结构充填“保水-储水”采煤顶板稳定性分析
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摘要
在结构充填开采基本思想的指导下,根据我国西北干旱半干旱地区保水采煤与矿区水资源安全高效存储的实际需求,充分发挥条带式结构充填保护含水层结构与煤矿地下空间再利用的优势,提出条带式结构充填"保水-储水"采煤构想。在分析了条带式结构充填覆岩结构特征基础上,采用弹性地基上的有限长梁模型对"充填条带-直接顶"整体结构进行了力学分析,并结合初始参数法分段解析了直接顶变形方程。同时根据"保水-储水"的功能要求,提出了条带式结构充填"保水-储水"采煤的直接顶控制原则。根据新阳矿区工程地质条件和充填材料性能,通过理论计算得到条带式结构充填的临界充填率为51%,最大充填间距为11.95 m。通过FLAC~(3D)数值模拟对新阳矿区条带式结构充填"保水-储水"方案进行了优化设计,结果表明:在保持充填率基本不变的情况下,随着充填间距的减小,直接顶自承载能力逐渐增强,可形成"充填条带-直接顶"结构控制体系,对上覆岩层的控制作用明显提升;充填间距的减小缓解了充填体和直接顶内的应力集中现象,显著减小了充填条带和直接顶内的塑性区范围,有利于充填条带和直接顶的长期稳定,进而实现条带式结构充填"保水-储水"的目的;综合分析得到了新阳矿区条带式结构充填"保水-储水"采煤的最佳充填方案为间隔2 m充填2 m。
In view of the demand of the water-preserved coal mining and the safe and efficient storage of water resource in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China,in order to give full play to the advantages of strip constructional backfill to protect aquifer structure and to reuse underground space in coal mines,the technical conception of "water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining with strip constructional backfill is put forward under the guidance of the basic idea of constructional backfill mining.Based on the analysis of structural characteristics of overlying strata with strip constructional backfill,the finite length beam model on elastic foundation is used to analyze the "constructional stripimmediate roof"structure,and the deformation equation of immediate roof is piecewise analyzed by combining the initial parameter method.At the same time,the immediate roof control principle of strip constructional backfill is put forward according to the functional requirements of"water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining.According to the engineering geological conditions of Xinyang mining area and the properties of backfill materials,the critical backfill rate and maximum backfill spacing of strip constructional backfill obtained by theoretical calculation are 51% and 11.95 m respectively.The backfill scheme of Xinyang mine is optimized through FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation.The results show that when the back rate changes little,with the decrease of backfill space,the self-bearing capacity of the immediate roof gradually increases,a "constructional strip-immediate roof"structure control system is forming,and the control effect of immediate roof on overlying strata is improved significantly.The decrease of the backfill spacing relieves the stress concentration phenomenon in the backfill strip and immediate roof and reduces the range of plastic zone in backfill strip and immediate roof significantly,which is conducive to the long-term stability of backfill strip and immediate roof,and realizes the purpose of"water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining.According to the comprehensive analysis,the optimum scheme of strip constructional backfill in Xinyang mine is spaced 2 m and backfill 2 m.
In view of the demand of the water-preserved coal mining and the safe and efficient storage of water resource in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China,in order to give full play to the advantages of strip constructional backfill to protect aquifer structure and to reuse underground space in coal mines,the technical conception of "water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining with strip constructional backfill is put forward under the guidance of the basic idea of constructional backfill mining.Based on the analysis of structural characteristics of overlying strata with strip constructional backfill,the finite length beam model on elastic foundation is used to analyze the "constructional stripimmediate roof"structure,and the deformation equation of immediate roof is piecewise analyzed by combining the initial parameter method.At the same time,the immediate roof control principle of strip constructional backfill is put forward according to the functional requirements of"water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining.According to the engineering geological conditions of Xinyang mining area and the properties of backfill materials,the critical backfill rate and maximum backfill spacing of strip constructional backfill obtained by theoretical calculation are 51% and 11.95 m respectively.The backfill scheme of Xinyang mine is optimized through FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation.The results show that when the back rate changes little,with the decrease of backfill space,the self-bearing capacity of the immediate roof gradually increases,a "constructional strip-immediate roof"structure control system is forming,and the control effect of immediate roof on overlying strata is improved significantly.The decrease of the backfill spacing relieves the stress concentration phenomenon in the backfill strip and immediate roof and reduces the range of plastic zone in backfill strip and immediate roof significantly,which is conducive to the long-term stability of backfill strip and immediate roof,and realizes the purpose of"water-preserved and water-stored"coal mining.According to the comprehensive analysis,the optimum scheme of strip constructional backfill in Xinyang mine is spaced 2 m and backfill 2 m.
