~(137)Cs在我国滨海核电周边海洋生物的富集及生态风险研究
|
摘要
铯-137(~(137)Cs)是滨海核电站液态流出物中主要人工放射性核素和重要监控指标之一,易被水生生物累积,有关核电周边海域内海洋生物的核素富集状况备受关注。通过分析海洋生物富集放射性~(137)Cs的方式、生物富集系数的种群特征、人工放射性核素在生物体内的辐射剂量率状况,结果显示:1)滨海核电周边海域内~(137)Cs的放射性水平较低; 2)海洋生物对于~(137)Cs的富集未呈现显著的种群规律; 3)目前对放射性铯的富集能力较高的生物主要是底栖生物; 4)核电厂周边海域内海洋生物通常未达到可导致电离辐射损伤的辐射剂量率水平。随着滨海核电在我国的大力发展,对能够快速反映环境放射性状况的指示生物的筛选、生物放射性质量安全及其生态健康风险需进一步关注。
~(137)Cs is one of the main artificial radionuclides and important indicators in the monitoring of radioactive liquid effluent of the coastal nuclear power plants. It is easily accumulated by marine organisms, and the enrichment status of radioactive cesium by marine biota in the surrounding sea areas of nuclear power plants has attracted much attention. After analysis of the manners of radioactive~(137)Cs enrichment by marine organisms, the population characteristics of bioconcentration coefficient and the radiation dose rate of artificial radionuclides in marine organisms, the results show that 1) the radioactivity level of~(137)Cs in seawater near the coastal nuclear power plant is rather low; 2) the population characteristics is not significant in bioconcentration coefficient; 3) the organisms with higher enrichment level of radioactive cesium mainly belong to benthic species; 4) the enrichment levels of marine organisms near the coastal nuclear power plants are usually lower than the threshold of radiation dose rate that can cause ionizing radiation damage. With the great development of coastal nuclear power plants in China, it is necessary to pay more attention to the indicator organism selection, biological quality safety in radioactivity monitoring and ecological health risks assessment of environmental radioactivity.
~(137)Cs is one of the main artificial radionuclides and important indicators in the monitoring of radioactive liquid effluent of the coastal nuclear power plants. It is easily accumulated by marine organisms, and the enrichment status of radioactive cesium by marine biota in the surrounding sea areas of nuclear power plants has attracted much attention. After analysis of the manners of radioactive~(137)Cs enrichment by marine organisms, the population characteristics of bioconcentration coefficient and the radiation dose rate of artificial radionuclides in marine organisms, the results show that 1) the radioactivity level of~(137)Cs in seawater near the coastal nuclear power plant is rather low; 2) the population characteristics is not significant in bioconcentration coefficient; 3) the organisms with higher enrichment level of radioactive cesium mainly belong to benthic species; 4) the enrichment levels of marine organisms near the coastal nuclear power plants are usually lower than the threshold of radiation dose rate that can cause ionizing radiation damage. With the great development of coastal nuclear power plants in China, it is necessary to pay more attention to the indicator organism selection, biological quality safety in radioactivity monitoring and ecological health risks assessment of environmental radioactivity.
