泉州湾食用鱼中有机氯农药和多氯联苯污染状况与食用安全性的研究
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摘要
于2013年采集泉州湾海域10种食用鱼样品,分析其中的20种有机氯农药(OCPs)和28种多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量、组成、生物富集以及对人体健康的危害进行风险评估。结果显示,鱼体中OCPs和PCBs的浓度分别为(11.20～74.51)×10~(-9)和(4.48～20.44)×10~(-9 )(湿重),不同鱼种类中污染物含量差别较大,其中棱鮻和斑鰶体中OCPs和PCBs含量最高。鱼体中OCPs主要以DDTs为主,其他化合物含量均较低,且分子标志示踪来源显示,OCPs主要来源于历史残留;而PCBs主要以高氯代PCBs为主。泉州湾食用鱼对DDTs具有较强的富集能力;对PCBs的富集能力随着氯原子数的增加而增强,但氯原子数大于7时富集能力下降。评估显示,泉州湾鱼类体中PCBs的量可能会危及人体健康。并且,棱鮻、斑鰶、黄姑鱼、叫姑鱼、白姑鱼和四指马鲅的每日允许最大摄入量和每月最大允许餐数均低于安全阀值142.2 g/d和16餐/月,建议消费者不要过度食用这些海产品。
Residual levels,composition profiles,bioaccumulation and risk assessment of Organochlorine pesticides and Polychlorinated biphenyls were determined in ten species of edible fish at Quanzhou bay in 2013.Concentrations of OCPs and PCBs ranged from 11.20×10~(-9)～74.51×10~(-9) and 4.48×10~(-9)～20.44 ×10~(-9 )(wet weight),respectively.Different residual levels of OCPs and PCBs were determined in different fish species,exhibiting highest levels in Liza carinatus and konosirus punctatus.DDTs were the predominant components of OCPs,and the sources of OCPs were mainly derived from historical residue; and the high chlorinated PCBs were the predominant congeners of PCBs.The edible fishes in Quanzhou bay showed strong accumulation capacity to DDTs,and PCBs with less than seven chlorine atoms had higher bioaccumulation potentials with the increase of chlorine atom number,while PCBs with more than seven chlorine atoms were not considered bioaccumulative.The results of assessment showed that PCBs in edible fished from Quanzhou bay may endanger human health.Moreover,the daily dietary consumption of edible fishes and meals per month of Liza carinatus,konosirus punctatus,yellow croaker,Johnius,Argyrosomus and four barbudo were all lower than the safety threshold of 142.2 g/d and 16 meals/month,suggesting that consumers should not overeat these edible fishes.
Residual levels,composition profiles,bioaccumulation and risk assessment of Organochlorine pesticides and Polychlorinated biphenyls were determined in ten species of edible fish at Quanzhou bay in 2013.Concentrations of OCPs and PCBs ranged from 11.20×10~(-9)～74.51×10~(-9) and 4.48×10~(-9)～20.44 ×10~(-9 )(wet weight),respectively.Different residual levels of OCPs and PCBs were determined in different fish species,exhibiting highest levels in Liza carinatus and konosirus punctatus.DDTs were the predominant components of OCPs,and the sources of OCPs were mainly derived from historical residue; and the high chlorinated PCBs were the predominant congeners of PCBs.The edible fishes in Quanzhou bay showed strong accumulation capacity to DDTs,and PCBs with less than seven chlorine atoms had higher bioaccumulation potentials with the increase of chlorine atom number,while PCBs with more than seven chlorine atoms were not considered bioaccumulative.The results of assessment showed that PCBs in edible fished from Quanzhou bay may endanger human health.Moreover,the daily dietary consumption of edible fishes and meals per month of Liza carinatus,konosirus punctatus,yellow croaker,Johnius,Argyrosomus and four barbudo were all lower than the safety threshold of 142.2 g/d and 16 meals/month,suggesting that consumers should not overeat these edible fishes.
引文
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[2] NAKATA H,HIRAKAWA Y,WKAWAZOE M,et al.Concentrations and compositions of organochlorine contaminants in sediments,soils,crustaceans,fishes and birds collected from Lake Tai,Hangzhou Bay and Shanghai city region,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,133(3):415-429.
[3] XING Y,LU Y L,DAWSON R W,et al.A spatial temporal assessment of pollution from PCBs in China[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(6):731-739.
[4] CHEN W Q,ZHANG L P,XU L,et al.Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45(1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12):385-390.
[5] 丘耀文,张干,郭玲利,等.大亚湾海域典型有机氯农药生物累积特征及变化因素研究[J].海洋学报,2007,29(2):51-58.
[6] GONG X Y,QI S H,WANG Y X,et al.Historical contamination and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediment cores from Quanzhou Bay,Southeast China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(9):1434-1440.
[7] YANG D,QI S H,ZHANG J Q,et al.Organochlorine pesticides in soil,water and sediment along the Jinjiang River mainstream to Quanzhou Bay,southeast China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2013,89:59-65.
[8] 张家泉,祁士华,谭凌智,等.晋江流域表层土壤中有机氯农药分布特征及污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(9):2008-2013.
[9] 王教凯,赵宗山.珠江口典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)的研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):975-980.
[10] YANG N Q,MATSUDA M,KAWANO M,et al.PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in edible fish and shellfish from China[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(8):1342-1352.
[11] JIANG Q T,LEE T K M,CHEN K,et al.Human health risk assessment of organochlorines associated with fish consumption in a coastal city in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,136(1):155-165.
[12] BREIVIK K,SWEETMAN A,PACYNA J M,et al.Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners-a mass balance approach:1.Global production and consumption[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,290(1/2/3):181-198.
[13] QU C K,QI S H,YANG D,et al.Risk assessment and influence factors of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural soils of the hill region:a case study from Ningde,Southeast China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,149:43-51.
[14] XING G H,CHAN J K Y,LEUNG A O W,et al.Environmental impact and human exposure to PCBs in Guiyu,an electronic waste recycling site in China[J].Environment International,2009,35(1):76-82.
[15] 吴江平,管运涛,张荧,等.广东电子垃圾污染区水体底层鱼类对PCBs的富集效应[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):637-641.
[16] 刘金禄.泉州湾POPs污染现状分析及贝类食用安全性研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2013.
[17] 夏重欢.中国沿海地区海鱼体内持久性有机污染物痕量元素的污染水平以及对人类健康的风险评估[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2011.
[18] KELLY B C,GOBAS F A P C,MCLACHLAN M S.Intestinal absorption and biomagnification of organic contaminants in fish,wildlife,and humans[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23(10):2324-2336.
[19] 张安.海产品中POPs的暴露水平及其风险分析[D].大连:大连海事大学,2013.
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