化学联合调控对设施番茄生长和水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为了探明保水剂(SAP)、黄腐酸(FA)两种化学制剂联合调控对设施番茄生长和水分利用效率的影响,根据施用SAP、FA的不同组合及灌溉定额的不同设置了:S、F、SF、SFL、CK 5个处理,进行了对比试验。结果表明:SAP和FA能显著促进番茄生长、提高土壤含水率、产量和水分利用效率。在灌水相同的情况下整个生育期内SF处理的土壤含水率最高,较S、F、CK处理平均增加5.0%、10.6%、17.0%;S、F处理较对照处理CK分别提高13.0%、4.0%。SF处理的产量最高为111.8 t/hm~2,较S、F、CK处理增加8.6%、6.8%、14.1%。SFL处理较其他处理少灌一次水,产量为110.6 t/hm~2,增产12.9%,水分利用效率最高,为50.3 kg/m~3,较CK处理提高23.1%。SAP和FA联合调控的蓄水保墒和增产效果显著。
In order to explore the effects of the combined regulation of two chemical agents, SAP and fulvic acid, on the growth and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato plants, 5 treatments were set according to the different combinations of SAP and FA and irrigation quota, including S, F, SF, SFL and CK. The results showed that: SAP and FA could significantly promote tomato growth, increase soil moisture content, yield and water use efficiency; under the same irrigation condition, the soil moisture content of SF treatment in the whole growth period was the highest, with an average increase of 5.0%, 10.6% and 17.0% compared with that of S, F and CK treatment; the soil moisture content of S and F treatment were 13.0% and 4.0% higher than that of CK treatment, respectively; the maximum yield of SF treatment was 111.8 t/hm~2, which increased by 8.6%, 6.8% and 14.1% compared with S, F and CK treatment; compared with other treatments, SFL treatment used less irrigation water, resulting in a yield of 110.6 t/hm~2 and an increase of 12.9%, with the highest water use efficiency(50.3 kg/m~3) and a 23.1% increase compared with CK treatment. The combined regulation of SAP and FA can control water conservation and increase yield effectively.
In order to explore the effects of the combined regulation of two chemical agents, SAP and fulvic acid, on the growth and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato plants, 5 treatments were set according to the different combinations of SAP and FA and irrigation quota, including S, F, SF, SFL and CK. The results showed that: SAP and FA could significantly promote tomato growth, increase soil moisture content, yield and water use efficiency; under the same irrigation condition, the soil moisture content of SF treatment in the whole growth period was the highest, with an average increase of 5.0%, 10.6% and 17.0% compared with that of S, F and CK treatment; the soil moisture content of S and F treatment were 13.0% and 4.0% higher than that of CK treatment, respectively; the maximum yield of SF treatment was 111.8 t/hm~2, which increased by 8.6%, 6.8% and 14.1% compared with S, F and CK treatment; compared with other treatments, SFL treatment used less irrigation water, resulting in a yield of 110.6 t/hm~2 and an increase of 12.9%, with the highest water use efficiency(50.3 kg/m~3) and a 23.1% increase compared with CK treatment. The combined regulation of SAP and FA can control water conservation and increase yield effectively.
引文
[1] 杨培岭,廖人宽,任树梅,等.化学调控技术在旱地水肥利用中的应用进展[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):101-109.
[2] Singh J.Effect of stockosorb polymers and potassium 1evels on potato and onion[J].Journal of Potassium Research,1998(14):78-82
[3] BenHur M Keren R.Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation[J].Soil Science Society of America,1997(61):565-570.
[4] 徐磊,杨培岭,书书,等.FA旱地龙在京郊甜瓜栽培上的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5):183-185,194.
[5] 李茂松,李森,张述义,等.灌浆期喷施新型FA抗蒸腾剂对冬小麦的生理调节作用研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(4):703-708.
[6] Nunes C,AugeJI.Land Use and Land Cover Change( LUCC):Imple me nation strategy[R].IGBP Report No.48 and IHDP Report NO.10 Stockhdm.Sweden and Bonn,Germany,1999.
[7] 庄文化,吴普特,冯浩,等.土壤中施用聚丙烯酸钠保水剂对冬小麦生长及产量影响[J].农业工程学报.2008,24(5):37-41.
[8] 边文骅,边志立.发酵黄腐酸对植物叶片气孔开张度的影响[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)1997,3(21):311-313.
[9] 高伟,李明悦,杨军,等.黄腐酸钾不同用量对番茄产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):46-49.
[10] 王红,李放,宋东涛,等.叶面喷施黄腐酸钾对夏玉米产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(8):87-89,92.
[11] 李放,宋东涛,王丹丹,等.黄腐酸钾和黄腐酸锌对夏玉米的增产效果[J].河北农业科学,2014,18(4):64-68.
[12] 高帆,韦伟,辛龙飞.冬小麦扬花期喷施黄腐酸钾效果初报[J].南方农业,2015,9(21):29-31.
[13] 孟泽凤,刘晓丽,刘怀龙,等.冬小麦不同时期和品种叶面喷施黄腐酸钾的增产效果[J].腐植酸,2013(6):21-26.
[14] 彭玉净,高进华,卞会涛,等.黄腐酸钾对春萝卜生长及产量的影响研究[J].腐植酸,2016(1):12-15.
