生物质炭对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯污染土壤黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响
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摘要
通过模拟试验,研究利用生物质炭改善邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染土壤对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响。试验设计4个生物质炭处理(CK、C 0.5%、C 1%、C 2%)和3个DBP浓度梯度(0,20,40 mg/kg)。结果表明:DBP污染土壤施入生物质炭,在低含量(C 0.5%)时黄瓜幼苗细胞膜稳定性增强,较高含量(C 1%和C 2%)时细胞膜稳定性与对照基本一致;生物质炭的施入显著增强了黄瓜幼苗SOD活性,降低了CAT活性和光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素)含量,对APX活性影响规律性不显著,C 2%处理显著提高了POD活性。C 0.5%显著降低叶绿体荧光参数F_0、F_m与F_v/F_m值;低含量(C 0.5%)时Φ_(PSII)降低,而在中高含量时(C 1%和C 2%)Φ_(PSII)与对照基本一致;C 0.5%且DBP含量0 mg/kg时,q_P最大;施入生物质炭对NPQ的影响以C 1%最显著。灰色关联分析表明,生物质炭和DBP对黄瓜幼苗的影响首先从抗氧化酶活性上体现,然后叶绿素荧光系统做出相应的改变,最后影响到细胞膜的稳定性及光合色素含量的变化。研究结果为进一步研究生物质炭对设施作物生理特性影响、DBP污染治理及生物质炭的合理应用提供科学依据。
The effects of biochar on physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings in DBP contaminated soil were studied through simulation experiments. Four biochar treatments(CK, C 0.5%, C 1% and C 2%) and three DBP concentration gradients(0,20 and 40 mg/kg) were designed. The results showed that when the biochar was applied to DBP contaminated soil, the stability of cell membrane was enhanced at low concentration(C 0.5%), and remained basically the same as that of CK at high concentration(C 1% and C 2%). The application of biochar significantly enhanced SOD activity in cucumber seedlings, reduced CAT activity and content of photosynthetic pigment(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid), but had no regular effect on APX activity, and C 2% treatment significantly increased POD activity. C 0.5% treatment significantly decreased F_0, F_m and F_v/F_m. Φ_(PSII) decreased at low concentration(C 0.5%), and remained basically the same as that of CK at high concentration(C 1% and C 2%). When the biochar was 0.5%(C 5%) and DBP was 0 mg/kg, q_P was the largest. The effect of applying biochar on NPQ was the most significant in C 1%. Grey correlation analysis showed that the effects of biochar and DBP on cucumber seedlings were firstly reflected in the activities of main antioxidant enzyme, then the chlorophyll fluorescence system changed accordingly, and finally the stability of cell membrane and the change of photosynthetic pigments content were affected. The results could provide scientific basis for further research on biological characteristics of facility crops, DBP pollution control and reasonable application of biochar.
The effects of biochar on physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings in DBP contaminated soil were studied through simulation experiments. Four biochar treatments(CK, C 0.5%, C 1% and C 2%) and three DBP concentration gradients(0,20 and 40 mg/kg) were designed. The results showed that when the biochar was applied to DBP contaminated soil, the stability of cell membrane was enhanced at low concentration(C 0.5%), and remained basically the same as that of CK at high concentration(C 1% and C 2%). The application of biochar significantly enhanced SOD activity in cucumber seedlings, reduced CAT activity and content of photosynthetic pigment(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid), but had no regular effect on APX activity, and C 2% treatment significantly increased POD activity. C 0.5% treatment significantly decreased F_0, F_m and F_v/F_m. Φ_(PSII) decreased at low concentration(C 0.5%), and remained basically the same as that of CK at high concentration(C 1% and C 2%). When the biochar was 0.5%(C 5%) and DBP was 0 mg/kg, q_P was the largest. The effect of applying biochar on NPQ was the most significant in C 1%. Grey correlation analysis showed that the effects of biochar and DBP on cucumber seedlings were firstly reflected in the activities of main antioxidant enzyme, then the chlorophyll fluorescence system changed accordingly, and finally the stability of cell membrane and the change of photosynthetic pigments content were affected. The results could provide scientific basis for further research on biological characteristics of facility crops, DBP pollution control and reasonable application of biochar.
