偏见与融合——评澳大利亚淘金小说《中国男孩》
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摘要
澳大利亚籍匈牙利裔作家大卫·马丁的小说《中国男孩》,以"小好"为主人公,讲述了一群中国淘金者遭遇的种种不公。作者试图公正地还原早期中国淘金者在澳大利亚淘金时与白人相处的真实情形。文章从"刻板偏见下的融合之难""身份杂糅与表面融合""融合之路任重道远"三方面深入探析中国淘金者在澳大利亚谋生之路的艰辛。马丁不仅着重描写了中国淘金者遭遇的不平等,并且看到了澳大利亚白人对华人根深蒂固的刻板印象,看到了身份杂糅对文化融合的积极意义。
The Chinese Boy is a novel written by David Martin,a Hungarian Australian writer. It depicts the struggling experience of Ho and some other Chinese gold miners during the gold rush in Australia. This paper analyzes "the difficulties" that Chinese miners face in attempting to make a living in Australia from three aspects. The difficulties are illustrated as "the hard road to cultural fusion","a silver lining for superficial cultural fusion" and "a long way to the real cultural fusion". The analysis shows that the stereotyped prejudice of the Whites against Chinese people makes it much more difficult for the two cultures to reach real cultural fusion. The analysis also finds that Martin,as an European descent writer who believes in cultural equality,has noticed the unfair treatment that Chinese gold miners have been through the deep-rooted stereotype of the Whites toward the Chinese as well as the opportunity and difficulty for cultural fusion.
The Chinese Boy is a novel written by David Martin,a Hungarian Australian writer. It depicts the struggling experience of Ho and some other Chinese gold miners during the gold rush in Australia. This paper analyzes "the difficulties" that Chinese miners face in attempting to make a living in Australia from three aspects. The difficulties are illustrated as "the hard road to cultural fusion","a silver lining for superficial cultural fusion" and "a long way to the real cultural fusion". The analysis shows that the stereotyped prejudice of the Whites against Chinese people makes it much more difficult for the two cultures to reach real cultural fusion. The analysis also finds that Martin,as an European descent writer who believes in cultural equality,has noticed the unfair treatment that Chinese gold miners have been through the deep-rooted stereotype of the Whites toward the Chinese as well as the opportunity and difficulty for cultural fusion.
引文
[1]欧阳昱.表现他者:澳大利亚小说中的中国人1888-1988[M].北京:新华出版社,2000.
[2]黄源深.澳大利亚文学史[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997:720.
[3]王岳川.后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M].济南:山东教育出版社,1999.
[4]Martin D.The Chinese Boy[M].Hornsby:Hodder and Stroughton Pty Ltd.,1973.
[5]Mordaunt E.The Ginger Jar[C]∥Old wine in new bottles.London:Hutchinson&Co,1919:212.
[6]Hornadge B.The Yellow Peril[M].Dubbe:Review Publications Pty Ltd.,1976.
[7]张秋生.澳大利亚华侨华人史[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998.
[8]Pearson C.National Life and Character:A Forecast[M].London:Macmillan and Co.’s Publications,1893:125[2016-12-25].https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Life_and_Character.
[9]Lane W.The Workingman’s Paradise:An Australian Labor Novel[M].Brisbane:Warwick&Sapford Printers,1892:10.
[10]Cohen R,Kennedy P.Global Sociology[M].London:Red Globe Press,2000:377.
[11]Bhabha H K.The Third Space:Interview with Homi K.Bhabha[C]∥Jonathan Rutherford.Identity:Community,Culture,Difference.London:Lawrence&Wishart,1991:211.
[12]王宁.霍米·巴巴和他的后殖民批评理论[J].南方文坛,2002(6):40.
[13]翟晶.边缘世界:霍米·巴巴后殖民理论研究[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2013.
[14]Bhabha H K.The Commitment of Theory[C]∥The Location of Culture.London:Routledge,1994:38.
[15]Cole E W.Better Side of the Chinese Character[M/OL].Melbourne:Book Arcade,1905:57-59[2016-12-25].http://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/fed0049.pdf.
[16]Lawson H.Ah Soon:A Chinese Australian Story[M]∥Leonard Cronin.A Fantasy of Man:Henry Lawson Complete Works 1901-1922.Sydney:Lansdowne,1984:500.
[17]Hammond D,Jablow A.The Africa that Never was:Four Centuries of British Writing about Africa[M].New York:Twayne Publishers,1970:20-30.
(1)本文中所有关于《中国男孩》的中译均为笔者根据David Martin小说原文(即参考文献[4])所译。
(2)原文:The“Chinese Vice”。
(3)原文:You lookee for your holsee?He’s not here,my little Johnny.He’s plobably in the pound.
[2]黄源深.澳大利亚文学史[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997:720.
[3]王岳川.后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M].济南:山东教育出版社,1999.
[4]Martin D.The Chinese Boy[M].Hornsby:Hodder and Stroughton Pty Ltd.,1973.
[5]Mordaunt E.The Ginger Jar[C]∥Old wine in new bottles.London:Hutchinson&Co,1919:212.
[6]Hornadge B.The Yellow Peril[M].Dubbe:Review Publications Pty Ltd.,1976.
[7]张秋生.澳大利亚华侨华人史[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998.
[8]Pearson C.National Life and Character:A Forecast[M].London:Macmillan and Co.’s Publications,1893:125[2016-12-25].https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Life_and_Character.
[9]Lane W.The Workingman’s Paradise:An Australian Labor Novel[M].Brisbane:Warwick&Sapford Printers,1892:10.
[10]Cohen R,Kennedy P.Global Sociology[M].London:Red Globe Press,2000:377.
[11]Bhabha H K.The Third Space:Interview with Homi K.Bhabha[C]∥Jonathan Rutherford.Identity:Community,Culture,Difference.London:Lawrence&Wishart,1991:211.
[12]王宁.霍米·巴巴和他的后殖民批评理论[J].南方文坛,2002(6):40.
[13]翟晶.边缘世界:霍米·巴巴后殖民理论研究[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2013.
[14]Bhabha H K.The Commitment of Theory[C]∥The Location of Culture.London:Routledge,1994:38.
[15]Cole E W.Better Side of the Chinese Character[M/OL].Melbourne:Book Arcade,1905:57-59[2016-12-25].http://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/fed0049.pdf.
[16]Lawson H.Ah Soon:A Chinese Australian Story[M]∥Leonard Cronin.A Fantasy of Man:Henry Lawson Complete Works 1901-1922.Sydney:Lansdowne,1984:500.
[17]Hammond D,Jablow A.The Africa that Never was:Four Centuries of British Writing about Africa[M].New York:Twayne Publishers,1970:20-30.
(1)本文中所有关于《中国男孩》的中译均为笔者根据David Martin小说原文(即参考文献[4])所译。
(2)原文:The“Chinese Vice”。
(3)原文:You lookee for your holsee?He’s not here,my little Johnny.He’s plobably in the pound.
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