川渝地区甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因子的相关性分析
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摘要
基于Aura-OMI HCHO数据,研究川渝地区2009—2017年甲醛柱浓度变化及影响因素.结果表明:9年间川渝地区甲醛浓度变化总体较为平稳,与全国其他地区相比,浓度均值较低.年变化中,四川省甲醛浓度整体高于重庆市,川渝两地的年均最高值分别出现在2011年和2012年,且2015年重庆出现最大下降速率.整个研究区在最高值变化中,1月、2月及11月出现极高值.9年间甲醛浓度整体先上升后下降,浓度等级二级>一级>三级>其他级别,绝对高值集中分布在康定和雅安交界一带,季节变化呈现春季>秋季>夏季>冬季的规律,与全国其他地区夏季最高有所不同.稳定性方面,研究区中部偏西波动较大,东西两部较为稳定,康定和雅安交界处为高波动区,川西西部、川东平行岭谷和重庆为低波动区,其他地区为中等波动区.地形、气候和风向等自然因素的综合作用对甲醛浓度值的大小及空间分布贡献极大,自然地理条件尤其与极端高值高且集中的特点关系密切.社会经济因素中,生产总值增长速度和能源消费总量增长率与四川省和重庆市两地的甲醛浓度变化正相关关系较强,木材加工及草制品业与之负相关关系较强,而纺织业、化学原料和化学品制造业、石油和核燃料加工业只与四川省甲醛浓度有较强的负相关性,重庆相对较弱.
Based on Aura-OMI HCHO data, this thesis studied the changes of formaldehyde column concentration and its influencing factors in Sichuan and Chongqing from 2009 to 2017. The results showed that the changes of formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan and Chongqing areas are generally stable in 9 years,and the average concentration is lower than that in other regions of the country. In the annual change, the formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan Province was higher than that in Chongqing city as a whole, with the highest average annual values in 2011 and 2012 respectively, and the highest decline rate in 2015 in Chongqing. Among the highest values in the whole study area, there were extremely high values in January, February and November. In the past 9 years,the overall formaldehyde concentration increased first and then decreased,and the concentration level was level 2 > level 1 > level 3 > other levels. The absolute high values were concentrated in the border area between Kangding and Ya′an, and the seasonal variation showed the rule of the spring> autumn> summer> winter, which was different from the highest in summer in other parts of the country. In terms of stability, the west-central part of the study area fluctuated greatly, while the east-west part were relatively stable. The junction of Kangding and Ya′an was a high fluctuation zone, the west of sichuan, the east of Sichuan and parallel ridge valley and chongqing were low fluctuation zones, and the other areas were medium fluctuation zones. The combined effects of natural factors such as topography, climate and wind direction were contributed greatly to the size and spatial distribution of formaldehyde concentration. The natural geographical conditions were especially closely related to the characteristics of extremely high and concentrated values.Among the social-economic factors, the growth rate of GDP and total energy consumption had a strong positive correlation with formaldehyde concentration changes in Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality. The wood processing and straw products industries had a strong negative correlation with them.The textile industry, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry, oil and nuclear fuel processing industry had only a strong negative correlation with the formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan Province,while Chongqing is relatively weak.
Based on Aura-OMI HCHO data, this thesis studied the changes of formaldehyde column concentration and its influencing factors in Sichuan and Chongqing from 2009 to 2017. The results showed that the changes of formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan and Chongqing areas are generally stable in 9 years,and the average concentration is lower than that in other regions of the country. In the annual change, the formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan Province was higher than that in Chongqing city as a whole, with the highest average annual values in 2011 and 2012 respectively, and the highest decline rate in 2015 in Chongqing. Among the highest values in the whole study area, there were extremely high values in January, February and November. In the past 9 years,the overall formaldehyde concentration increased first and then decreased,and the concentration level was level 2 > level 1 > level 3 > other levels. The absolute high values were concentrated in the border area between Kangding and Ya′an, and the seasonal variation showed the rule of the spring> autumn> summer> winter, which was different from the highest in summer in other parts of the country. In terms of stability, the west-central part of the study area fluctuated greatly, while the east-west part were relatively stable. The junction of Kangding and Ya′an was a high fluctuation zone, the west of sichuan, the east of Sichuan and parallel ridge valley and chongqing were low fluctuation zones, and the other areas were medium fluctuation zones. The combined effects of natural factors such as topography, climate and wind direction were contributed greatly to the size and spatial distribution of formaldehyde concentration. The natural geographical conditions were especially closely related to the characteristics of extremely high and concentrated values.Among the social-economic factors, the growth rate of GDP and total energy consumption had a strong positive correlation with formaldehyde concentration changes in Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality. The wood processing and straw products industries had a strong negative correlation with them.The textile industry, chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry, oil and nuclear fuel processing industry had only a strong negative correlation with the formaldehyde concentration in Sichuan Province,while Chongqing is relatively weak.
引文
Bauwens M,Stavrakou T,Müller J F,et al.2016.Nine years of global hydrocarbon emissions based on source inversion of OMI formaldehyde observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,16(15):1-45
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Bovensmann H,Burrows J P,Buchwitz M,et al.1997.SCIAMACHY:Mission objectives and measurement modes [J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,56(2):125-150
白建辉,郝楠.2018.亚热带森林植物挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放通量与大气甲醛之间的关系[J].生态环境学报,27(6):991-999
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Chance K,Palmer P I,Spurr R J D,et al.2000.Satellite observations of formaldehyde over North America from GOME [J].Geophysical Research Letters,27(21):3461-3464
Curci G,Palmer P I,Kurosu T P,et al.2010.Estimating European volatile organic compound emissions using satellite observations of formaldehyde from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument [J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,10(23):11501-11517
Dasgupta P K,Li J,Zhang G,et al.2005.Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five U.S.metropolitan areas:Nashville,Atlanta,Houston,Philadelphia,and Tampa[J].Environmental Science & Technology,39(13):4767-4783
郭晓梅.2016.四川盆地空气质量气候特征及其大地形影响效应的观测模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学
Guven B B,Olaguer E P.2011.Ambient formaldehyde source attribution in Houston during TexAQS II and TRAMP [J].Atmospheric Environment,45(25):4272-4280
焦骄,刘旻霞,李俐蓉,等.2018.近12年华北五省区域对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(6):2191-2200
Kaiser J,Wolfe G M,Bohn B,et al.2014.Evidence for an unidentified ground-level source of formaldehyde in the Po Valley with potential implications for ozone production [J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(3):1289-1298
Largiuni O,Giacomelli M C,Piccardi G.2002.Concentration of peroxides and formaldehyde in air and rain and gas-rain partitioning [J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,41(1):1-20
Liu R,Feng T,Wang S,et al.2018.OMI satellite observed formaldehyde column from 2006 to 2015 over Xishuangbanna,southwest China,and validation using ground based zenith-sky DOAS[J].Science of the Total Environment,613-614:168-175
Luecken D J,Napelenok S L,Strum M,et al.2018.Sensitivity of ambient atmospheric formaldehyde and ozone to precursor species and source types across the United States[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(8):4668-4675
蔺晖钧.2011.四川三个典型地区大气降水化学特征初步探讨[D].成都:四川农业大学
刘宏庆,巨天珍,裴洁,等.2018.黑龙江省近12年甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,38(6):2001-2011
刘洋洋,刘宏庆,王振乾,等.2018.辽宁省近12年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(2):618-628
Martin R V.2008.Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(34):7823-7843
Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,113(D2):D02307
Sabolis A,Meskhidze N,Curci G,et al.2011.Interpreting elevated space-borne HCHO columns over the Mediterranean Sea using the OMI sensor[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,11(6):12787-12798
Smedt D,Stavrakou T,Hendrick F,et al.2015.Diurnal,seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(8):12241-12300
王伯光,刘灿,吕万明,等.2009.广州大气挥发性醛酮类化合物的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学,30(3):631-636
王妮.2017.重庆主城区大气污染物时空变化及影响因素分析[D].重庆:重庆师范大学
王少丽,王会祥,刘斌.2008.北京市大气甲醛浓度研究[J].环境科学研究,(3):27-30
王爽,巨天珍,咸龙,等.2018.京津冀对流层甲醛的时空演变特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1297-1305
咸龙,葛建团,徐敏,等.2018.珠江三角洲对流层HCHO柱浓度遥感监测及影响因子[J].中国环境科学,38(9):3221-3231
咸龙,巨天珍,陈雪萍,等.2019.近三年中国甲醛时空分布特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,39(6):1886-1894
谢顺涛,巨天珍,葛建团,等.2018.基于卫星遥感中国甲醛的时空分布及影响因子[J].中国环境科学,38(5):1677-1684
谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.2017.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,37(11):4253-4261
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Mickley L J,et al.2014.Anthropogenic emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in eastern Texas inferred from oversampling of satellite (OMI) measurements of HCHO columns[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(11):114004
张江峪,巨天珍,陈雪萍,等.2018.宁夏近10年甲醛柱浓度时空分布及其影响因素[J].环境科学研究,31(7):1214-1222
张亮林,潘竟虎,赖建波,等.2019.基于GWR降尺度的京津冀地区PM2.5质量浓度空间分布估算[J].环境科学学报:39(3):832-842
周国兵.2014.重庆市主城区气象条件对空气污染影响分析及数值模拟研究[D].兰州:兰州大学
Boeke N L,Marshall J D,Alvarez S,et al.2011.Formaldehyde columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument:Urban versus background levels and evaluation using aircraft data and a global model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,116(D5):D05303
Bovensmann H,Burrows J P,Buchwitz M,et al.1997.SCIAMACHY:Mission objectives and measurement modes [J].Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,56(2):125-150
白建辉,郝楠.2018.亚热带森林植物挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放通量与大气甲醛之间的关系[J].生态环境学报,27(6):991-999
Callies J,Corpaccioli E,Eisinger M,et al.2000.GOME-2-Metop′s second-generation sensor for operational ozone monitoring [J].ESAbulletin,102:28-36
Chance K,Palmer P I,Spurr R J D,et al.2000.Satellite observations of formaldehyde over North America from GOME [J].Geophysical Research Letters,27(21):3461-3464
Curci G,Palmer P I,Kurosu T P,et al.2010.Estimating European volatile organic compound emissions using satellite observations of formaldehyde from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument [J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,10(23):11501-11517
Dasgupta P K,Li J,Zhang G,et al.2005.Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five U.S.metropolitan areas:Nashville,Atlanta,Houston,Philadelphia,and Tampa[J].Environmental Science & Technology,39(13):4767-4783
郭晓梅.2016.四川盆地空气质量气候特征及其大地形影响效应的观测模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学
Guven B B,Olaguer E P.2011.Ambient formaldehyde source attribution in Houston during TexAQS II and TRAMP [J].Atmospheric Environment,45(25):4272-4280
焦骄,刘旻霞,李俐蓉,等.2018.近12年华北五省区域对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(6):2191-2200
Kaiser J,Wolfe G M,Bohn B,et al.2014.Evidence for an unidentified ground-level source of formaldehyde in the Po Valley with potential implications for ozone production [J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(3):1289-1298
Largiuni O,Giacomelli M C,Piccardi G.2002.Concentration of peroxides and formaldehyde in air and rain and gas-rain partitioning [J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,41(1):1-20
Liu R,Feng T,Wang S,et al.2018.OMI satellite observed formaldehyde column from 2006 to 2015 over Xishuangbanna,southwest China,and validation using ground based zenith-sky DOAS[J].Science of the Total Environment,613-614:168-175
Luecken D J,Napelenok S L,Strum M,et al.2018.Sensitivity of ambient atmospheric formaldehyde and ozone to precursor species and source types across the United States[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(8):4668-4675
蔺晖钧.2011.四川三个典型地区大气降水化学特征初步探讨[D].成都:四川农业大学
刘宏庆,巨天珍,裴洁,等.2018.黑龙江省近12年甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,38(6):2001-2011
刘洋洋,刘宏庆,王振乾,等.2018.辽宁省近12年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(2):618-628
Martin R V.2008.Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(34):7823-7843
Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,113(D2):D02307
Sabolis A,Meskhidze N,Curci G,et al.2011.Interpreting elevated space-borne HCHO columns over the Mediterranean Sea using the OMI sensor[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,11(6):12787-12798
Smedt D,Stavrakou T,Hendrick F,et al.2015.Diurnal,seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(8):12241-12300
王伯光,刘灿,吕万明,等.2009.广州大气挥发性醛酮类化合物的污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学,30(3):631-636
王妮.2017.重庆主城区大气污染物时空变化及影响因素分析[D].重庆:重庆师范大学
王少丽,王会祥,刘斌.2008.北京市大气甲醛浓度研究[J].环境科学研究,(3):27-30
王爽,巨天珍,咸龙,等.2018.京津冀对流层甲醛的时空演变特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1297-1305
咸龙,葛建团,徐敏,等.2018.珠江三角洲对流层HCHO柱浓度遥感监测及影响因子[J].中国环境科学,38(9):3221-3231
咸龙,巨天珍,陈雪萍,等.2019.近三年中国甲醛时空分布特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,39(6):1886-1894
谢顺涛,巨天珍,葛建团,等.2018.基于卫星遥感中国甲醛的时空分布及影响因子[J].中国环境科学,38(5):1677-1684
谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.2017.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,37(11):4253-4261
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Mickley L J,et al.2014.Anthropogenic emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in eastern Texas inferred from oversampling of satellite (OMI) measurements of HCHO columns[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(11):114004
张江峪,巨天珍,陈雪萍,等.2018.宁夏近10年甲醛柱浓度时空分布及其影响因素[J].环境科学研究,31(7):1214-1222
张亮林,潘竟虎,赖建波,等.2019.基于GWR降尺度的京津冀地区PM2.5质量浓度空间分布估算[J].环境科学学报:39(3):832-842
周国兵.2014.重庆市主城区气象条件对空气污染影响分析及数值模拟研究[D].兰州:兰州大学
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