珊瑚礁白化监测方法研究进展
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摘要
珊瑚礁是地球上生物多样性最丰富、最有价值的海洋生态系统,但其生态也非常脆弱。近年来,由于气候变化、过渡捕捞和环境污染等影响,全球珊瑚礁生态系统退化严重。其中,全球变暖、海表温度异常升高导致大量珊瑚白化,已成为全球珊瑚礁最大威胁,因此珊瑚礁的白化监测对于海洋生态系统管理、保护生物多样性具有重要意义。本文综述了国内外监测珊瑚礁白化的主要监测方法,将其总结归纳为三类:现场监测、生态监测和遥感监测方法,介绍和评述了各方法的原理及优缺点,并展望了监测珊瑚礁白化方法的发展前景。目前,通过海水温度预测珊瑚礁白化状况的监测方法应用最为广泛,但其监测精度还有待于提升。纵观全球,美国和澳大利亚对于珊瑚礁健康状况监测工作起步较早且已实现常规化运行,而我国相对起步较晚,监测手段落后。
Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse,valuable and fragile marine ecosystems on earth.In recent years,coral reefs around the world have been experienced bleaching resulting from anthropogenic activities,climate change and environmental pollution.Global warming and sea surface temperature anomaly induced coral bleaching events are the greatest threats to coral reefs.Coral reefs and associated tropical near-shore ecosystems have suffered massive,long-term decline in abundance,diversity,and habitat structure.Therefore,coral bleaching monitoring is of great importance to the management of marine ecosystem and the conservation of the biodiversity.This paper reviewed the monitoring methods of coral bleaching at home and abroad,which can be divided into three types,that is,in-situ observation,ecological monitoring and remote sensing monitoring methods.We introduced and commented briefly the principles,advantages and disadvantages of each method,and the development tendencies of the monitoring method in the near future were also given.Among the methods,the methodology based on remote sensed sea surface temperature has been the most widely used,but the accuracy of monitoring method needs to be improved for small scale coral bleaching.The monitoring of coral bleaching in the US and Australia started earlier and has been routinely operated in the world.In contrast,our country started relatively late and lagged behind in monitoring methods.
Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse,valuable and fragile marine ecosystems on earth.In recent years,coral reefs around the world have been experienced bleaching resulting from anthropogenic activities,climate change and environmental pollution.Global warming and sea surface temperature anomaly induced coral bleaching events are the greatest threats to coral reefs.Coral reefs and associated tropical near-shore ecosystems have suffered massive,long-term decline in abundance,diversity,and habitat structure.Therefore,coral bleaching monitoring is of great importance to the management of marine ecosystem and the conservation of the biodiversity.This paper reviewed the monitoring methods of coral bleaching at home and abroad,which can be divided into three types,that is,in-situ observation,ecological monitoring and remote sensing monitoring methods.We introduced and commented briefly the principles,advantages and disadvantages of each method,and the development tendencies of the monitoring method in the near future were also given.Among the methods,the methodology based on remote sensed sea surface temperature has been the most widely used,but the accuracy of monitoring method needs to be improved for small scale coral bleaching.The monitoring of coral bleaching in the US and Australia started earlier and has been routinely operated in the world.In contrast,our country started relatively late and lagged behind in monitoring methods.
引文
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[11] FABRICIUS K E,COOPER T F,HUMPHREY C,et al.Abioindicator system for water quality on inshore coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,65(4/5/6/7/8/9):320-332.
[12] SANTAVY DL,SUMMERS J K,ENGLE V D,et al.The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,100(1/2/3):129-152.
[13] YEE S H,SANTAVY D L,BARRON M G.Assessing the effects of disease and bleaching on Florida keys corals by fitting population models to data[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(7):1323-1332.
[14] YAMANO H,TAMURA M.Use of Landsat TM data and radiative transfer models for monitoring coral reef bleaching[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Sydney:IEEE,2001:2199-2201.
[15] YAMANO H,TAMURA M.Detection limits of coral reef bleaching by satellite remote sensing:simulation and data analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(1):86-103.
[16] HEDLEY J,ROELFSEMA C,KOETZ B,et al.Capability of the Sentinel 2 mission for tropical coral reef mapping and coral bleaching detection[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,120:145-155.
[17] KABIRI K,PRADHAN B,SAMIMI-NAMIN K,et al.Detecting coral bleaching,usingQuickBird multi-temporal data:a feasibility study at Kish Island,the Persian Gulf[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,117:273-281.
[18] HOLDEN H,LEDREW E.Hyperspectral identification of coral reef features[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,20(13):2545-2563.
[19] DALTON S J,CARROLL A G.Monitoringcoral health to determine coral bleaching response at high latitude eastern Australian reefs:an applied model for a changing climate[J].Diversity,2011,4(4):592-610.
[20] STRONG A E,LIU G,KIMURA T,et al.Detecting and monitoring 2001 coral reef bleaching events in Ryukyu Islands,Japan using satellite bleachingHotSpot remote sensing technique[C]//Proceedings of 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Toronto:IEEE,2002:237-239.
[21] LIU G,HERON S,EAKIN C,et al.Reef-scale thermal stress monitoring of coral ecosystems:new 5-km global products from NOAA coral reef watch[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(11):11579-11606.
