城镇化进程中生态环境响应的时空分异及影响因素研究
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摘要
基于2006-2015年的面板数据,利用综合指数评价模型和响应指数模型,对30个省份的城镇化水平、生态环境质量和响应指数进行了测度,就其时序特征进行了比较研究;利用系统GMM模型对响应指数进行了因素分析。结果显示:不同省份城镇化水平和生态环境质量差异明显,考察期内二者增速分化严重;东部地区响应指数多为正,中部地区多为负,西部地区正负大体相当,考察期内中部地区响应指数向更优状态转移比率大于东部地区和西部地区;投资型环境规制和费用型环境规制对响应指数分别起到负向和正向调节作用,技术创新和经济发展水平为正向调节作用,产业结构的作用不显著。为促进城镇化与生态环境良性互动,应在加大环境治理投资的同时提高其效率,制定较高的环保税税率并扩大覆盖范围,支持绿色技术创新及其产业化和规模化,推崇绿色健康的生活方式。
Based on the panel data between 2006 and 2015,the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and response index were measured and their changes in time were compared by using the comprehensive index evaluation model and response index model in this article. Moreover,factors of the response index were analyzed by system GMM model. The results show that there were significant differences in the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and their growth rate during the investigation period. As for the response index,it was positive in many of the eastern provinces and negative in many of the central provinces and almost equal in western provinces. And the transfer ratio of the response index to better state was greater in the central area than in the other areas during the period. As far as the factors were concerned,investment-linked environmental regulation played a negative role on the response index with positive effects of expense-linked environmental regulation,technological innovation and economic development level and insignificant effect of the industrial structure respectively. In order to promote the benign interaction between urbanization and eco-environment,measures should be taken as follows: increasing investment in environmental governance with the improvement of its efficiency in the same time,constituting a high tax rate for environmental protection and expanding the coverage,supporting green technology innovation and its large-scale industrialization,and advocating green and healthy lifestyle.
Based on the panel data between 2006 and 2015,the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and response index were measured and their changes in time were compared by using the comprehensive index evaluation model and response index model in this article. Moreover,factors of the response index were analyzed by system GMM model. The results show that there were significant differences in the level of urbanization,eco-environment quality and their growth rate during the investigation period. As for the response index,it was positive in many of the eastern provinces and negative in many of the central provinces and almost equal in western provinces. And the transfer ratio of the response index to better state was greater in the central area than in the other areas during the period. As far as the factors were concerned,investment-linked environmental regulation played a negative role on the response index with positive effects of expense-linked environmental regulation,technological innovation and economic development level and insignificant effect of the industrial structure respectively. In order to promote the benign interaction between urbanization and eco-environment,measures should be taken as follows: increasing investment in environmental governance with the improvement of its efficiency in the same time,constituting a high tax rate for environmental protection and expanding the coverage,supporting green technology innovation and its large-scale industrialization,and advocating green and healthy lifestyle.
引文
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[12]胡雷,王军锋.我国城镇化对二氧化碳排放的长期影响和短期波动效应分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):94-100.
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[14]唐志强,曹瑾,党婕.水资源约束下西北干旱区生态环境与城市化的响应关系研究-以张掖市为例[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(3):520-531.
[15]廖进中,韩峰,张文静,等.长株潭地区城镇化对土地利用效率的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):30-36.
[16]Roodman D. How to Do xtabond2:An Introduction to“Difference”and“System”GMM in Stata[R]. Washington D. C.:Center for Global Development,2009.
[17]穆怀中,范洪敏.环境规制对农民工就业的门槛效应研究[J].经济学动态,2016(10):4-14.
[18]李珊珊.环境规制对异质性劳动力就业的影响-基于省级动态面板数据的分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):135-143.
[19]曹斌斌,肖忠东,李晓军,等.环境规制下工业共生链制造商决策行为分析[J].系统管理学报,2017,26(3):551-561.
[20]侯瑜,陈海宇.基于完全信息静态博弈模型的最优排污费确定[J].南开经济研究,2013(1):121-128.
[21]张平淡,袁浩铭,杜雯翠.我国工业领域环保投资效率及其影响因素分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(1):6-10.
[2]Grossman G M,Krueger A B. Economic growth and the environment[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-377.
[3]Kalnay E,Cai M. Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate[J]. Nature,2003,423(6939):528-531.
[4]Bounoua L,Zhang P,Mostovoy G,et al. Impact of urbanization on US surface climate[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(8):1-9.
[5]Chikaraishi M,Fujiwara A,Kaneko S,et al. The moderating effects of urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions:A latent class modeling approach[J]. Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2015,90(1):302-317.
[6]Wakode H B,Baier K,Jha R,et al. Assessment of impact of urbanization on groundwater resources using GIS techniques-case study of hyderabad,India[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research,2014,8(4):1145-1158.
[7]Martellozzo F,Amato F,Murgante B,et al. Modeling the impact of urban growth on agriculture and natural land in Italy to 2030[J]. Applied Geography,2018,91(2):156-167.
[8]马世骏.社会-经济-自然复合生态系统[J].生态学报,1984,4(1):1-9.
[9]刘耀彬,李仁东,张守忠.城市化与生态环境协调标准及其评价模型研究[J].中国软科学,2005,20(5):140-148.
[10]赵倩楠,李世平.煤炭城市的城镇化与生态环境协调发展量化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):45-50.
[11]王家庭,毛文峰.武陵山片区城镇化与生态环境响应的计量分析-以湘西自治州为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(6):148-154.
[12]胡雷,王军锋.我国城镇化对二氧化碳排放的长期影响和短期波动效应分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):94-100.
[13]焦高乐,严明义.中国城镇化进程对碳强度的影响研究-基于脱钩指数与关联规则分析[J].当代经济科学,2017,39(4):79-86.
[14]唐志强,曹瑾,党婕.水资源约束下西北干旱区生态环境与城市化的响应关系研究-以张掖市为例[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(3):520-531.
[15]廖进中,韩峰,张文静,等.长株潭地区城镇化对土地利用效率的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(2):30-36.
[16]Roodman D. How to Do xtabond2:An Introduction to“Difference”and“System”GMM in Stata[R]. Washington D. C.:Center for Global Development,2009.
[17]穆怀中,范洪敏.环境规制对农民工就业的门槛效应研究[J].经济学动态,2016(10):4-14.
[18]李珊珊.环境规制对异质性劳动力就业的影响-基于省级动态面板数据的分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):135-143.
[19]曹斌斌,肖忠东,李晓军,等.环境规制下工业共生链制造商决策行为分析[J].系统管理学报,2017,26(3):551-561.
[20]侯瑜,陈海宇.基于完全信息静态博弈模型的最优排污费确定[J].南开经济研究,2013(1):121-128.
[21]张平淡,袁浩铭,杜雯翠.我国工业领域环保投资效率及其影响因素分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,37(1):6-10.
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