引文
[1]陈立奇,何建华,林武辉,等.海洋核污染的应急监测与评估技术展望[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(10):34-39Chen L Q,He J H,Lin W H,et al.Review on the marine radioactive pollution monitoring and assessment technology[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(10):34-39(in Chinese)
[2]刘广山.海洋放射性核素测量方法[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:176-265
[3]史建君.放射性核素对生态环境的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(2):397-403Shi J J.Nuclear accident impact on the ecological environment[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(2):397-403(in Chinese)
[4]林武辉,陈立奇,何建华,等.日本福岛核事故后的海洋放射性监测进展[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):269-276Lin W H,Chen L Q,He J H,et al.Review on monitoring marine radioactivity since the Fukushima Nuclear Accident[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):269-276(in Chinese)
[5]Povinec P P,Aoyama M,Biddulph D,et al.Cesium,iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters-A comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(8):5481-5496
[6]Valentin J.A framework for assessing the impact of ionising radiation on non-human species:ICRP Publication 91[J].Annals of the ICRP,2003,33(3):201-270
[7]张威,潘少明,张克新,等.中国大陆Cs-137背景值研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1477-1490Zhang W,Pan S M,Zhang K X,et al.Study of the Cesium-137 reference inventory in the mainland of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(9):1477-1490(in Chinese)
[8]齐永青,张信宝,贺秀斌,等.中国Cs-137本底值区域分布研究[J].核技术,2006,29(1):42-50Qi Y Q,Zhang X B,He X B,et al.137Cs reference inventories distribution pattern in China[J].Nuclear Techniques,2006,29(1):42-50(in Chinese)
[9]蔡福龙.放射性污染与海洋生物[M].北京:海洋出版社,1983:53-90
[10]蔡福龙.海洋放射生态学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1998:65-132
[11]Aoyama M,Hirose K.Artificial radionuclides database in the Pacific Ocean:HAM database[J].Scientific World Journal,2004,4(4):200-215
[12]赵昌,乔方利,王关锁,等.历次核试验进入海洋的Cs-137对中国近海影响的模拟研究[J].海洋学报,2015,37(3):15-24Zhao C,Qiao F L,Wang G S,et al.Simulation of the influence of137Cs from nuclear experiments on China seas[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,37(3):15-24(in Chinese)
[13]陈志东,林清,邓飞,等.大亚湾核电站周围海洋介质中核素Sr-90,Cs-137的放射性水平[C].杭州:全国放射性流出物和环境监测与评价研讨会,2003:110-115
[14]秦学祥,王志忠.渤海海域铯-137的分布[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):37-44
[15]刘丹彤.福岛核事故后典型放射性核素在中国近海环境中分布和迁移特征分析[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016:39-57Liu D T.Distribution and migration characteristics of typical radionuclides in China coastal environment after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2016:39-57(in Chinese)
[16]杨嘉东.海水,海洋生物和沉积物中Cs-137的测定[J].海洋科学,1984,8(3):30-33Yang J D.Determination of Cs-137 in seawater,marine organisms and sediments[J].Marine Sciences,1984,8(3):30-33(in Chinese)
[17]陈进兴.南海近海水中U,Sr-90,Cs-137,H-3和总β放射性分布[J].海洋科学,1993,17(1):69-70
[18]刘广山,周彩芸.核电站运行前后大亚湾海洋生物,海水和沉积物Cs-137含量[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(4):7-10Liu G S,Zhou C Y.Cs-137 contents in the marine organisms,seawater and sediment in Daya Bay before and after the nuclear power plant operation[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,17(4):7-10(in Chinese)
[19]徐寅良,陈凯旋,陈传群.生物对Cs-137的吸收和富集[J].环境污染与防治,2000,22(3):14-16Xu Y L,Chen K X,Chen C Q.Absorption and concentration of Cs-137 by organism[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2000,22(3):14-16(in Chinese)
[20]Steinhauser G,Brandl A,Johnson T E.Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents:A review of the environmental impacts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471:800-817
