藻类在农业面源污染防控中的应用
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摘要
根据2010年第一次全国污染源普查公报,农业面源污染已经成为我国地表水总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)等污染物的首要污染源。藻类广泛存在于包括稻田在内的各类水生态系统中,其生长需要消耗大量的N、P营养物质,而且藻类回收后还可用于生产生物燃料、生物肥料、土壤改良剂等,因此,利用藻类同化吸收水体中的养分可以实现农业面源污染物拦截净化和养分循环再利用双重目的。基于藻类生长特性,本文探讨了以藻类作用为主的稻田藻类固氮减磷、多营养级综合养殖系统、固着藻类沟渠净水系统及高效藻类塘等生态技术模式,并对各类技术模式的主要应用条件进行了深入比较和分析,以期为农业面源污染治理技术提供理论基础。
According to the first national census bulletin of China in 2010, agricultural non-point source pollution has been the primary contributors of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)to surface waters. Algae are widely distributed in all kinds of aquatic ecosystems, including the paddy fields. Large-scale biomass production of algae, which can be reused to produce bio-fuel, bio-fertilizers and soila mendments, requires plenty of N and P nutrients. While the algae can permanently remove these nutrients from agricultural waste waters,they also provide a way for nutrient recovery through the use of algal products. Based on the characteristics of algae growth, the present study explored the ecological modes using algae to control agricultural non-point source pollution, including algae inoculation in paddy fields, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, periphytic algae-based ecological diches and high rate algal ponds. The potentials and limitations of each technology were further discussed.
According to the first national census bulletin of China in 2010, agricultural non-point source pollution has been the primary contributors of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)to surface waters. Algae are widely distributed in all kinds of aquatic ecosystems, including the paddy fields. Large-scale biomass production of algae, which can be reused to produce bio-fuel, bio-fertilizers and soila mendments, requires plenty of N and P nutrients. While the algae can permanently remove these nutrients from agricultural waste waters,they also provide a way for nutrient recovery through the use of algal products. Based on the characteristics of algae growth, the present study explored the ecological modes using algae to control agricultural non-point source pollution, including algae inoculation in paddy fields, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, periphytic algae-based ecological diches and high rate algal ponds. The potentials and limitations of each technology were further discussed.
引文
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[6]Wu Y,Liu J,Lu H,et al.Periphyton:An important regulator in optimizing soil phosphorus bioavailability in paddy fields[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(21):1-8.
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[10]杨林章,施卫明,薛利红,等.农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践:总体思路与“4R”治理技术[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):1-8.YANG Lin-zhang,SHI Wei-ming,XUE Li-hong,et al.Reduce-retain-reuse-restore technology for the controlling the agricultural nonpoint source pollution in countryside in China:General countermeasures and technologies[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(1):1-8.
[11]施卫明,薛利红,王建国,等.农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践:生态拦截技术[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(9):1697-1704.SHI Wei-ming,XUE Li-hong,WANG Jian-guo,et al.A reduce-retain-reuse-restore technology for controlling rural non-point pollution in China:Eco-retain technology[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(9):1697-1704.
[12]宋玉芝,张亚冬,郑建伟,等.淡水湖泊附着藻类生态学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):534-541.SONG Yu-zhi,ZHANG Ya-dong,ZHENG Jian-wei,et al.Periphytic algae ecology in freshwater lake:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(2):534-541.
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[14]De P K.The role of blue-green algae in nitrogen fixation in rice-fields[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1939,127(846):121-139.
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