急性镉暴露对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育的毒性效应
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摘要
为研究急性镉暴露对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)早期胚胎发育的毒性效应,设置了6个镉浓度组(0,4.44,8.90,17.80,26.70,35.60μmol/L),分别对2,6,10,24 hpf(hour post-fertilization)胚胎进行了检测,分析了镉暴露后各个发育阶段胚胎死亡率和畸形率的变化,以及MDA含量和SOD活性的改变。结果显示,2 hpf的胚胎在不同浓度镉暴露下其死亡率未见明显变化(P>0.05),而6,10,24 hpf的胚胎在镉浓度高于8.90μmol/L时其死亡率极显著增加(P<0.01);畸形表型统计分析显示,镉浓度高于8.90μmol/L时,2,6,10,24 hpf胚胎畸形率均极显著性升高(P<0.01)。进一步检测2,24 hpf胚胎的MDA含量和SOD活性,结果表明,镉暴露后早期胚胎MDA含量均随镉浓度升高逐渐增加,尤其在较高浓度组(17.80,35.60μmol/L)显著高于对照组;而SOD活性随镉浓度升高发生显著变化。由此推断,急性镉暴露对早期斑马鱼胚胎发育具有较强的毒性作用,并造成了严重的氧化损伤。
To investigate the toxic effects of acute cadmium exposure on early embryonic development of zebrafish(Danio rerio), six cadmium concentrations(0, 4.44, 8.90, 17.80, 26.70, 35.60 μmol/L)were set up. The mortality and deformity rates of zebrafish embryos at 2, 6, 10, 24 hpf(hour post fertilization)were analyzed after cadmium exposure, as well as the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected. The results showed that mortality rates of embryos at 2 hpf had no significant change after cadmium exposure(P>0.05), while the 6, 10, 24 hpf showed a significant increase when cadmium concentration was higher than 8.90 μmol/L(P<0.01). Statistical analysis of deformed phenotype of embryos indicated that the embryonic deformity rates of embryos were increased significantly when cadmium concentration was higher than 8.90 μmol/L(P<0.01). Furthermore, the MDA content of early embryos increased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the SOD activity changed significantly after cadmium exposure. These results suggested that acute cadmium exposure affected early embryonic development of zebrafish, and caused severe oxidative damage to its development.
To investigate the toxic effects of acute cadmium exposure on early embryonic development of zebrafish(Danio rerio), six cadmium concentrations(0, 4.44, 8.90, 17.80, 26.70, 35.60 μmol/L)were set up. The mortality and deformity rates of zebrafish embryos at 2, 6, 10, 24 hpf(hour post fertilization)were analyzed after cadmium exposure, as well as the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected. The results showed that mortality rates of embryos at 2 hpf had no significant change after cadmium exposure(P>0.05), while the 6, 10, 24 hpf showed a significant increase when cadmium concentration was higher than 8.90 μmol/L(P<0.01). Statistical analysis of deformed phenotype of embryos indicated that the embryonic deformity rates of embryos were increased significantly when cadmium concentration was higher than 8.90 μmol/L(P<0.01). Furthermore, the MDA content of early embryos increased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the SOD activity changed significantly after cadmium exposure. These results suggested that acute cadmium exposure affected early embryonic development of zebrafish, and caused severe oxidative damage to its development.
引文
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[24]HSU T,HUANG K M,TSAI H T,et al.Cadmium(Cd)-induced oxidative stress down-regulates the gene expression of DNA mismatch recognition proteins MutS homolog 2(MSH2)and MSH6 in zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2013,126:9-16.
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[2]THOMPSON J,BANNIGAN J.Cadmium:Toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo[J].Reproductive Toxicology,2008,25(3):304-315.
[3]SIU E R,MRUK D D,PORTO C S,et al.Cadmium-induced testicular injury[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2009,238(3):240-249.
[4]L魷PEZ E,ARCE C,OSET-GASQUE M J,et al.Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in cortical neurons in culture[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2006,40(6):940-951.