[22] WETTLE M,DEKKER AG,BLONDEAU-PATISSIER D.Detecting the 2006 coral bleaching event at Keppel Isles using MERIS FR data:a feasibility study[R].Canberra:CSIRO Land and Water,2006:1-59.
[23] ZISKIN D C,AUBRECHT C,ELVIDGE C D,et al.Describing coral reef bleaching using very high spatial resolution satellite imagery:experimental methodology[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2011,5(1):053531.
[24] 吴钟解,王道儒,涂志刚,等.西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析[J].海洋学报,2011,33(4):140-146.
[25] HUGHES T P,KERRY J T,áLVAREZ-NORIEGA M,et al.Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals[J].Nature,2017,543(7645):373-377.
[2] WILKINSON C R,LINDéN O,CESAR H S J,et al.Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of 1998 coral mortality in the Indian Ocean:an ENSO impact and a warning of future change?[J].Ambio A Journal of the Human Environment,1999,28(2):188-196.
[3] BIRKELAND C.Coralreefs in the anthropocene[M]//BIRKELAND C.Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene.Dordrecht:Springer,2015:1-15.
[4] CRESSEY D.Coral crisis:great barrier reef bleaching is “the worst we’ve ever seen”[EB/OL].[2017-12-05].https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coral-crisis-great-barrier-reef-bleaching-is-the-worst-we-ve-ever-seen/
[5] 张乔民,赵美霞,王丽荣,等.世界珊瑚礁现状和威胁研究进展[J].广西科学,2017,24(5):435-440.
[6] NOAA Coral Reef Watch.Coral health chart[EB/OL].[2017-12-5].https://coralwatch.org/web/guest/coral-health-chart.
[7] SIEBECK U E,MARSHALL N J,KLüTER A,et al.Monitoring coral bleaching using acolour reference card[J].Coral Reefs,2006,25(3):453-460.
[8] OLADI M,SHOKRI M R,RAJABI-MAHAM H.Application of the coral health chart to determine bleaching status ofAcropora downingi in a subtropical coral reef[J].Ocean Science Journal,2017,52(2):267-275.
[9] 李元超,于洋,王道儒,等.原位监测技术在西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统中的应用[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(2):63-65.
[10] COOPER T F,GILMOUR J P,FABRICIUS K E.Bioindicators of changes in water quality on coral reefs:review and recommendations for monitoring programmes[J].Coral Reefs,2009,28(3):589-606.
[11] FABRICIUS K E,COOPER T F,HUMPHREY C,et al.Abioindicator system for water quality on inshore coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,65(4/5/6/7/8/9):320-332.
[12] SANTAVY DL,SUMMERS J K,ENGLE V D,et al.The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,100(1/2/3):129-152.
[13] YEE S H,SANTAVY D L,BARRON M G.Assessing the effects of disease and bleaching on Florida keys corals by fitting population models to data[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(7):1323-1332.
[14] YAMANO H,TAMURA M.Use of Landsat TM data and radiative transfer models for monitoring coral reef bleaching[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Sydney:IEEE,2001:2199-2201.
[15] YAMANO H,TAMURA M.Detection limits of coral reef bleaching by satellite remote sensing:simulation and data analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(1):86-103.
[16] HEDLEY J,ROELFSEMA C,KOETZ B,et al.Capability of the Sentinel 2 mission for tropical coral reef mapping and coral bleaching detection[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,120:145-155.
[17] KABIRI K,PRADHAN B,SAMIMI-NAMIN K,et al.Detecting coral bleaching,usingQuickBird multi-temporal data:a feasibility study at Kish Island,the Persian Gulf[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,117:273-281.
[18] HOLDEN H,LEDREW E.Hyperspectral identification of coral reef features[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,20(13):2545-2563.
[19] DALTON S J,CARROLL A G.Monitoringcoral health to determine coral bleaching response at high latitude eastern Australian reefs:an applied model for a changing climate[J].Diversity,2011,4(4):592-610.
[20] STRONG A E,LIU G,KIMURA T,et al.Detecting and monitoring 2001 coral reef bleaching events in Ryukyu Islands,Japan using satellite bleachingHotSpot remote sensing technique[C]//Proceedings of 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Toronto:IEEE,2002:237-239.
[21] LIU G,HERON S,EAKIN C,et al.Reef-scale thermal stress monitoring of coral ecosystems:new 5-km global products from NOAA coral reef watch[J].Remote Sensing,2014,6(11):11579-11606.
[22] WETTLE M,DEKKER AG,BLONDEAU-PATISSIER D.Detecting the 2006 coral bleaching event at Keppel Isles using MERIS FR data:a feasibility study[R].Canberra:CSIRO Land and Water,2006:1-59.
[23] ZISKIN D C,AUBRECHT C,ELVIDGE C D,et al.Describing coral reef bleaching using very high spatial resolution satellite imagery:experimental methodology[J].Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2011,5(1):053531.
[24] 吴钟解,王道儒,涂志刚,等.西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析[J].海洋学报,2011,33(4):140-146.
[25] HUGHES T P,KERRY J T,áLVAREZ-NORIEGA M,et al.Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals[J].Nature,2017,543(7645):373-377.
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