贵州遵义五峰组—龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙特征及其对含气性控制——以安页1井为例
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摘要
黔北安场向斜为我国南方页岩气勘查复杂构造区。为深入研究页岩微观孔隙特征及对含气性的影响,以贵州遵义安页1井上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,通过氩离子抛光扫描电镜、N_2低温低压吸附实验及有机地化、岩矿分析等配套实验,刻画了海相页岩储层微观孔隙类型、结构及对含气性的控制作用。五峰—龙马溪组页岩存在多种微纳米孔隙,以有机孔和微裂缝最为发育。页岩主要为纳米孔隙,微米孔隙多被方解石充填;有机质孔隙为龙马溪组页岩的主要孔隙类型,微裂缝为五峰组页岩的主要孔隙类型。N_2吸附—脱附等温线有2种:Ⅳ型-H4滞后环和Ⅴ型-H3滞后环,为平板结构的狭缝孔;BET比表面积介于7.87～14.83㎡/g,BJH总孔容介于0.002 6～0.005 2 cm~3/g,以介孔为主,平均孔径集中在2～5 nm。纵向上,微观孔隙对安页1井五峰—龙马溪组页岩的含气量有显著控制作用,页岩吸附量与TOC正相关,含气量与其他参数无明显对应关系;横向上,通过与焦石坝五峰—龙马溪组页岩对比,安页1井在页岩厚度、孔渗及孔喉直径上存在差异,是影响储层含气性的关键因素。通过安页1井单井分析,显示黔北安场向斜五峰—龙马溪组地质条件优越,具有较好的页岩气勘探前景。
The Anchang syncline is a complex tectonic area for shale gas exploration in South China, located in the northern part of Guizhou Province. The shale of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in the well Anye 1 in Zunyi area of Guizhou Province was studied using argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy, N_2 low-temperature low-pressure adsorption experiments and organic geochemical, rock and mineral analysis and other supporting experiments to portray microscopic pore type, structure and their controls on the gas content of marine shale reservoirs. There are many kinds of micro and nano pores in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale, and organic pores and micro cracks are the most abundant. The shale hosts mainly nano pores, and the micro pores are mostly filled with calcite. Organic pores are the main pore types of the Longmaxi shale, and micro cracks are the main pore types of the Wufeng shale. There are two kinds of N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms: type IV-H_4 hysteresis loop and type V-H_3 hysteresis loop, which are slit pores with a flat structure. The BET specific surface area is between 7.87 and 14.83 m~2/g, the total pore volume of BJH is between 0.002 6 and 0.005 2 cm~3/g, mainly mesopores, and the average pore diameter is concentrated at 2-5 nm. In the longitudinal direction, microscopic pores have a significant control on the gas content of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the well Anye 1. The shale adsorption amount is positively correlated with the TOC content, and the other parameters have no obvious correspondence with the gas content. Compared with the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Jiaoshiba area,
The Anchang syncline is a complex tectonic area for shale gas exploration in South China, located in the northern part of Guizhou Province. The shale of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in the well Anye 1 in Zunyi area of Guizhou Province was studied using argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy, N_2 low-temperature low-pressure adsorption experiments and organic geochemical, rock and mineral analysis and other supporting experiments to portray microscopic pore type, structure and their controls on the gas content of marine shale reservoirs. There are many kinds of micro and nano pores in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale, and organic pores and micro cracks are the most abundant. The shale hosts mainly nano pores, and the micro pores are mostly filled with calcite. Organic pores are the main pore types of the Longmaxi shale, and micro cracks are the main pore types of the Wufeng shale. There are two kinds of N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherms: type IV-H_4 hysteresis loop and type V-H_3 hysteresis loop, which are slit pores with a flat structure. The BET specific surface area is between 7.87 and 14.83 m~2/g, the total pore volume of BJH is between 0.002 6 and 0.005 2 cm~3/g, mainly mesopores, and the average pore diameter is concentrated at 2-5 nm. In the longitudinal direction, microscopic pores have a significant control on the gas content of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the well Anye 1. The shale adsorption amount is positively correlated with the TOC content, and the other parameters have no obvious correspondence with the gas content. Compared with the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Jiaoshiba area,
引文
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[2] 葛岩,万欢,黄志龙,等.页岩气储层微观孔隙结构影响因素及“三元”耦合控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(5):17-23. GE Yan,WAN Huan,HUANG Zhilong,et al.Influencing factors and three-element coupled control on microscopic pore structure in shale gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(5):17-23.