[5]PATHAK N,KHANDELWAL S.Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in murine splenocytes exposed to cadmium[J].Toxicology,2006,220(1):26-36.
[6]QU R,WANG X,WANG Z,et al.Metal accumulation and antioxi dant defenses in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus in response to single and combined exposure to cadmium and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,275(2):89-98.
[7]JANCS譫Z,HERMESZ E.Impact of acute arsenic and cadmium exposure on the expression of two haeme oxygenase genes and other antioxidant markers in common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Journal of Applied Toxicology,2015,35(3):310-318.
[8]WANG L,XU T,LEI W W,et al.Cadmium-Induced oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in the testis of freshwater crab,Sinopotamon henanense[J].Plos One,2011,6(11):e27853.
[9]HO T N,SUNG S T,HUANG K M,et al.Comparative Effects of mercury(II)and cadmium on MutS Homolog 6(MSH6)-mediated DNA mismatch Binding activities in zebrafish(Danio rerio)Embryos[J].Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,2016,29(11):513-520.
[10]JIN Y,LIU Z,LIU F,et al.Embryonic exposure to cadmium(II)and chromium(VI)induce behavioral alterations,oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in zebrafish(Danio rerio)[J].Neurotoxicology and Teratology,2015,48:9-17.
[11]鲁疆,王占洋,袁玉婷,等.氯化镉对斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(3):381-388.
[12]韩建,彭维兵,韩利文,等.铜、汞和铅对斑马鱼仔鱼肝脏发育的影响[J].山东科学,2016,29(5):54-59.
[13]BRAUNBCCK T,B魶TTCHER M.OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals[EB/OL].[2013-11-21].http:/www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/36817242.pdf.
[14]ZHANG T,ZHOU X Y,MA X F,et al.Mechanisms of cadmium-caused eye hypoplasia and hypopigmentation in zebrafish embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2015,167:68-76.
[15]JIN Y,LIU Z,LIU F,et al.Embryonic exposure to cadmium(II)and chromium(VI)induce behavioral alterations,oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in zebrafish(Danio rerio)[J].Neurotoxicology and Teratology,2015,48:9-17.
[16]LUCKENBACH T,KILIAN M,TRIEBSKORN R,et al.Fish early life stage tests as a tool to assess embryotoxic potentials in small streams[J].Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery,2001,8(3/4):355-370.
[17]MCKIM J M.Evaluation of tests with early life stages of fish for predicting long term toxicity[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1977,34(8):1148-1154.
[18]CHENG S H,WAI A W K,SO C H,et al.Cellular and molecular basis of cadmium induced deformities in zebrafish embryos[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2010,19(12):3024-3031.
[19]辛琦,章强,程金平.纳米银和银离子对斑马鱼胚胎早期生长发育的影响及作用机制[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(4):55-64.
[20]杨晓梅,谭志军,苑怡,等.乙草胺对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)早期胚胎发育的影响[J].动物学报,2001(Z1):125-130.
[21]ZHAO X,WANG S,WU Y,et al.Acute ZnO nanoparticles exposure induces developmental toxicity,oxidative stress and DNAdamage in embryo-larval zebrafish[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2013,136/137(14):49-59.
[22]BAR-ILAN O,LOUIS K M,YANG S P,et al.Titanium dioxide nanoparticles produce phototoxicity in the developing zebrafish[J].Nanotoxicology,2012,6(6):670-679.
[23]熊道文,方涛,陈旭东,等.纳米材料对斑马鱼的氧化损伤及应激效应研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(5):1320-1327.
[24]HSU T,HUANG K M,TSAI H T,et al.Cadmium(Cd)-induced oxidative stress down-regulates the gene expression of DNA mismatch recognition proteins MutS homolog 2(MSH2)and MSH6 in zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryos[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2013,126:9-16.
[25]JIN Y F,SHI W L,ZHANG X D.Effects of combined LAS,Cd2+pollution on the activities of SOD and Na+-K+-ATPase in the gill and liver of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural U-niversity,2009,44(3):16-21.
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