我国喀斯特石漠化地区林下经济种植模式及问题分析
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摘要
由于我国喀斯特石漠化地区人地矛盾突出、林地与土地利用率低、森林生态系统破坏严重,改善喀斯特地区森林生态系统的经济功能、防控石漠化恶性演替仍是当下亟需解决的艰巨任务。林下种植是一种经典的立体复合林业生产经营方式,能够实现林地资源最大利用化、缓解人多地少的矛盾、推动区域经济循环可持续发展、保障林农经济效益稳步增长,最终达到林业经济、农业发展和生态建设同步优化的目标。文中主要分析了喀斯特石漠化地区8种代表性林下种植模式的特征、效益及不足,并提出各林下种植模式关于结构优化升级、调整改善方面的核心对策,以期为喀斯特地区石漠化治理与林业发展提供理论支持与借鉴,确保生态、经济、社会效益的同步优化。
The fragile ecological environment of karst rocky desertification area in China, which causes the prominent contradiction between man and land, the low utilization ratio of forestland and other land, and the seriously damaged forest ecosystem, demands the improvement of the economic function of forest ecosystem and the control of the malignant succession of rocky desertification, which are difficult tasks urgently to be solved. Understory planting is a classical way of vertical and compound production and management of forests, which can maximize the utilization of forest land resources, alleviate the contradiction of more people and less land, promote the sustainable and circular development of regional economy, and ensure the steady increase of economic benefits of forest farmers, and can eventually achieve the objectives of synchronic optimization of forestry economy, agricultural development and ecological amelioration. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics, benefits and defects of 8 typical understory planting patterns in karst rocky desertification areas, and comes up with the core countermeasures for structural optimization and upgrading, adjustment and improvement of the understory planting patterns. This study is to provide theoretical support and reference for rocky desertification control and forestry development in karst area for ensuring the simultaneous optimization of ecological, economic and social benefits.
The fragile ecological environment of karst rocky desertification area in China, which causes the prominent contradiction between man and land, the low utilization ratio of forestland and other land, and the seriously damaged forest ecosystem, demands the improvement of the economic function of forest ecosystem and the control of the malignant succession of rocky desertification, which are difficult tasks urgently to be solved. Understory planting is a classical way of vertical and compound production and management of forests, which can maximize the utilization of forest land resources, alleviate the contradiction of more people and less land, promote the sustainable and circular development of regional economy, and ensure the steady increase of economic benefits of forest farmers, and can eventually achieve the objectives of synchronic optimization of forestry economy, agricultural development and ecological amelioration. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics, benefits and defects of 8 typical understory planting patterns in karst rocky desertification areas, and comes up with the core countermeasures for structural optimization and upgrading, adjustment and improvement of the understory planting patterns. This study is to provide theoretical support and reference for rocky desertification control and forestry development in karst area for ensuring the simultaneous optimization of ecological, economic and social benefits.
引文
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[16]和立宣,宗兴梅,赵丽雪,等.林果间套种小杂粮(豆)主要模式及种植技术[J].云南农业,2016(6):22-23.
[17]黄佳成.黑龙江省林区居民林下经济模式选择研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[18]韩锋.林下经济发展及对林农影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[19]密余华.林下药材种植存在的问题及发展对策[J].北京农业,2015(18):52.
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[21]THEVATHASAN N V,GORDON A M.Ecology of tree intercropping systems in the north temperate region:experiences from southern Ontario,Canada[J].Agroforestry Systems,2004,61/62(1/2/3):257-268.
[22]ZHAO X,ZHAO Y.Development plan for under-forest economy of Henan province based on central plains economic region[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2016,8(2):34-38.
[23]雷会雄.南雄市林下经济发展现状与建议[J].绿色科技,2016(5):190-191.
[24]周杨,苗雨露,孙志蓉.我国林药林菌经济模式发展现状及其优势分析[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(1):97-101.
[25]张皓东,李振,文清.云南省林菌产业发展现状及动力机制研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(9):181-184,203.