[15] 魏琛琛,廖人宽,王瑜,等.保水剂与氮磷肥配施对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):236-242.
[16] 韩玉国,任树梅,李云开,等.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(6):93-96.
[17] 张志成,程闯胜,任树梅,等.黄腐酸喷施方式对玉米耗水及生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(4):100-104.
[18] 杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.保水剂对冬小麦土壤水分和光合生理特征的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(5):36-41.
[19] 吴娜,胡跃高,任长忠,等.两种灌溉方式下保水剂用量对春播裸燕麦土壤氮素的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):346-351.
[20] ARBONA V,IGLESIAS D J,JACAS J,et al.Hydrogel substrate amendment alleviates droughteffects on young citrus plants[J].Plant and Soil,2005,(270):73-82.
[21] ABDULLAH A S,AZIZ M M,SIDDIQUE K H M,et al.Filmantitranspirants increase yield in drought stressed wheat plants by maintaining high grain number[J].Agricultural Water Management,2015,(159):11-18.
[22] 郭世文,李品芳,芦谅,等.不同土壤水分条件下施用黄腐酸与保水剂对玉米生长、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报.2017,22(1):1-11.
[23] 杨永辉,武继承,吴普特,等.保水剂对小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究.2011,29(3):133-137.
[24] 朱元浩,杨培岭,廖人宽,等.化学联合调控对玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):193-200.
[25] 廖人宽,张志成,任树梅,等.化学集成调控技术对土壤水氮与玉米产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):166-171.
[26] 刘兵,杜贞栋,黄静,等.冬小麦联合施用旱地龙和保水剂试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(5):14-16.
[2] Singh J.Effect of stockosorb polymers and potassium 1evels on potato and onion[J].Journal of Potassium Research,1998(14):78-82
[3] BenHur M Keren R.Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation[J].Soil Science Society of America,1997(61):565-570.
[4] 徐磊,杨培岭,书书,等.FA旱地龙在京郊甜瓜栽培上的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5):183-185,194.
[5] 李茂松,李森,张述义,等.灌浆期喷施新型FA抗蒸腾剂对冬小麦的生理调节作用研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(4):703-708.
[6] Nunes C,AugeJI.Land Use and Land Cover Change( LUCC):Imple me nation strategy[R].IGBP Report No.48 and IHDP Report NO.10 Stockhdm.Sweden and Bonn,Germany,1999.
[7] 庄文化,吴普特,冯浩,等.土壤中施用聚丙烯酸钠保水剂对冬小麦生长及产量影响[J].农业工程学报.2008,24(5):37-41.
[8] 边文骅,边志立.发酵黄腐酸对植物叶片气孔开张度的影响[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版)1997,3(21):311-313.
[9] 高伟,李明悦,杨军,等.黄腐酸钾不同用量对番茄产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):46-49.
[10] 王红,李放,宋东涛,等.叶面喷施黄腐酸钾对夏玉米产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(8):87-89,92.
[11] 李放,宋东涛,王丹丹,等.黄腐酸钾和黄腐酸锌对夏玉米的增产效果[J].河北农业科学,2014,18(4):64-68.
[12] 高帆,韦伟,辛龙飞.冬小麦扬花期喷施黄腐酸钾效果初报[J].南方农业,2015,9(21):29-31.
[13] 孟泽凤,刘晓丽,刘怀龙,等.冬小麦不同时期和品种叶面喷施黄腐酸钾的增产效果[J].腐植酸,2013(6):21-26.
[14] 彭玉净,高进华,卞会涛,等.黄腐酸钾对春萝卜生长及产量的影响研究[J].腐植酸,2016(1):12-15.
[15] 魏琛琛,廖人宽,王瑜,等.保水剂与氮磷肥配施对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):236-242.
[16] 韩玉国,任树梅,李云开,等.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(6):93-96.
[17] 张志成,程闯胜,任树梅,等.黄腐酸喷施方式对玉米耗水及生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(4):100-104.
[18] 杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.保水剂对冬小麦土壤水分和光合生理特征的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(5):36-41.
[19] 吴娜,胡跃高,任长忠,等.两种灌溉方式下保水剂用量对春播裸燕麦土壤氮素的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):346-351.
[20] ARBONA V,IGLESIAS D J,JACAS J,et al.Hydrogel substrate amendment alleviates droughteffects on young citrus plants[J].Plant and Soil,2005,(270):73-82.
[21] ABDULLAH A S,AZIZ M M,SIDDIQUE K H M,et al.Filmantitranspirants increase yield in drought stressed wheat plants by maintaining high grain number[J].Agricultural Water Management,2015,(159):11-18.
[22] 郭世文,李品芳,芦谅,等.不同土壤水分条件下施用黄腐酸与保水剂对玉米生长、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业大学学报.2017,22(1):1-11.
[23] 杨永辉,武继承,吴普特,等.保水剂对小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究.2011,29(3):133-137.
[24] 朱元浩,杨培岭,廖人宽,等.化学联合调控对玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):193-200.
[25] 廖人宽,张志成,任树梅,等.化学集成调控技术对土壤水氮与玉米产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):166-171.
[26] 刘兵,杜贞栋,黄静,等.冬小麦联合施用旱地龙和保水剂试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(5):14-16.
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