLS model.(3) The regression coefficient of six variables on grassland ecological quality showed that the effect of economic pressure and environmental pressure was obviously higher than that of population pressure and resource pressure.(4)The positive correlation factors of the change of grassland ecological quality are as follows: ecological land ratio, per capital amount of farmland and grassland grazing capacity. The distance from the nearest town, labor to force ratio and per capital GDP showed a negative correlation in turn. The results can be used as reference to grassland ecological protection and management.
引文
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[13] 张燕如,梁丽壮,牛树奎,韩海荣.山西省太岳山景观生态质量评价.浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(4):599- 604.
[14] 任金铜,杨可明,陈群利,莫世江,王志红,冯图.草海湿地区域景观生态脆弱性时空变化特征.生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(3):232- 239.
[15] 孙元敏,陈彬,黄海萍,马志远.南海北部海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价.中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2874- 2880.
[16] 陈永林,孙永光,谢炳庚,康婧,李晓青.不同景观格局的红树林湿地生态系统质量比较研究:以广西北部湾地区为例.生态环境学报,2015,24(6):965- 971.
[17] 孙元敏,陈彬,黄海萍,马志远.南海北部海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价.中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2874- 2880.
[18] 杨建强,朱永贵,宋文鹏,张娟,张龙军,罗先香.基于生境质量和生态响应的莱州湾生态环境质量评价.生态学报,2014,34(1):105- 114.
[19] 李宇奇,罗奕爽,黎燕琼,彭培好,郑绍伟.基于AHP法的乡村景观质量评价体系构建:以川西林盘为例.西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):263- 268.
[20] 杜金鸿,张玉波,刘方正,陈冰,李俊生,王伟.中国草地类自然保护区生态环境质量动态评价指标体系构建与案例.草业科学,2017,34(11):2378- 2387.
[21] 张秀云,姚玉璧,王润元,陈昌平.亚高山草甸类草地生态质量评价指标.干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(10):132- 136.
[22] 蒙荣,包晓虎,袁清.中国草地生态环境质量评价的基本框架.中国草地学报,2000,8(1):16- 19.
[23] 徐有绪,宋理明,朱宝文,魏永林.环青海湖地区草地生态环境质量评价方法.青海草业,2007,16(4):40- 43.
[24] 马治华,刘桂香,李景平,李洁.内蒙古荒漠草原生态环境质量评价.中国草地学报,2007,29(6):17- 21.
[25] 杨飞,马超,方华军.脆弱性研究进展:从理论研究到综合实践.生态学报,2019,39(2):441- 453.
[26] 任国平,刘黎明,卓东.都市郊区景观生态质量空间差异及影响因素分析.农业工程学报,2016,32(21):252- 263.
[27] Li C X Wu K N.Driving forces of the villages hollowing based on geographically weighted regression model:A case study of Longde County,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Natural Hazards,2017,89(3):1059- 1079.
[28] Wang N,Mei C L,Yan X D.Local Linear Estimation of Spatially Varying Coefficient Models:An Improvement on the Geographically Weighted Regression Technique.Environment & Planning A,2008,40(4):986- 1005.
[29] 董天,肖洋,张路,肖燚,郑华,欧阳志云.鄂尔多斯市生态系统格局和质量变化及驱动力.生态学报,2019,39(2):660- 671.
[30] 宋静,王会肖,王飞.生态环境质量评价研究进展及方法评述.环境科学与技术,2013,36(12):448- 453.
[31] 王宏亮,郝晋珉,管青春,陈丽,朱传民.和林格尔县农村居民点整理潜力估算及修正系数关联分析.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):24- 30.
[32] 陶雨婷,吴云清.基于Moran′ I指数的全国空气质量时空格局分析.自然灾害学报,2018,27(5):107- 113.
[33] Fotheringham A S,Brunsdon C,Charlton M E.Geographically Weighted Regression:The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships.West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2002.
[34] Dyksterhuis E J.Condition and management of range land based on quantitative ecology.Journal of Range Management,1949,2(3):104- 115.
[35] 任继周.草地农业生态学.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[36] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,郑度,成升魁.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47- 53.
[37] Borja A,Bricker S B,Dauer D M,Demetriades N T,Ferreira J G,Forbes A T,Hutchings P,Jia X,Kenchington R,Carlos M J.Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(9):1519- 1537.
[38] 吴海燕,吴耀建,陈克亮,陈朝华,洪宜斌,吴吉春,陈庆辉,张景飞.基于“OOAO原则”的罗源湾生态质量状况综合评价市.生态学报,2013,33(1):249- 259.
[2] 邬建国.景观生态学:概念与理论.生态学杂志,2000,19(1):42- 52.
[3] 税伟,白剑平,简小枚,祁新华,苏正安,陈勇,蔡应君.若尔盖沙化草地恢复过程中土壤特性及水源涵养功能.生态学报,2017,37 (1):277- 285.
[4] 侯向阳.中国草原科学.北京:科技出版社,2013.
[5] 高艺宁,赵萌莉,熊梅.典型农牧区草地景观特征及退耕潜力分析:以内蒙古自治区武川县哈乐镇为例.中国农业大学学报,2018,23(4):94- 103.
[6] 徐嘉兴,李钢,陈国良,赵华,渠俊峰.土地复垦矿区的景观生态质量变化.农业工程学报,2013,29(1):232- 239.
