赣江上游龙迳河水体氨氮与重金属污染分布特征及风险评价
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摘要
论文以我国典型的稀土矿区流域——赣江上游龙迳河为研究对象,自上游至下游采集了15个水样并现场测定了水体pH值,测试和分析了氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮和Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu、As、Hg、Pb、Mn 8种重金属含量和相关性,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数评价法对重金属污染程度进行评价.结果表明:①龙迳河流域主要的重金属污染物为Mn、Hg、Pb,其超出地表Ⅱ类水质标准分别为93%、20%、6.7%;②表层水体中亚硝氮、硝氮、氨氮和重金属Zn、Mn、As、Cd、Pb沿程变化具有相似性,且重金属Zn、Mn、As、Cd、Pb与氨氮具有显著的正相关性,表明重金属Zn、Mn、As、Cd、Pb之间可能具有一定的同源性且氨氮含量与该重金属在水中的分布有密切联系;③龙迳河水质优良、良好、较好、较差和极差占整体采样点的概率分别为6.67%、26.67%、33.33%、6.67%和26.67%,河流水质整体较差,部分采样点水质较好,重金属污染上游大于下游.
Longjing River, one of China's typical rare earth mining areas, in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River is studied. 15 observation sections was set up to test and analyze the content and correlation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrous oxide and 8 heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Mn. N.L.Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation method was adopted to evaluate heavy metal pollution. The results show that: ①The main heavy metal pollutants in the Longjing River Basin are Mn, Hg and Pb, which are 93%, 20% and 6.7% higher than the surface II water quality standards respectively; ② Nitrous oxide,Nitrogen, Ammonia and heavy metals such as Zn, Mn, As, Cd and Pb in the surface water have similarities along the process, and heavy metals such as Zn, Mn, As, Cd, Pb and Ammonia have a significant positive correlation. It indicates that there is homology between Zn, Mn, As, Cd and Pb, and the Ammonia nitrogen content is closely related to the distribution of heavy metal in water; ③Water quality of Longjng River is classified into 5 degress from the best, better, good, bad and worse. The probability of each is 6.67%, 26.67%,33.33%, 6.67% and 26.67%. The water quality is poor in general. Some sampling points show good water quality, and heavy metal pollution in upstream is heavier than that in downstream.
Longjing River, one of China's typical rare earth mining areas, in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River is studied. 15 observation sections was set up to test and analyze the content and correlation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrous oxide and 8 heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Mn. N.L.Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation method was adopted to evaluate heavy metal pollution. The results show that: ①The main heavy metal pollutants in the Longjing River Basin are Mn, Hg and Pb, which are 93%, 20% and 6.7% higher than the surface II water quality standards respectively; ② Nitrous oxide,Nitrogen, Ammonia and heavy metals such as Zn, Mn, As, Cd and Pb in the surface water have similarities along the process, and heavy metals such as Zn, Mn, As, Cd, Pb and Ammonia have a significant positive correlation. It indicates that there is homology between Zn, Mn, As, Cd and Pb, and the Ammonia nitrogen content is closely related to the distribution of heavy metal in water; ③Water quality of Longjng River is classified into 5 degress from the best, better, good, bad and worse. The probability of each is 6.67%, 26.67%,33.33%, 6.67% and 26.67%. The water quality is poor in general. Some sampling points show good water quality, and heavy metal pollution in upstream is heavier than that in downstream.
引文
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[28]张莉,祁士华,瞿程凯,等.福建九龙江流域重金属分布来源及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2133-2139.
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[2]王漫漫,陆昊,李慧明,等.太湖流域典型河流重金属污染和生态风险评估[J].环境化学,2016,35(10):2025-2035.
[3]杨泉,陈明,胡兰文,等.赣州市土壤重金属形态分布特征及污染评价[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(4):118-124.
[4]MOYE J,PICARD-LESTEVEN T,ZOUHRI L,et al.Groundwater assessment and environmental impact in the abandoned mine of Kettara(Morocco)[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,231:899-907.
[5]MARRUGO-NEGRETE J,PINEDO-HERNANDEZ J,DIEZ S.Assessment of heavy metal pollution,spatial distribution and origin in agricultural soils along the SinúRiver Basin,Colombia[J].Environmental Research,2017,154:380-388.
[6]BAKTYBAEVA Z B,SULEYMANOV R A,YAMALOV S M,et al.Evaluation of the content and migration of heavy metals in components of river ecosystems’of mining territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan[J].Gigiena i Sanitariya,2016,95(9):822-827.
[7]罗才贵,罗仙平,苏佳,等.离子型稀土矿山环境问题及其治理方法[J].金属矿山,2014(6):91-96.
[8]李文静,李军,张彦灼,等.NaCl改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附机制[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(12):3567-3575.
[9]陈璐,刘海龙,吉力,等.MgO低温催化臭氧降解氨氮的机制研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(12):4680-4688.
[10]聂锦霞,陈明,蔡青云,等.赣南某矿区土壤中抗镉菌株的分离筛选及对镉的吸附特性[J].有色金属工程,2015,5(4):85-89.
[11]柴敏平,吴伟明,李金辉,等.赣南河流底质重金属潜在生态风险评价及形态分析研究[J].江西理工大学学报,2012,33(3):1-5.
[12]涂婷,王月,安达,等.赣南稀土矿区地下水污染现状、危害及处理技术与展望[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(6):691-699.
[13]林娜娜,许秋瑾,胡小贞,等.江西崇义县小江流域重金属污染现状及评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1051-1060.
[14]丁倩倩,刘友存,焦克勤,等.赣江上游典型流域水沙过程及驱动因素[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(4):19-26,33.
[15]郁亚娟,王冬,王翔,等.滇池湖体及其主要入湖河流沉积物中重金属生态风险的时空分布特征评价[J].地球与环境,2013,41(3):311-318.
[16]唐文忠,王立硕,单保庆,等.大清河水系河流表层沉积物重金属污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3620.
[17]张家泉,田倩,许大毛,等.大冶湖表层水和沉积物中重金属污染特征与风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2355-2363.
[18]张雪,张聪,宋超,等.长江下游流域水体中重金属含量及风险评估[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(30):67-73.
[19]张兆永,吉力力,姜逢清,等.天山山地河流水体中微量重金属的分布特征及形态分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3612-3619.
[20]马迎群,时瑶,秦延文,等.浑河上游(清原段)水环境中重金属时空分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):108-116.
[21]李雅芬,王景,王宁.松花江上游金矿开采区河流水体和沉积物中汞的污染特征及风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):622-628.
[22]HUDSON E,KULESSA B,EDWARDS P,et al.Integrated hydrological and geophysical characterisation of surface and subsurface water contamination at abandoned metal mines[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2018,229:256.
[23]黄莹,李永霞,高甫威,等.小清河表层沉积物重污染区重金属赋存形态及风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2046-2053.
[24]DUODU G O,GOONETILLEKE A,AYOKO G A.Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal in brisbane river sediment[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:1077-1091.
[25]叶美锋,林代炎,林琰.规模化养猪场污水综合治理工艺模式分析[J].能源与环境,2006,5:60-62.
[26]ABDEL-SATAR A M,ALI M H,GOHER M E.Indices of water quality and metal pollution of Nile River,Egypt[J].The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research,2017,43(1):21-29.
[27]戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源,空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[28]张莉,祁士华,瞿程凯,等.福建九龙江流域重金属分布来源及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2133-2139.
[29]张继来,傅开道,王波,等.澜沧江河床沉积物重金属污染评价[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(8):1136-1144.
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