富贵锑控电位氯化浸出选择性分离贱金属
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摘要
为实现从富贵锑中富集提取金的目的,提出采用控电位氯化浸出方法选择性分离富贵锑中贱金属。详细考察了各因素对贱金属浸出率的影响,查明了最优条件下贵金属的溶解行为,采用富贵锑粉置换回收浸出液中的贵金属。结果表明:提高盐酸浓度、增加液固比、提高反应温度和减小双氧水的加入速度均可以提高贱金属的浸出率;但增大双氧水过量系数会导致金属氧化沉淀。在最优条件下,铜、镍、锑和铅的浸出率均大于99.0%,金和银的浸出率分别为0.16%和84.40%,浸出渣中金含量达到96.0%。浸出液冷却结晶过程会析出氯化铅,金和银的置换率均达到99.0%以上。该方法实现了富贵锑中贱金属有效分离和金高效富集的双重目的。
In order to enrich gold from noble antimony, chlorination leaching with controlling potential was proposed to selectively separate base metals from noble antimony. The effects of various factors on the leaching rate of base metals were investigated. The precious metals in leachate were replaced by noble antimony. And the optimal conditions were gotten. The results show that increasing the concentration of HCl, the liquid-solid ratio and reaction temperature, and decreasing the adding rate of H_2O_2 are helpful for the base metal leaching. However, increasing the excess coefficient of H_2O_2 can lead to the metal oxidizing sedimentation. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching rates of Cu, Ni, Sb and Pb reach more than 99%, respectively, the leaching rates of gold and silver are 0.16% and 84.40%, respectively, and the content of gold in residue is 96.0%. PbCl_2 precipitated after leaching solution cools and the replacement rate of gold and silver reaches more than 99.0%. The method achieves the dual purpose that effectively separating of base metals and enriching gold from noble antimony.
In order to enrich gold from noble antimony, chlorination leaching with controlling potential was proposed to selectively separate base metals from noble antimony. The effects of various factors on the leaching rate of base metals were investigated. The precious metals in leachate were replaced by noble antimony. And the optimal conditions were gotten. The results show that increasing the concentration of HCl, the liquid-solid ratio and reaction temperature, and decreasing the adding rate of H_2O_2 are helpful for the base metal leaching. However, increasing the excess coefficient of H_2O_2 can lead to the metal oxidizing sedimentation. Under the optimal conditions, the leaching rates of Cu, Ni, Sb and Pb reach more than 99%, respectively, the leaching rates of gold and silver are 0.16% and 84.40%, respectively, and the content of gold in residue is 96.0%. PbCl_2 precipitated after leaching solution cools and the replacement rate of gold and silver reaches more than 99.0%. The method achieves the dual purpose that effectively separating of base metals and enriching gold from noble antimony.
引文
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[9]LIU Wei-feng,RAO Shuai,WANG Wen-yao,YANG Tian-zu,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Du-chao.Selective leaching of cobalt and iron from cobalt white alloy in sulfuric acid solution with catalyst[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2015,141:8-14.
[10]郑国渠,黄荣斌,潘勇.含氟三氯化锑溶液中和水解产物的物相[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(8):1278-1282.ZHENG Guo-qu,HUANG Rong-bin,PAN Yong.Phases of antimony trichloride solution containing fluorine neutralizationhydrolysis products[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2005,15(8):1278-1282.
[11]TIAN Qing-hua,WANG Heng-li,XIN Yun-tao,LI Dong,GUOXue-yi.Ozonation leaching of a complex sulfidic antimony ore in hydrochloric acid solution[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,159(1):126-131.
[12]LIU Wei-feng,YANG Tian-zu,XIA Xing.Behavior of silver and lead in the selective chlorination leaching process of goldantimony alloy[J].Transaction of Nonferrous metals Society of China.2010,20(2):321-329.
[13]郑国渠,支波,陈进中.五氯化锑的水解过程[J].中国有色金属学报,2006,16(9):1628-1633.ZHENG Guo-qu,ZHI Bo,CHEN Jin-zhong.Hydrolysis process of antimony pentachloride[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2006,16(9):1628-1633.
[14]洪东峰,隋述会,吴文辉.PP生产中工况条件对催化剂活性多因素影响的响应面模型[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(3):522-526.HONG Dong-feng,SUI Shu-hui,WU Wen-hui.Response surface model of multi-factors of conditions affecting catalytic activity of catalyst in polypropylene production[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2014,30(3):522-526.