[3] 张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征:以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119. ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.Quantitative characterization of microscopic pore throat structure in tight sandstone oil reservoirs:a case study of Chang7 reservoir in Xin’anbian oil field, Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(1):112-119.
[4] 任岚,傅燕鸣,胡永全,等.基于LBM页岩微观尺度气体流动模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(3):70-75. REN Lan,FU Yanming,HU Yongquan,et al.Simulation of Microscopic gas flowing in shale based on LBM[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(3):70-75.
[5] 聂海宽,马鑫,余川,等.川东下侏罗统自流井组页岩储层特征及勘探潜力评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):438-447. NIE Haikuan,MA Xin,YU Chuan,et al.Shale gas reservoir characteristics and its exploration potential-analysis on the Lower Jurassic shale in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geo-logy,2017,38(3):438-447.
[6] 朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.昭通示范区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及吸附能力[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):1-6,15. ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and methane adsorption capacity of shale in the Longmaxi Formation in the Zhaotong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(4):1-6.
[7] 隋青林.四川威远地区九老洞组页岩微观非均质性[J].断块油气田,2017,24(1):15-20. SUI Qinglin.Micro heterogeneity of Jiulaodong Formation shale, Weiyuan Area,Sichuan[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2017,24(1):15-20.
[8] JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[9] 张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18. ZHANG Jinchuan,JIN Zhijun,YUAN Mingsheng.Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):15-18.
[10] CURTIS J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[11] 程超,白小军,林海宇,等.川南龙马溪组深层页岩气储层吸附气含量计算方法研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(4):1-6. CHENG Chao,BAI Xiaojun,LIN Haining,et al.Study on the calculation of adsorption gas content of Longmaxi Formation deep shale reservoir in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(4):1-6.
[12] 魏明强,段永刚,方全堂,等.页岩气藏孔渗结构特征和渗流机理研究现状[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(4):73-77. WEI Mingqiang,DUAN Yonggang,FANG Quantang,et al.Current research situation of porosity & permeability characteristics and seepage mechanism of shale gas reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,1(4):73-77.
[13] 王社教,杨涛,张国生,等.页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):94-100. WANG Shejiao,YANG Tao,ZHANG Guosheng,et al.Shale gas enrichment factors and the selection and evaluation of the core area[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):94-100.
[14] 聂海宽,边瑞康,张培先,等.川东南地区下古生界页岩储层微观类型与特征及其对含气量的影响[J].地学前缘,2014,21(4):331-343. NIE Haikuan,BIAN Ruikang,ZHANG Peixian,et al.Micro-types and characteristics of shale reservoir of the Lower Paleozoic in southeast Sichuan Basin,and their effects on the gas content[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(4):331-343.
[15] 陈生蓉,帅琴,高强,等.基于扫描电镜—氮气吸脱附和压汞法的页岩孔隙结构研究[J].岩矿测试,2015,34(6):636-642. CHEN Shengrong,SHUAI Qin,GAO Qiang,et al.Analysis of the pore structure of shale in Ordos Basin by SEM with nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2015,34(6):636-642.
[16] LI Yong,TANG Dazhen,WU Peng,et al.Continuous unconventional natural gas accumulations of Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata in the Linxing area,northeastern Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,36:314-327.
[17] 朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.低温氩气吸附实验在页岩储层微观孔隙结构表征中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(4):559-565. ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Microscopic pore structure characteristics of shale reservoir based on low-temperature argon adsorption experiments[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(4):559-565.
[18] 严强,张云峰,付航,等.运用高压压汞及扫描电镜多尺度表征致密砂岩储层微纳米级孔喉特征:以渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷义176区块沙四段致密砂岩储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(2):280-287. YAN Qiang,ZHANG Yunfeng,FU Hang,et al.High pressure mercury injection and scanning electron microscopy applied to characterize micro- and nano-scale pore throats in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Yi176 block, Zhanhua Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(2):280-287.
[19] 邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864. ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[20] MILNER M,MCLIN R,PETRIELLO J,et al.Imaging texture and porosity in mudstones and shales:comparison of secondary and ion-milled backscatter SEM methods[C]//Proceedings of the Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference.Calgary,Alberta,Canada:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010.
[21] LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(12):848-861.
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