引文
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[16] 王建超,饶潇潇,周震峰.施用生物炭对花生产量及吸收累积邻苯二甲酸酯的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):329-333.
[17] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2008:30-106.
[18] Zhang Y,Du N,Wang L,et al.Physical and chemical indices of cucumber seedling leaves under dibutyl phthalate stress [J].Environmental Science Pollution Research,2015,22:3477-3488.
[19] 张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(6):970-977.
[20] Salar F S,Shahram T.Effect of biochar on growth and ion contents of bean plant under saline condition [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(S1):11556-11564.
[21] 王晓维,徐健程,孙丹平,等.生物炭对铜胁迫下红壤地油菜苗期叶绿素和保护性酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):640-646.
[22] 樊诗亮.生物质炭对±壤中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)生物有效性及微生物群落结构多样性的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015.
[23] 孙海燕,王炎.辣椒根系分泌的潜力化感物质对生菜幼苗抗氧化代谢的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2012,48(9):887-894.
[24] 张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[25] 黄韡,吴承祯,钱莲文.生物质炭对铝胁迫下常绿杨生理特征的影响[J].莆田学院学报,2014,21(2):42-45.
[2] 王凯荣,崔明明,史衍玺.农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2699-2708.
[3] 王丽霞.保护地邻苯二甲酸酯污染的研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2007.
[4] 赵振华,许征帆.北京市大气飘尘和土壤样品中邻苯二甲酸酯的分离鉴定[J].环境化学,1982,6:461-466
[5] 刘玲玲,姬亚芹,孙增荣.天津市郊区不同土地利用类型土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯含量的调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(8):690-692
[6] 郑顺安,薛颖昊,李晓华,等.山东寿光设施菜地土壤-农产品邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染特征调查[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(3):492-499.
[7] Zhang Y X,Huang B,Thomsen M,et al.One overlooked source from phthalate exposure-Oral intake of vegetables produced in plastic greenhouses in China [J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,642:1127-1135.
[8] 肖婧,王传杰,黄敏,等.生物质炭对设施大棚土壤性质与果蔬产量影响的整合分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):228-236.
[9] Marleena H,Riitta K,Lauri J,et al.The effects of birch (Betula spp.) biochar and pyrolysis temperature on soil properties and plant growth [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,163:224-234.
[10] 郭彦蓉,曾辉,刘阳生,等.生物质炭修复有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(1):8-13.
[11] 葛晓改,周本智,肖文发,等.生物质炭输入对土壤碳排放的激发效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2),339-345.
[12] Manuel O,Jose A,Vidal J A,et al.Wheat growth and yield responses to biochar addition under Mediterranean climate conditions [J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(8):1177-1187.
[13] Mukherjee A,Lal R.The biochar dilemma [J].Soil Research,2014,52(3):217-230.
[14] 刘铭龙,刘晓雨,潘根兴.生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达影响的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):789-798.
[15] Kearns J P,Shimabuku K K,Mahoney R B,et al.Meeting multiple water quality objectives through treatment using locally generated char:Improving organoleptic properties and removing synthetic organic contaminants and disinfection by-products [J].Journal of Water,Sanitation and Hygiene for Development,2015,5(3):359-372.
[16] 王建超,饶潇潇,周震峰.施用生物炭对花生产量及吸收累积邻苯二甲酸酯的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):329-333.
[17] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2008:30-106.
[18] Zhang Y,Du N,Wang L,et al.Physical and chemical indices of cucumber seedling leaves under dibutyl phthalate stress [J].Environmental Science Pollution Research,2015,22:3477-3488.
[19] 张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(6):970-977.
[20] Salar F S,Shahram T.Effect of biochar on growth and ion contents of bean plant under saline condition [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(S1):11556-11564.
[21] 王晓维,徐健程,孙丹平,等.生物炭对铜胁迫下红壤地油菜苗期叶绿素和保护性酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):640-646.
[22] 樊诗亮.生物质炭对±壤中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)生物有效性及微生物群落结构多样性的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015.
[23] 孙海燕,王炎.辣椒根系分泌的潜力化感物质对生菜幼苗抗氧化代谢的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2012,48(9):887-894.
[24] 张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[25] 黄韡,吴承祯,钱莲文.生物质炭对铝胁迫下常绿杨生理特征的影响[J].莆田学院学报,2014,21(2):42-45.
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