[15]朱元保,沈子琛,张传福.电化学数据手册[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1985:135-164.ZHU Yuan-bao,SHEN Zi-chen,ZHANG Chuan-fu.Electrochemical data manual[M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,1985:135-164.
[16]TIAN Qing-hua,XIN Yun-tao,YANG Li,WANG Xue-hai,GUOXue-yi.Theoretical simulation and experimental study of hydrolysis separation of SbCl3 in complexation-precipitation system[J].Transaction of Nonferrous metals Society of China,2016,26(8):2746-2753.
[2]杨天足.贵金属冶金及产品深加工[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:210-248.YANG Tian-zu.Precious metals and products processing[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2005:210-248.
[3]LIU Wei-feng,DENG Xun-bo,RAO Shuai,YANG Tian-zu,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Du-chao.Selection on the process of enriching gold by smelting from refractory gold ores[C]//Characterization of Minerals,Metals and Materials 2017.Berlin:Springer International Publishing,2017:481-488.
[4]赵天从.锑[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1987.ZHAO Tian-cong.Antimony[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1987.
[5]CORBY G A.The metallurgy of antimony[J].Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry,2012,72(S4):s3-s8.
[6]LIU Wei-feng,YANG Tian-zu,JIANG Ming-xi,LIU Wei,DOUAi-chun.Improvements on the process of gold-antimony concentrate smelting in China[C]//TMS 2008 Annual Meeting and Exhibition.San Diego,CA:Wiley,2008:121-128.
[7]刘伟锋.控电位选择性氯化分离贵锑中贵贱金属的工艺研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.LIU Wei-feng.Selective chlorination of controlled potential for separation of precious metals and base metals from the gold-antimony alloy[D].Changsha:Central South University,2006.
[8]刘伟锋,孙百奇,刘亮强,张杜超,杨天足,陈霖.一种富贵锑控电位分离并回收贱金属的方法:中国,201710728018.7[P].2017-08-23.LIU Wei-feng,SUN Bai-qi,LIU Liang-qiang,ZHANG Du-chao,YANG Tian-zu,CHEN Lin.A method for separation and recovery of base metals from rich antimony potential:China,201710728018.7[P].2017-08-23.
[9]LIU Wei-feng,RAO Shuai,WANG Wen-yao,YANG Tian-zu,CHEN Lin,ZHANG Du-chao.Selective leaching of cobalt and iron from cobalt white alloy in sulfuric acid solution with catalyst[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2015,141:8-14.
[10]郑国渠,黄荣斌,潘勇.含氟三氯化锑溶液中和水解产物的物相[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(8):1278-1282.ZHENG Guo-qu,HUANG Rong-bin,PAN Yong.Phases of antimony trichloride solution containing fluorine neutralizationhydrolysis products[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2005,15(8):1278-1282.
[11]TIAN Qing-hua,WANG Heng-li,XIN Yun-tao,LI Dong,GUOXue-yi.Ozonation leaching of a complex sulfidic antimony ore in hydrochloric acid solution[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,159(1):126-131.
[12]LIU Wei-feng,YANG Tian-zu,XIA Xing.Behavior of silver and lead in the selective chlorination leaching process of goldantimony alloy[J].Transaction of Nonferrous metals Society of China.2010,20(2):321-329.
[13]郑国渠,支波,陈进中.五氯化锑的水解过程[J].中国有色金属学报,2006,16(9):1628-1633.ZHENG Guo-qu,ZHI Bo,CHEN Jin-zhong.Hydrolysis process of antimony pentachloride[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2006,16(9):1628-1633.
[14]洪东峰,隋述会,吴文辉.PP生产中工况条件对催化剂活性多因素影响的响应面模型[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(3):522-526.HONG Dong-feng,SUI Shu-hui,WU Wen-hui.Response surface model of multi-factors of conditions affecting catalytic activity of catalyst in polypropylene production[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2014,30(3):522-526.
[15]朱元保,沈子琛,张传福.电化学数据手册[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1985:135-164.ZHU Yuan-bao,SHEN Zi-chen,ZHANG Chuan-fu.Electrochemical data manual[M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,1985:135-164.
[16]TIAN Qing-hua,XIN Yun-tao,YANG Li,WANG Xue-hai,GUOXue-yi.Theoretical simulation and experimental study of hydrolysis separation of SbCl3 in complexation-precipitation system[J].Transaction of Nonferrous metals Society of China,2016,26(8):2746-2753.
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