[21]Buesseler K O,Jayne S R,Fisher N S,et al.Fukushimaderived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(16):5984-5988
[22]Wada T,Nemoto Y,Shimamura S,et al.Effects of the nuclear disaster on marine products in Fukushima[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2013,124:246-254
[23]Madigan D J,Baumann Z,Fisher N S.Pacific bluefin tuna transport Fukushima-derived radionuclides from Japan to California[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(24):9483-9486
[24]Jordi V I B,Aono T,Brown J E,et al.The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on marine biota:Retrospective assessment of the first year and perspectives[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,487:143-153
[25]Sohtome T,Wada T,Mizuno T,et al.Radiological impact of TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on invertebrates in the coastal benthic food web[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,138:106-115
[26]唐森铭,商照荣.中国近海海域环境放射性水平调查[J].核安全,2005(2):21-30Tang S M,Shang Z R.Radiation investigation in near coast marine environment in China[J].Nuclear Safety,2005(2):21-30(in Chinese)
[27]王海军,王震涛,张凯,等.放射性核素在海洋中的迁移[J].核电子学与探测技术,2012,32(10):1224-1227
[28]刘广山,周彩芸.大亚湾不同介质中Cs-137和Sr-90的含量及行为特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2000,19(3):261-268Liu G S,Zhou C Y.Contents and behavior characteristics of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in various mediums of Daya Bay[J].Journal of Applied of Oceanography,2000,19(3):261-268(in Chinese)
[29]张晓峰,上官志洪,赵锋.阳江核电厂附近海域生物辐射影响评价研究[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(6):35-40Zhang X F,Shangguan Z H,Zhao F.Assessment of radiological impact on the marine organisms near Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2009,28(6):35-40(in Chinese)
[30]蔡福龙,陈英.大弹涂鱼浓集Cs-137,Cs-134,Zn-65,Co-60的研究[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(1):1-8
[31]徐寅良,陈传群,孙志明,等.Cs-134在模拟海洋生态系中的行为[J].浙江农业大学学报,1992,18(2):13-20Xu Y L,Chen C Q,Sun Z M,et al.Behavior of Cs-134in the simulated marine ecosystems[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),1992,18(2):13-20(in Chinese)
[32]蔡福龙,陈英,吴晋平,等.Cs-137,Co-60在海水及海洋食物链网中的转移[J].海洋环境科学,1982,1(1):75-86Cai F L,Chen Y,Wu J P,et al.The transfer of Cs-137and Co-60 along marine food web and water[J].Marine Environmental Science,1982,1(1):75-86(in Chinese)
[33]蔡福龙,陈英,许丕安.Co-60和Cs-137在泥蚶体内的代谢[J].海洋学报,1984,5(S1):896-898
[34]蔡福龙,陈英,许丕安,等.海水和海洋食物链网传递Cs-137,Co-60规律的研究[J].海洋学报,1984,6(1):72-80
[35]蔡福龙,陈英,吴晋平,等.Cs-137,Co-60在海洋生物体内的积累和分布[J].水产学报,1983,7(1):55-61Cai F L,Chen Y,Wu J P.et al.The accumulation and distribution of Cs-137 and Co-60 in marine organism[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1983,7(1):55-61(in Chinese)
[36]Hua F D,Cheung T.Study on accumulation of Cs-137 in aquatic organisms[J].Nuclear Science&Techniques,1998(3):184-185
[37]Ono T,Rompel A,Mino H,et al.Ca2+function in photosynthetic oxygen evolution studied by alkali metal cations substitution[J].Biophysical Journal,2001,81(4):1831-1840
[38]White P J,Broadley M R.Mechanisms of caesium uptake by plants[J].New Phytologist,2000,147(2):241-256
[39]Howard B J,Beresford N A,Copplestone D,et al.The IAEA handbook on radionuclide transfer to wildlife[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2013,121(4):55-74
[40]Kaeriyama H,Shimizu Y,Setou T,et al.Intrusion of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium into subsurface water due to formation of mode waters in the North Pacific[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:1-10
