基于生态服务评估模型的土地开发环境成本定量研究
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摘要
缺乏节制的资源开发利用会导致环境退化,进而降低生态系统的服务价值,难以评估项目的真实经济成本。以生态系统服务价值为研究对象,通过建立生态服务评估模型,结合兰州城市轨道交通和格敦铁路两个不同规模的土地开发利用项目数据,定量评估项目开发造成的环境成本投入。考虑环境退化因素后,土地开发利用项目的真实经济成本增加,使项目初期现金流出增大,投资回收期延长,项目忽视环境成本可能导致投资决策指标无法通过,进而影响到项目决策结果。综合运用Excel和Matlab软件计算模型评估结论对项目产生的影响,并以此为依据,提出促进土地开发项目的可行性建议。
The lack of restraint in resource development often leads to environmental degradation, thus reducing the value of ecosystem services, making it difficult to accurately estimate the real economic cost of the projects. This paper takes the value of ecosystem services as the research object, uses an ecosystem service evaluation model,combined with land development projects data of Lanzhou urban rail transit and Gedun Railway,to quantitatively evaluate the cost of environmental degradation caused by land development projects. In view of the possibility of environmental degradation, the real economic cost of land development increases, which increases the initial cash outflow of the projects and prolongs the payback period. The neglect of environmental factors may lead to the failure of decision-making indicators to meet the criteria, thus affecting the project planning. And comprehensively uses Excel and MATLAB software to test the impact of evaluation model on the project. Finally, the feasibility suggestions for improving land development are put forward.
The lack of restraint in resource development often leads to environmental degradation, thus reducing the value of ecosystem services, making it difficult to accurately estimate the real economic cost of the projects. This paper takes the value of ecosystem services as the research object, uses an ecosystem service evaluation model,combined with land development projects data of Lanzhou urban rail transit and Gedun Railway,to quantitatively evaluate the cost of environmental degradation caused by land development projects. In view of the possibility of environmental degradation, the real economic cost of land development increases, which increases the initial cash outflow of the projects and prolongs the payback period. The neglect of environmental factors may lead to the failure of decision-making indicators to meet the criteria, thus affecting the project planning. And comprehensively uses Excel and MATLAB software to test the impact of evaluation model on the project. Finally, the feasibility suggestions for improving land development are put forward.
引文
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[13] 刘璐璐,邵全琴,曹巍,等.基于生态服务价值的三江源生态工程成本效益分析[J].草地学报,2018,26(1):30-39.
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[15] 吴仕岩.城市土地资源开发环境成本研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009.
[16] 赵晨,吕成文.铁路客货运输作业成本计算方法研究[J].铁道经济研究,2009(1):46-49.
[17] 蔡中华,王晴,刘广青.中国生态系统服务价值的再计算[J].生态经济,2014,30(2):16-18.
[18] 叶祖达.低碳城市规划建设:成本效益分析[J].城市规划,2010(8):18-23.
[19] 洪静敏.粮食作物秸秆资源化利用的环境与经济影响评价研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[20] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[21] 吕倩.基于最大Lyapunov指数的高速铁路环境成本估算研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2018(1):14-20.
[22] 李怡,郭力宇,温豪.陕西渭北旱塬区土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化:以陇县为例[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(1):374-379.
[2] Costanza R,D″Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].World Environment,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[3] R?nnb?ck,Patrik.The ecological basis for economic value of seafood production supported by mangrove ecosystem[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(2):235-252.
[4] Bolund P,Hunhammar S.Ecosystem services in urban areas[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(2):293-301.
[5] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[6] 魏慧,赵文武,张骁,等.基于土地利用变化的区域生态系统服务价值评价:以山东省德州市为例.生态学报,2017,37(11):3830-3839.
[7] 王敏,冯相昭,吴良,等.气候变化背景下典型草原自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1700-1707.
[8] 李哲,张飞,Hsiang-te Kung,等.1998—2014年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态系统服务价值及其时空变异[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):4984-4997.
[9] 刘海,殷杰,林苗,等.基于GIS的鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值结构变化研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2575-2587.
[10] 文琦.中国矿产资源开发区生态补偿研究进展[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6058-6066.
[11] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,1(4):480-491.
[12] 丁丽莲,王奇,陈欣,等.1984—2014年淀山湖地区生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应[J].生态学报,2019,39(8):1-12.
[13] 刘璐璐,邵全琴,曹巍,等.基于生态服务价值的三江源生态工程成本效益分析[J].草地学报,2018,26(1):30-39.
[14] 王兵,鲁绍伟.中国经济林生态系统服务价值评估[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):417-425.
[15] 吴仕岩.城市土地资源开发环境成本研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009.
[16] 赵晨,吕成文.铁路客货运输作业成本计算方法研究[J].铁道经济研究,2009(1):46-49.
[17] 蔡中华,王晴,刘广青.中国生态系统服务价值的再计算[J].生态经济,2014,30(2):16-18.
[18] 叶祖达.低碳城市规划建设:成本效益分析[J].城市规划,2010(8):18-23.
[19] 洪静敏.粮食作物秸秆资源化利用的环境与经济影响评价研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[20] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[21] 吕倩.基于最大Lyapunov指数的高速铁路环境成本估算研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2018(1):14-20.
[22] 李怡,郭力宇,温豪.陕西渭北旱塬区土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化:以陇县为例[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(1):374-379.
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