引文
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[8]HU Zhenqi,CHEN Chao,XIAO Wu,et al.Surface movement and deformation characteristics due to high-intensive coal mining in the windy and sandy region[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2016,3(3):339-348.
[9]XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,HE Changchun.Innovative backfilling longwall panel layout for better subsidence control effect-separating adjacent subcritical panels with pillars[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):297-305.
[10]MA L,DU X,WANG F,et al.Water-preserved mining technology for shallow buried coal seam in ecologically-vulnerable coal field:A case study in the Shendong Coal field of China[J].Disaster Advances,2013,6(S5):268-278.
[11]刘建功,赵利涛.基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1545-1551.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Litao.Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1545-1551.
[12]黄庆享,赖锦琪.条带充填保水开采隔水岩组力学模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):592-596.HUANG Qingxiang,LAI Jinqi.Study on mechanical model of aquifuge beam supported by filling strip in the water preserved mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):592-596.
[13]黄庆享,张文忠.浅埋煤层条带充填隔水岩组力学模型分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):973-978.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Wenzhong.Mechanical model of water resisting strata group in shallow seam strip-filling mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):973-978.
[14]郭文兵,杨达明,谭毅,等.薄基岩厚松散层下充填保水开采安全性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):106-111.GUO Wenbing,YANG Daming,TAN Yi,et al.Study on safety of overlying strata by backfilling in water-preserved mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):106-111.
[15]李猛,张吉雄,邓雪杰,等.含水层下固体充填保水开采方法与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):127-133.LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,DENG Xuejie,et al.Method of water protection based on solid backfill mining under water bearing strata and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):127-133.
[16]刘鹏亮,张华兴,崔锋,等.风积砂似膏体机械化充填保水采煤技术与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):118-126.LIU Pengliang,ZHANG Huaxing,CUI Feng,et al.Technology and practice of mechanized backfill mining for water protection with Aeolian sand paste-like[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):118-126.
[17]孙强,张吉雄,殷伟,等.长壁机械化掘巷充填采煤围岩结构稳定性及运移规律[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):404-412.SUN Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,YIN Wei,et al.The study of stability of surrounding rock and characters of overburden strata movement with longwall roadway backfill coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):404-412.
[18]SUN Q,ZHANG J,ZHANG Q,et al.Analysis and prevention of geoenvironmental hazards with high-intensive coal mining:A case study in China’s western eco-environment frangible area[J].Energies,2017,10(6):786.
[19]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Waterpreserved mining with the method named“backfilling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[20]冯国瑞,杜献杰,郭育霞,等.结构充填开采基础理论与地下空间利用构想[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):74-84.FENG Guorui,DU Xianjie,GUO Yuxia,et al.Basic theory of constructional backfill mining and the underground space utilization concept[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):74-84.
[21]BAI J,FENG G,WANG S,et al.Vertical stress and stability of interburden over an abandoned pillar working before upward mining:A case study[J].Royal Society Open Science,2018,5(8):180346.
[22]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Jian,AN Tailong,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[23]冯国瑞,郭峰,白锦文,等.“上柱-下垮”复合残采区中部残煤开采可行性评价[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2245-2253.FENG Guorui,GUO Feng,BAI Jinwen,et al.Safety mining evaluation of middle abandoned coal seam in“upper pillar-lower longwall”composite mining areas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2245-2253.
[24]戚庭野,冯国瑞,郭育霞,等.煤矿膏体充填材料性能随龄期变化的试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):42-48.QI Tingye,FENG Guorui,GUO Yuxia,et al.Experimental study on the changes of coal paste backfilling material performance during hydration process[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):42-48.
[25]YANG Ke,HE Xiang,DOU Litong,et al.Experimental investigation into stress-relief characteristics with upward large height and upward mining under hard thick roof[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(1):91-96.
[26]FENG G,LI Z,GUO Y,et al.Mix ratio optimization of cemented coal gangue backfill(CGB)based on response surface method[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2016,13(3):175-184.
[27]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.XIE Wenbing,YIN Shaoju,SHI Zhenfan.The key problem study about gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
[2]缪协兴,钱鸣高.中国煤炭资源绿色开采研究现状与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):1-14.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Research on green mining of coal resources in China:Current status and future prospects[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):1-14.
[3]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[4]MA L,CAO X,LIU Q,et al.Simulation study on water-preserved mining in multi-excavation disturbed zone in close-distance seams[J].Environmental Engineering&Management Journal,2013,12(9):1849-1853.