[41]Ishida K,Tanoi K,Nakanishi T M.Monitoring free-living Japanese Bush Warblers(Cettia diphone)in a most highly radiocontaminated area of Fukushima Prefecture,Japan[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2015,56(S1):24-28
[42]彭赞平,陶宏婷,廖小立,等.实验红鲫对Cs-137辐射的氧化应激响应[J].实验动物科学,2016,33(2):6-13Peng Z P,Tao H T,Liao X L,et al.Oxidative stress response to Cs-137 radiation in red crucian carps[J].Laboratory Animal Science,2016,33(2):6-13(in Chinese)
[43]Gilbin R,Alonzo F,Garnier-laplace J.Effects of chronic external gamma irradiation on growth and reproductive success of Daphnia magna[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2008,99(1):134-145
[44]Knowles J F,Greenwood L N.The effects of chronic irradiation on the reproductive performance of Ophryotrocha diadema(Polychaeta,Dorvilleidae)[J].Marine Environmental Research,1994,38(3):207-224
[45]Alamri O D,Cundy A B,Di Y,et al.Ionizing radiationinduced DNA damage response identified in marine mussels,Mytilus sp.[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,168:107-112
[46]Batlle J V I,Balonov M,Beaugelin-Seiller K,et al.Intercomparison of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota[J].Radiation and Environmental Biophysics,2007,46(4):349-373
[47]Hosseini A,Th?rring H,Brown J E,et al.Transfer of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems-default concentration ratios for aquatic biota in the Erica Tool[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2008,99(9):1408
[48]Rose K.Effects of ionising radiation on plants and animals at levels implied by current radiation protection standards:International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna,Technical Report Series No.332,74 pp.ISBN 920100992 5.Price 280 Austrian Schillings,1992[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,1993,18(2):175-176
[49]唐文乔,潘自强,夏益华,等.核电站放射性液态流出物对大亚湾海洋生物所致的辐射剂量率[J].科学通报,1999,44(17):1846-1850
[50]林武辉,陈立奇,余雯,等.海洋生物辐射剂量评价方法及应用[C].平潭:福建省海洋学会学术年会暨福建省科协学术年会分会场,2014:326-334
[2]刘广山.海洋放射性核素测量方法[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:176-265
[3]史建君.放射性核素对生态环境的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(2):397-403Shi J J.Nuclear accident impact on the ecological environment[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(2):397-403(in Chinese)
[4]林武辉,陈立奇,何建华,等.日本福岛核事故后的海洋放射性监测进展[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):269-276Lin W H,Chen L Q,He J H,et al.Review on monitoring marine radioactivity since the Fukushima Nuclear Accident[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):269-276(in Chinese)
[5]Povinec P P,Aoyama M,Biddulph D,et al.Cesium,iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters-A comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout[J].Biogeosciences,2013,10(8):5481-5496
[6]Valentin J.A framework for assessing the impact of ionising radiation on non-human species:ICRP Publication 91[J].Annals of the ICRP,2003,33(3):201-270
[7]张威,潘少明,张克新,等.中国大陆Cs-137背景值研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(9):1477-1490Zhang W,Pan S M,Zhang K X,et al.Study of the Cesium-137 reference inventory in the mainland of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(9):1477-1490(in Chinese)
[8]齐永青,张信宝,贺秀斌,等.中国Cs-137本底值区域分布研究[J].核技术,2006,29(1):42-50Qi Y Q,Zhang X B,He X B,et al.137Cs reference inventories distribution pattern in China[J].Nuclear Techniques,2006,29(1):42-50(in Chinese)
[9]蔡福龙.放射性污染与海洋生物[M].北京:海洋出版社,1983:53-90
[10]蔡福龙.海洋放射生态学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1998:65-132
[11]Aoyama M,Hirose K.Artificial radionuclides database in the Pacific Ocean:HAM database[J].Scientific World Journal,2004,4(4):200-215