[26]INGRAO C,BACENETTI J,BEZAMA A,et al.Agricultural and forest biomass for food,materials and energy:bio-economy as the cornerstone to cleaner production and more sustainable consumption patterns for accelerating the transition towards equitable,sustainable,post fossil-carbon societies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,117:4-6.
[27]黄鑫龙.不同人工植被恢复模式对山核桃林地土壤理化性质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[28]张惠敏.贵州省都匀市林下经济发展模式及相关实例研究[J].林业科技,2016,41(2):54-57.
[29]任勇峰.核桃产业化发展现状与核桃林下种植模式的探讨:以栗家庄乡为例[J].农业开发与装备,2015(8):9.
[30]YANG L W,XIE W N,MIN L I.Development trend analysis of under-forest economy in China based on bibliometrics[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(5):207-209.
[31]王玲.四川省林下经济发展现状与对策建议[J].四川林业科技,2013,34(4):96-99.
[32]洪彧,古亚华.四川林下经济发展策略探析[J].四川林勘设计,2017(2):86-88.
[33]马跃,刘志龙,虞木奎,等.不同郁闭度林茶复合模式对茶树光合日变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):52-56.
[34]刘鑫,傅松玲,江文秀.林茶间作栽培模式对有机茶品质的影响[J].园艺与种苗,2015(7):1-3.
[35]张惠敏.贵州省都匀市林下经济发展模式及相关实例研究[J].林业科技,2016,41(2):54-57.
[36]曹玉昆,雷礼纲,张瑾瑾.我国林下经济集约经营现状及建议[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(6):60-64.
[37]喻阳华,余杨,杨苏茂,等.中国喀斯特高原山地区抗冻耐旱型植被退化现状及恢复对策[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):72-75.
[38]王猛.黑龙江省柴河林业局林下经济发展问题研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[39]陈幸良,巨茜,林昆仑.中国人工林发展现状、问题与对策[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(6):54-59.
[40]黄乙芸.安徽省林下经济发展现状与对策[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[41]郭子良,王清春,崔国发.我国自然保护区功能区划现状与展望[J].世界林业研究,2016,29(5):59-64.
[42]GU X J.Studies on the mode of under-forest economy and the development countermeasure of under-forest industry[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2008,24(3):21-24.
[43]杨苏茂,熊康宁,喻阳华,等.我国喀斯特石漠化地区林草植被恢复模式的诊断与调整[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(3):91-96.
[2]苏潇.林下经济发展分析与评价初探[D].福州:福建农林大学,2016.
[3]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.
[4]苏维词.中国西南岩溶山区石漠化的现状成因及治理的优化模式[J].水土保持学报,2002(2):29-32,79.
[5]蔡道雄,卢立华.浅谈石漠化治理的对策及造林技术措施[J].世界林业研究,2002,15(2):76-80.
[6]喻阳华,余杨,杨苏茂,等.植物生态适应性特征及关键种选择研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2016,29(6):38-42.
[7]颜萍,熊康宁,檀迪,等.喀斯特石漠化治理不同水土保持模式的生态效应研究[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(1):1-7,21.
[8]LIU X.Several modes of developing under-forest economy[J].Forestry Science & Technology Information,2007,39(2):18-19.
[9]WANG H.Study on the under-forest economy industrial design and planning in Hebei[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(13):7041-7043.
[10]BOGDANSKI B E C.Canada's boreal forest economy:economic and socio-economic issues and research opportunities[R].Canadian Forest Service Information Report-Pacific Forestry Centre,2008.
[11]张思敏.伊春市林下经济发展影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[12]HUMPHREY J W,DAVEY S,PEACE A J,et al.Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain:the influence of site type,stand structure and deadwood[J].Biological Conservation,2002,107(2):165-180.
[13]王瑞华,葛晓敏,唐罗忠.林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):43-48.
[14]HOU F M,WU J,LI H X,et al.Analysis on the development of Chinese under-forest economy and its effect on the increase of farmers’ income[J].Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences & Cryptography,2017,20(6/7):1263-1268.
[15]孙田田.贵州省从江县林粮共作模式可持续性分析[J].北京农业,2012(33):100.
[16]和立宣,宗兴梅,赵丽雪,等.林果间套种小杂粮(豆)主要模式及种植技术[J].云南农业,2016(6):22-23.
[17]黄佳成.黑龙江省林区居民林下经济模式选择研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[18]韩锋.林下经济发展及对林农影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[19]密余华.林下药材种植存在的问题及发展对策[J].北京农业,2015(18):52.
[20]张槐安.论把林下经济培育成西部林业新经济增长点:以贵州毕节试验区为例[C]//第十五届中国科协年会第19分会场:中国西部生态林业和民生林业与科技创新学术研讨会论文集.中国科学技术协会,贵州省人民政府,2013.
[21]THEVATHASAN N V,GORDON A M.Ecology of tree intercropping systems in the north temperate region:experiences from southern Ontario,Canada[J].Agroforestry Systems,2004,61/62(1/2/3):257-268.
[22]ZHAO X,ZHAO Y.Development plan for under-forest economy of Henan province based on central plains economic region[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2016,8(2):34-38.
[23]雷会雄.南雄市林下经济发展现状与建议[J].绿色科技,2016(5):190-191.
[24]周杨,苗雨露,孙志蓉.我国林药林菌经济模式发展现状及其优势分析[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(1):97-101.
[25]张皓东,李振,文清.云南省林菌产业发展现状及动力机制研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(9):181-184,203.
[26]INGRAO C,BACENETTI J,BEZAMA A,et al.Agricultural and forest biomass for food,materials and energy:bio-economy as the cornerstone to cleaner production and more sustainable consumption patterns for accelerating the transition towards equitable,sustainable,post fossil-carbon societies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,117:4-6.
[27]黄鑫龙.不同人工植被恢复模式对山核桃林地土壤理化性质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[28]张惠敏.贵州省都匀市林下经济发展模式及相关实例研究[J].林业科技,2016,41(2):54-57.
[29]任勇峰.核桃产业化发展现状与核桃林下种植模式的探讨:以栗家庄乡为例[J].农业开发与装备,2015(8):9.
[30]YANG L W,XIE W N,MIN L I.Development trend analysis of under-forest economy in China based on bibliometrics[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(5):207-209.
[31]王玲.四川省林下经济发展现状与对策建议[J].四川林业科技,2013,34(4):96-99.
[32]洪彧,古亚华.四川林下经济发展策略探析[J].四川林勘设计,2017(2):86-88.
[33]马跃,刘志龙,虞木奎,等.不同郁闭度林茶复合模式对茶树光合日变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):52-56.
[34]刘鑫,傅松玲,江文秀.林茶间作栽培模式对有机茶品质的影响[J].园艺与种苗,2015(7):1-3.
[35]张惠敏.贵州省都匀市林下经济发展模式及相关实例研究[J].林业科技,2016,41(2):54-57.
[36]曹玉昆,雷礼纲,张瑾瑾.我国林下经济集约经营现状及建议[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(6):60-64.
[37]喻阳华,余杨,杨苏茂,等.中国喀斯特高原山地区抗冻耐旱型植被退化现状及恢复对策[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):72-75.
[38]王猛.黑龙江省柴河林业局林下经济发展问题研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[39]陈幸良,巨茜,林昆仑.中国人工林发展现状、问题与对策[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(6):54-59.
[40]黄乙芸.安徽省林下经济发展现状与对策[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[41]郭子良,王清春,崔国发.我国自然保护区功能区划现状与展望[J].世界林业研究,2016,29(5):59-64.
[42]GU X J.Studies on the mode of under-forest economy and the development countermeasure of under-forest industry[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2008,24(3):21-24.
[43]杨苏茂,熊康宁,喻阳华,等.我国喀斯特石漠化地区林草植被恢复模式的诊断与调整[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(3):91-96.
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