[5]缪协兴,王安,孙亚军,等.干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤基础与应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):217-227.MIAO Xiexing,WANG An,SUN Yajun,et al.Research on basic theory of mining with water resources protection and its application to arid and semi-arid mining areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2009,28(2):217-227.
[6]孙亚军,张梦飞,高尚,等.典型高强度开采矿区保水采煤关键技术与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):56-65.SUN Yajun,ZHANG Mengfei,GAO Shang,et al.Water-preserved mining technology and practice in typical high intensity mining area of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):56-65.
[7]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[8]HU Zhenqi,CHEN Chao,XIAO Wu,et al.Surface movement and deformation characteristics due to high-intensive coal mining in the windy and sandy region[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2016,3(3):339-348.
[9]XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,HE Changchun.Innovative backfilling longwall panel layout for better subsidence control effect-separating adjacent subcritical panels with pillars[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):297-305.
[10]MA L,DU X,WANG F,et al.Water-preserved mining technology for shallow buried coal seam in ecologically-vulnerable coal field:A case study in the Shendong Coal field of China[J].Disaster Advances,2013,6(S5):268-278.
[11]刘建功,赵利涛.基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1545-1551.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Litao.Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1545-1551.
[12]黄庆享,赖锦琪.条带充填保水开采隔水岩组力学模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):592-596.HUANG Qingxiang,LAI Jinqi.Study on mechanical model of aquifuge beam supported by filling strip in the water preserved mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):592-596.
[13]黄庆享,张文忠.浅埋煤层条带充填隔水岩组力学模型分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):973-978.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Wenzhong.Mechanical model of water resisting strata group in shallow seam strip-filling mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):973-978.
[14]郭文兵,杨达明,谭毅,等.薄基岩厚松散层下充填保水开采安全性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):106-111.GUO Wenbing,YANG Daming,TAN Yi,et al.Study on safety of overlying strata by backfilling in water-preserved mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):106-111.
[15]李猛,张吉雄,邓雪杰,等.含水层下固体充填保水开采方法与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):127-133.LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,DENG Xuejie,et al.Method of water protection based on solid backfill mining under water bearing strata and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):127-133.
[16]刘鹏亮,张华兴,崔锋,等.风积砂似膏体机械化充填保水采煤技术与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):118-126.LIU Pengliang,ZHANG Huaxing,CUI Feng,et al.Technology and practice of mechanized backfill mining for water protection with Aeolian sand paste-like[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):118-126.
[17]孙强,张吉雄,殷伟,等.长壁机械化掘巷充填采煤围岩结构稳定性及运移规律[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):404-412.SUN Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,YIN Wei,et al.The study of stability of surrounding rock and characters of overburden strata movement with longwall roadway backfill coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):404-412.
[18]SUN Q,ZHANG J,ZHANG Q,et al.Analysis and prevention of geoenvironmental hazards with high-intensive coal mining:A case study in China’s western eco-environment frangible area[J].Energies,2017,10(6):786.
[19]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Waterpreserved mining with the method named“backfilling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[20]冯国瑞,杜献杰,郭育霞,等.结构充填开采基础理论与地下空间利用构想[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):74-84.FENG Guorui,DU Xianjie,GUO Yuxia,et al.Basic theory of constructional backfill mining and the underground space utilization concept[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):74-84.
[21]BAI J,FENG G,WANG S,et al.Vertical stress and stability of interburden over an abandoned pillar working before upward mining:A case study[J].Royal Society Open Science,2018,5(8):180346.
[22]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Jian,AN Tailong,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[23]冯国瑞,郭峰,白锦文,等.“上柱-下垮”复合残采区中部残煤开采可行性评价[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2245-2253.FENG Guorui,GUO Feng,BAI Jinwen,et al.Safety mining evaluation of middle abandoned coal seam in“upper pillar-lower longwall”composite mining areas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2245-2253.
[24]戚庭野,冯国瑞,郭育霞,等.煤矿膏体充填材料性能随龄期变化的试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):42-48.QI Tingye,FENG Guorui,GUO Yuxia,et al.Experimental study on the changes of coal paste backfilling material performance during hydration process[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):42-48.
[25]YANG Ke,HE Xiang,DOU Litong,et al.Experimental investigation into stress-relief characteristics with upward large height and upward mining under hard thick roof[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(1):91-96.
[26]FENG G,LI Z,GUO Y,et al.Mix ratio optimization of cemented coal gangue backfill(CGB)based on response surface method[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2016,13(3):175-184.
[27]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.XIE Wenbing,YIN Shaoju,SHI Zhenfan.The key problem study about gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
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