[12]赵昌,乔方利,王关锁,等.历次核试验进入海洋的Cs-137对中国近海影响的模拟研究[J].海洋学报,2015,37(3):15-24Zhao C,Qiao F L,Wang G S,et al.Simulation of the influence of137Cs from nuclear experiments on China seas[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,37(3):15-24(in Chinese)
[13]陈志东,林清,邓飞,等.大亚湾核电站周围海洋介质中核素Sr-90,Cs-137的放射性水平[C].杭州:全国放射性流出物和环境监测与评价研讨会,2003:110-115
[14]秦学祥,王志忠.渤海海域铯-137的分布[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):37-44
[15]刘丹彤.福岛核事故后典型放射性核素在中国近海环境中分布和迁移特征分析[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016:39-57Liu D T.Distribution and migration characteristics of typical radionuclides in China coastal environment after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2016:39-57(in Chinese)
[16]杨嘉东.海水,海洋生物和沉积物中Cs-137的测定[J].海洋科学,1984,8(3):30-33Yang J D.Determination of Cs-137 in seawater,marine organisms and sediments[J].Marine Sciences,1984,8(3):30-33(in Chinese)
[17]陈进兴.南海近海水中U,Sr-90,Cs-137,H-3和总β放射性分布[J].海洋科学,1993,17(1):69-70
[18]刘广山,周彩芸.核电站运行前后大亚湾海洋生物,海水和沉积物Cs-137含量[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(4):7-10Liu G S,Zhou C Y.Cs-137 contents in the marine organisms,seawater and sediment in Daya Bay before and after the nuclear power plant operation[J].Marine Environmental Science,1998,17(4):7-10(in Chinese)
[19]徐寅良,陈凯旋,陈传群.生物对Cs-137的吸收和富集[J].环境污染与防治,2000,22(3):14-16Xu Y L,Chen K X,Chen C Q.Absorption and concentration of Cs-137 by organism[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2000,22(3):14-16(in Chinese)
[20]Steinhauser G,Brandl A,Johnson T E.Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents:A review of the environmental impacts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471:800-817
[21]Buesseler K O,Jayne S R,Fisher N S,et al.Fukushimaderived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(16):5984-5988
[22]Wada T,Nemoto Y,Shimamura S,et al.Effects of the nuclear disaster on marine products in Fukushima[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2013,124:246-254
[23]Madigan D J,Baumann Z,Fisher N S.Pacific bluefin tuna transport Fukushima-derived radionuclides from Japan to California[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(24):9483-9486
[24]Jordi V I B,Aono T,Brown J E,et al.The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on marine biota:Retrospective assessment of the first year and perspectives[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,487:143-153
[25]Sohtome T,Wada T,Mizuno T,et al.Radiological impact of TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on invertebrates in the coastal benthic food web[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,138:106-115
[26]唐森铭,商照荣.中国近海海域环境放射性水平调查[J].核安全,2005(2):21-30Tang S M,Shang Z R.Radiation investigation in near coast marine environment in China[J].Nuclear Safety,2005(2):21-30(in Chinese)
[27]王海军,王震涛,张凯,等.放射性核素在海洋中的迁移[J].核电子学与探测技术,2012,32(10):1224-1227
[28]刘广山,周彩芸.大亚湾不同介质中Cs-137和Sr-90的含量及行为特征[J].应用海洋学学报,2000,19(3):261-268Liu G S,Zhou C Y.Contents and behavior characteristics of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in various mediums of Daya Bay[J].Journal of Applied of Oceanography,2000,19(3):261-268(in Chinese)
[29]张晓峰,上官志洪,赵锋.阳江核电厂附近海域生物辐射影响评价研究[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(6):35-40Zhang X F,Shangguan Z H,Zhao F.Assessment of radiological impact on the marine organisms near Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2009,28(6):35-40(in Chinese)
[30]蔡福龙,陈英.大弹涂鱼浓集Cs-137,Cs-134,Zn-65,Co-60的研究[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(1):1-8