[7] 郑淑华,王堃,赵萌莉,韩国栋,冯雨峰.北方农牧交错区草地生态系统服务间接价值的初步评估:以太仆寺旗和沽源县境内为例.草业科学,2009,26(9):18- 23.
[8] 杨保军,王成杰.气候变化与草原生态.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,2015.
[9] 张妹婷,翟永洪,张志军,唐文家,马燕,聂学敏,丁玲玲.三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化.环境科学研究,2017,30(1):75- 81.
[10] 任艳敏,唐秀美,刘玉,潘瑜春.考虑耕地生态质量的基本农田划定方法.农业工程学报,2014,30(24):298- 307.
[11] 陈宁丽,张红方,张合兵,司朝霞.基于熵权TOPSIS法的耕地生态质量空间分布格局及主控因子分析:以河南省新郑市为例.浙江农业学报,2015,27(8):1444- 1450.
[12] 左舒翟,任引.快速城市化地区森林景观生态质量的时空演变研究.环境科学与技术,2015,39(9):191- 198.
[13] 张燕如,梁丽壮,牛树奎,韩海荣.山西省太岳山景观生态质量评价.浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(4):599- 604.
[14] 任金铜,杨可明,陈群利,莫世江,王志红,冯图.草海湿地区域景观生态脆弱性时空变化特征.生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(3):232- 239.
[15] 孙元敏,陈彬,黄海萍,马志远.南海北部海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价.中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2874- 2880.
[16] 陈永林,孙永光,谢炳庚,康婧,李晓青.不同景观格局的红树林湿地生态系统质量比较研究:以广西北部湾地区为例.生态环境学报,2015,24(6):965- 971.
[17] 孙元敏,陈彬,黄海萍,马志远.南海北部海岛周边海域生态环境质量综合评价.中国环境科学,2016,36(9):2874- 2880.
[18] 杨建强,朱永贵,宋文鹏,张娟,张龙军,罗先香.基于生境质量和生态响应的莱州湾生态环境质量评价.生态学报,2014,34(1):105- 114.
[19] 李宇奇,罗奕爽,黎燕琼,彭培好,郑绍伟.基于AHP法的乡村景观质量评价体系构建:以川西林盘为例.西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):263- 268.
[20] 杜金鸿,张玉波,刘方正,陈冰,李俊生,王伟.中国草地类自然保护区生态环境质量动态评价指标体系构建与案例.草业科学,2017,34(11):2378- 2387.
[21] 张秀云,姚玉璧,王润元,陈昌平.亚高山草甸类草地生态质量评价指标.干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(10):132- 136.
[22] 蒙荣,包晓虎,袁清.中国草地生态环境质量评价的基本框架.中国草地学报,2000,8(1):16- 19.
[23] 徐有绪,宋理明,朱宝文,魏永林.环青海湖地区草地生态环境质量评价方法.青海草业,2007,16(4):40- 43.
[24] 马治华,刘桂香,李景平,李洁.内蒙古荒漠草原生态环境质量评价.中国草地学报,2007,29(6):17- 21.
[25] 杨飞,马超,方华军.脆弱性研究进展:从理论研究到综合实践.生态学报,2019,39(2):441- 453.
[26] 任国平,刘黎明,卓东.都市郊区景观生态质量空间差异及影响因素分析.农业工程学报,2016,32(21):252- 263.
[27] Li C X Wu K N.Driving forces of the villages hollowing based on geographically weighted regression model:A case study of Longde County,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Natural Hazards,2017,89(3):1059- 1079.
[28] Wang N,Mei C L,Yan X D.Local Linear Estimation of Spatially Varying Coefficient Models:An Improvement on the Geographically Weighted Regression Technique.Environment & Planning A,2008,40(4):986- 1005.
[29] 董天,肖洋,张路,肖燚,郑华,欧阳志云.鄂尔多斯市生态系统格局和质量变化及驱动力.生态学报,2019,39(2):660- 671.
[30] 宋静,王会肖,王飞.生态环境质量评价研究进展及方法评述.环境科学与技术,2013,36(12):448- 453.
[31] 王宏亮,郝晋珉,管青春,陈丽,朱传民.和林格尔县农村居民点整理潜力估算及修正系数关联分析.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):24- 30.
[32] 陶雨婷,吴云清.基于Moran′ I指数的全国空气质量时空格局分析.自然灾害学报,2018,27(5):107- 113.
[33] Fotheringham A S,Brunsdon C,Charlton M E.Geographically Weighted Regression:The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships.West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2002.
[34] Dyksterhuis E J.Condition and management of range land based on quantitative ecology.Journal of Range Management,1949,2(3):104- 115.
[35] 任继周.草地农业生态学.北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[36] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,郑度,成升魁.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值.自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47- 53.
[37] Borja A,Bricker S B,Dauer D M,Demetriades N T,Ferreira J G,Forbes A T,Hutchings P,Jia X,Kenchington R,Carlos M J.Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(9):1519- 1537.
[38] 吴海燕,吴耀建,陈克亮,陈朝华,洪宜斌,吴吉春,陈庆辉,张景飞.基于“OOAO原则”的罗源湾生态质量状况综合评价市.生态学报,2013,33(1):249- 259.
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