地表覆被与人口密度变化对城市地表温度的影响分析——以郑州市为例
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摘要
以郑州市为例,基于多期Landsat遥感影像和夜间灯光数据分析了城市地表温度、不透水面、植被以及城市人口的时空变化特征,并从不透水面、植被和人口密度三个方面分析其对城市地表温度的影响.结果表明:郑州市明显存在地表温度中心城区高,郊区低的热岛效应,热岛斑块逐渐向东南部、西部和北部扩散且逐渐破碎化,热岛面积呈增长趋势;不透水面指数与地表温度呈显著的指数正相关关系,植被指数、人口密度与地表温度分别呈现出较显著的线性负相关和正相关关系.利用逐步回归的方法表明,不透水面是影响城市地表温度的主要原因,植被和人口密度也是影响城市地表温度的重要因素.
Zhengzhou city was taken as an objective to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the land surface temperature,impervious surface,vegetation,and urban population based on multi-period Landsat remote sensing images and night-time lighting data in this study.The impact on the land surface temperature was analyzed from impervious surface,vegetation,and population density.The results showed that there was an apparent heat island effect that the surface temperature was high in the center of downtown and low in suburbs in Zhengzhou city.The patches of heat island gradually spread to the southeastern,western and northern regions and gradually crumbled finally.Moreover,the area of heat island showed an increasing trend.The correlation analysis indicated that the surface temperature was correlated exponentially and positively with the impervious surface but linearly and negatively with the vegetation significantly.The analysis also demonstrated that there was a significant positive linear correlation between density of population and land surface temperature.Furthermore,the stepwise regression analysis showed that the impervious surface was the main factor affecting the urban heat island effect,meanwhile,vegetation and population density were also important factors for the formation of urban heat island effect.
Zhengzhou city was taken as an objective to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the land surface temperature,impervious surface,vegetation,and urban population based on multi-period Landsat remote sensing images and night-time lighting data in this study.The impact on the land surface temperature was analyzed from impervious surface,vegetation,and population density.The results showed that there was an apparent heat island effect that the surface temperature was high in the center of downtown and low in suburbs in Zhengzhou city.The patches of heat island gradually spread to the southeastern,western and northern regions and gradually crumbled finally.Moreover,the area of heat island showed an increasing trend.The correlation analysis indicated that the surface temperature was correlated exponentially and positively with the impervious surface but linearly and negatively with the vegetation significantly.The analysis also demonstrated that there was a significant positive linear correlation between density of population and land surface temperature.Furthermore,the stepwise regression analysis showed that the impervious surface was the main factor affecting the urban heat island effect,meanwhile,vegetation and population density were also important factors for the formation of urban heat island effect.
引文
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[25] 岳文泽,徐建华,徐丽华.基于遥感影像的城市土地利用生态环境效应研究—以城市热环境和植被指数为例 [J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1450-1460.
[26] 贡璐.干旱区城市热岛效应定量研究 [D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,2007.
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[2] 程维明,刘海江,张旸,等.中国1∶100万地表覆被制图分类系统研究 [J].资源科学,2004,26(6):2-8.
[3] 戴晓燕,张利权,过仲阳,等.上海城市热岛效应形成机制及空间格局 [J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3995-4004.
[4] Bo X R,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H,et al.Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing,China [J].环境科学学报:英文版,2007,19(2):250-256.
[5] 曹璐,胡瀚文,孟宪磊,等.城市地表温度与关键景观要素的关系 [J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2329-2334.
[6] 邓睿,胡日查,刘亮,等.基于Landsat8 OLI/TIRS数据的重庆市不透水面与城市热环境关系研究 [J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2017,36(1):68-76.
[7] 徐涵秋.城市不透水面与相关城市生态要素关系的定量分析 [J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2456-2462.
[8] Gallo K P,Mc Nab A L,Karl T R,et al.The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect [J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1993,14(11):2223-2230.
[9] 张小飞,王仰麟,吴健生,等.城市地域地表温度-植被覆盖定量关系分析—以深圳市为例 [J].地理研究,2006,25(3):369-377.
[10] 彭璐,李小梅,傅佳丽,等.福建省平潭岛植被覆盖变化及其对地表温度影响的定量研究 [J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016(1) :78-85.
[11] Yuan F,Bauer M E.Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat imagery [J].Remote Sensing of Environment:An Interdisciplinary Journal,2007,106(3):375-386.
[12] 张友水,韩春峰,伍雄昌,等.多时相遥感影像福州市热场与土地覆盖分析 [J].资源科学,2011,33(5):950-957.
[13] Fukuoka Y.Physical climatological discussion on causal factors of urban temperature.Memories of the Faculty of Integrated arts and Science.8.Japan:Hiroshima University,1983.157～ 178.
[14] 季崇萍,刘伟东,轩春怡.北京城市化进程对城市热岛的影响研究 [J].地球物理学报,2006(1):69-77.
[15] 杨眉,王世新,周艺,等.DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据应用研究综述 [J].遥感技术与应用,2011,26(1):45-51.
[16] Lo C P.Modeling the population of China using DMSP operational linescan system nighttime data [J].Photogram-metric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2001,67(9):1037-1047.
[17] 卓莉,陈晋,史培军,等.基于夜间灯光数据中国人口密度模拟 [J].地理学报,2005,60(2):266-276.
[18] 邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法 [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014.
[19] 陈松林,王天星.等间距法和均值标准差法界定城市热岛的对比研究 [J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(2):145-150.
[20] 徐涵秋,王美雅.地表不透水面信息遥感的主要方法分析 [J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):1270-1289.
[21] 贾海峰,刘雪华.环境遥感原理与应用 [M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[22] Prosperie L,Eyton R.The relationship between brightness values from a nighttime satellite image and Texas county population [J].Southwestern Geographer,2000,4:16-29.
[23] Sutton P,Roberts D,Elvidge C,et al.Census from Heaven:An estimate of the global human population using night-time satellite imagery [J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(16):3061-3076.
[24] 唐菲,徐涵秋.城市不透水面与地表温度定量关系的遥感分析 [J].吉林大学学报,2013,43(6):1987-1996.
[25] 岳文泽,徐建华,徐丽华.基于遥感影像的城市土地利用生态环境效应研究—以城市热环境和植被指数为例 [J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1450-1460.
[26] 贡璐.干旱区城市热岛效应定量研究 [D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,2007.
[27] 岳文泽.基于遥感影像的城市景观格局及其热环境效应研究 [D].上海:华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院,2005.
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