[31]徐寅良,陈传群,孙志明,等.Cs-134在模拟海洋生态系中的行为[J].浙江农业大学学报,1992,18(2):13-20Xu Y L,Chen C Q,Sun Z M,et al.Behavior of Cs-134in the simulated marine ecosystems[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),1992,18(2):13-20(in Chinese)
[32]蔡福龙,陈英,吴晋平,等.Cs-137,Co-60在海水及海洋食物链网中的转移[J].海洋环境科学,1982,1(1):75-86Cai F L,Chen Y,Wu J P,et al.The transfer of Cs-137and Co-60 along marine food web and water[J].Marine Environmental Science,1982,1(1):75-86(in Chinese)
[33]蔡福龙,陈英,许丕安.Co-60和Cs-137在泥蚶体内的代谢[J].海洋学报,1984,5(S1):896-898
[34]蔡福龙,陈英,许丕安,等.海水和海洋食物链网传递Cs-137,Co-60规律的研究[J].海洋学报,1984,6(1):72-80
[35]蔡福龙,陈英,吴晋平,等.Cs-137,Co-60在海洋生物体内的积累和分布[J].水产学报,1983,7(1):55-61Cai F L,Chen Y,Wu J P.et al.The accumulation and distribution of Cs-137 and Co-60 in marine organism[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1983,7(1):55-61(in Chinese)
[36]Hua F D,Cheung T.Study on accumulation of Cs-137 in aquatic organisms[J].Nuclear Science&Techniques,1998(3):184-185
[37]Ono T,Rompel A,Mino H,et al.Ca2+function in photosynthetic oxygen evolution studied by alkali metal cations substitution[J].Biophysical Journal,2001,81(4):1831-1840
[38]White P J,Broadley M R.Mechanisms of caesium uptake by plants[J].New Phytologist,2000,147(2):241-256
[39]Howard B J,Beresford N A,Copplestone D,et al.The IAEA handbook on radionuclide transfer to wildlife[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2013,121(4):55-74
[40]Kaeriyama H,Shimizu Y,Setou T,et al.Intrusion of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium into subsurface water due to formation of mode waters in the North Pacific[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:1-10
[41]Ishida K,Tanoi K,Nakanishi T M.Monitoring free-living Japanese Bush Warblers(Cettia diphone)in a most highly radiocontaminated area of Fukushima Prefecture,Japan[J].Journal of Radiation Research,2015,56(S1):24-28
[42]彭赞平,陶宏婷,廖小立,等.实验红鲫对Cs-137辐射的氧化应激响应[J].实验动物科学,2016,33(2):6-13Peng Z P,Tao H T,Liao X L,et al.Oxidative stress response to Cs-137 radiation in red crucian carps[J].Laboratory Animal Science,2016,33(2):6-13(in Chinese)
[43]Gilbin R,Alonzo F,Garnier-laplace J.Effects of chronic external gamma irradiation on growth and reproductive success of Daphnia magna[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2008,99(1):134-145
[44]Knowles J F,Greenwood L N.The effects of chronic irradiation on the reproductive performance of Ophryotrocha diadema(Polychaeta,Dorvilleidae)[J].Marine Environmental Research,1994,38(3):207-224
[45]Alamri O D,Cundy A B,Di Y,et al.Ionizing radiationinduced DNA damage response identified in marine mussels,Mytilus sp.[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,168:107-112
[46]Batlle J V I,Balonov M,Beaugelin-Seiller K,et al.Intercomparison of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota[J].Radiation and Environmental Biophysics,2007,46(4):349-373
[47]Hosseini A,Th?rring H,Brown J E,et al.Transfer of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems-default concentration ratios for aquatic biota in the Erica Tool[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2008,99(9):1408
[48]Rose K.Effects of ionising radiation on plants and animals at levels implied by current radiation protection standards:International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna,Technical Report Series No.332,74 pp.ISBN 920100992 5.Price 280 Austrian Schillings,1992[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,1993,18(2):175-176
[49]唐文乔,潘自强,夏益华,等.核电站放射性液态流出物对大亚湾海洋生物所致的辐射剂量率[J].科学通报,1999,44(17):1846-1850
[50]林武辉,陈立奇,余雯,等.海洋生物辐射剂量评价方法及应用[C].平潭:福建省海洋学会学术年会暨福建省科协学术年会分会场,2014:326-334
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |