长期氮、磷添加对青藏高原2种高寒草甸植物光合特性的影响
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摘要
2015、2016年在中国科学院海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究海北站,选取矮蒿草中2种典型的优势物种披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)为材料,以不添加氮(N)、磷(P)为对照(CK),研究每年分别添加N 10 g/m~2、P 5 g/m~2及其NP合施对披碱草、麻花艽光合指标的影响。结果表明,添加N,2015、2016年披碱草叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率均小于CK,2015年,麻花艽的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度高于CK;添加NP,2015、2016年,2种高寒草甸植物的净光合作用速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率较CK多有不同程度的增加;单纯添加P,披碱草的表观量子效率较CK升高,单纯添加N,麻花艽的光饱和点较CK升高,而添加NP,披碱草的光补偿点、最大光合速率较CK增加;添加N、P、NP,2种高寒草甸植物叶片的最大羧化速率(V_(cmax))、RuBP再生能力(J_(max))较CK多有不同程度的增加,麻花艽的V_(cmax)值高于披碱草。
引文
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[23]Gastal F,Lemaire G.N uptake and distribution in crops:an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(370):789-799.
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[29]Warren C R,Adams P R.Uptake of nitrate,ammonium and glycine by plants of Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests[J].Tree Physiology,2007,27(3):413-419.
[30]Reich P B,Oleksyn J,Wright I J.Leaf phosphorus influences the photosynthesis-nitrogen relation:a cross-biome analysis of 314 species[J].Oecologia,2009,160(2):207-212.
[31]吉艳芝,陈立新,薛宝民,等.施肥对落叶松人工林植物养分及生理特性的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):217-219.
[32]徐振锋,胡庭兴,张力,等.青藏高原东缘林线交错带糙皮桦幼苗光合特性对模拟增温的短期响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(3):263-270.
[2]刘东生.全球变化和可持续发展科学[J].地学前缘,2002,9(1):1-9.
[3]Lu C Q,Tian H Q.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:synthesis of observational data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2007,112(D22):S05.
[4]Elser J J,Bracken M E,Cleland E E,et al.Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater,marine and terrestrial ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(12):1135-1142.
[5]Saugier B,Roy J,Mooney H A.Terrestrial global productivity:past,present and future[M].San Diego:Academic Press,2001:89-91.
[6]Scurlock,O J M,Johnson,et al.Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8:736-753.
[7]杨晓霞,任飞,周华坤,等.青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):159-166.
[8]毛晋花,邢亚娟,马宏宇,等.氮沉降对植物生长的影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):42-48.
[9]武丹丹,井新,林笠,等.青藏高原高寒草甸土壤无机氮对增温和降水改变的响应[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):959-966.
[10]潘新丽.模拟增温对川西亚高山人工云杉林土壤碳含量和土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态研究,2008,19(8):1637-1643.
[11]徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,等.青藏高原高寒草甸生物量动态变化及与环境因子的关系——基于模拟增温实验[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5759-5767.
[12]宗宁,段呈,耿守保,等.增温施氮对高寒草甸生产力及生物量分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018(1):59-67.
[13]李娜,王根绪,杨燕,等.短期增温对青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落结构和生物量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):895-905.
[14]赵建中,刘伟,周玉碧.模拟增温对矮嵩草草甸莎草科功能群植物的影响[J].青海草业,2012,21(2):2-7,18.
[15]Farquhar G D,von Caemmerer S,Berry J A.A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species[J].Planta,1980,149(1):78-90.
[16]Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiol,1982,33:317-346.
[17]Blum A.Effective use of water(EUW)and not water-use efficiency(WUE)is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress[J].Field Crops Research,2009,112(2):119-123.
[18]Farquhar G D.O’Leary M H,Berry J A.On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves[J].Functional Plant Biology,1982,9(2):281-292.
[19]吴楚,王政权,范志强.氮素形态处理下水曲柳幼苗养分吸收利用与生长及养分分配与生物量分配的关系[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1282-1290.
[20]Lebauer D S,Treseder K K.Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed[J].Ecology,2008,89(2):371-379.
[21]李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.模拟氮沉降对三种南亚热带树苗生长和光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):876-882.
[22]翟占伟,龚吉蕊,罗亲普,等.氮添加对内蒙古温带草原羊草光合特性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(2):196-208.
[23]Gastal F,Lemaire G.N uptake and distribution in crops:an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(370):789-799.
[24]Tang Y L,Wen X G,Lu Q T,et al.Heat stress induces an aggregation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅱ in spinach plants[J].Plant Physiology,2007,143(2):629-638.
[25]Benon H J,Bielski,Chan P C.Enzyme-catalyzed free radical reactions with nicotinamide-adenine nucleotides:Ⅰ.Lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed chain oxidation of bound NADH by superoxide radicals[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1973,159(2):873-879.
[26]Jacob J,Lawlor D W.Dependence of photosynthesis of sunflower and maize leaves on phosphate supply,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity,and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate pool size[J].Plant Physiology,1992,98(3):801-807.
[27]Conroy J P,Smillie R M,Kuppers M.Chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic and growth responses of pinus radiata to phosphorus deficiency,drought stress,and high CO2[J].Plant Physiology,1986,81(2):423-429.
[28]Jacob J,Lawlor D W.Extreme phosphate deficiency decreases the in vivo CO2/O2 specificity factor of ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in intact leaves of sunflower[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1993,44(268):1635-1641.
[29]Warren C R,Adams P R.Uptake of nitrate,ammonium and glycine by plants of Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests[J].Tree Physiology,2007,27(3):413-419.
[30]Reich P B,Oleksyn J,Wright I J.Leaf phosphorus influences the photosynthesis-nitrogen relation:a cross-biome analysis of 314 species[J].Oecologia,2009,160(2):207-212.
[31]吉艳芝,陈立新,薛宝民,等.施肥对落叶松人工林植物养分及生理特性的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):217-219.
[32]徐振锋,胡庭兴,张力,等.青藏高原东缘林线交错带糙皮桦幼苗光合特性对模拟增温的短期响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(3):263-270.
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