广州市沿海平原地下水循环及转化规律初探
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摘要
首次把降水-地表水-地下水作为一个整体,利用多同位素技术(稳定和非稳定)结合水位监测、水化学分析,阐明了广州市南部咸水入侵区内降水、地表水以及地下水之间的相互关系。通过分析典型剖面水循环特征,提出了区域地下水循环模式。结果表明:大气降水中氢氧同位素含量主要受雨量效应控制,大气降水对河水的补给存在滞后作用。河水在不同时期补给来源存在差异性,旱季河水除了接受当时当地大气降水以外,还接受上游来水的滞后补给。旱季的咸淡水混合区相对雨季分布范围较广,雨季河水与海水的混合作用强于旱季。研究区内地下水大致分为2个分系统:一个为相对年轻的淡水系统,另一个为南部地下水年龄较老的系统。研究区分为2个地下水局部流场,南部为水头低值区,其沿海/河流部分受到海水入侵;北部为水头高值区,其主要为地下水排泄区。
This paper clarifies the relationship among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in southern saltwater intrusion area of Guangzhou by taking the precipitation, surface water and groundwater as a whole for the first time and combining the multi-isotope technology(stable and unstable) with water level monitoring and hydrochemical analysis, and proposes a regional groundwater cycle model based on the analysis of water cycle characteristics of typical profiles. The results show that: ①The content of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation is mainly controlled by rainfall.There is a lag in the recharge of river water by precipitation.②Therecharge sources of river water differ with different periods. In dry season, the river water is supplied by local precipitation and upstream water with delay. ③The distribution range of saline-fresh water mixing area in dry season is wider than that in rainy season. And the mixing effect of river water and sea water in rainy season is stronger than that in dry season. The groundwater in the study area can be roughly divided into two subsystems: one is a younger freshwater, and the other is an older groundwater system.The study area is divided into two local groundwater flow fields. The south part is the low-head area, and its coastal/river areas are invaded by sea water; while the north part is the high-head area, and the groundwater discharge area mainly.
This paper clarifies the relationship among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in southern saltwater intrusion area of Guangzhou by taking the precipitation, surface water and groundwater as a whole for the first time and combining the multi-isotope technology(stable and unstable) with water level monitoring and hydrochemical analysis, and proposes a regional groundwater cycle model based on the analysis of water cycle characteristics of typical profiles. The results show that: ①The content of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation is mainly controlled by rainfall.There is a lag in the recharge of river water by precipitation.②Therecharge sources of river water differ with different periods. In dry season, the river water is supplied by local precipitation and upstream water with delay. ③The distribution range of saline-fresh water mixing area in dry season is wider than that in rainy season. And the mixing effect of river water and sea water in rainy season is stronger than that in dry season. The groundwater in the study area can be roughly divided into two subsystems: one is a younger freshwater, and the other is an older groundwater system.The study area is divided into two local groundwater flow fields. The south part is the low-head area, and its coastal/river areas are invaded by sea water; while the north part is the high-head area, and the groundwater discharge area mainly.
引文
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[2] 李远青.近20年来珠江三角洲网河区水文要素变化特征分析[J].广东水利水电,2010(8):54-57.
[3] 莫思平,李越,卢素兰.广州水道咸潮影响因素分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2007(4):36-42.
[4] 覃光雄.珠江河口区地下水盐分分布特征及来源分析[D].广州:暨南大学,2018.
[5] 覃光雄,胡晓农,张晓影,等.珠江河口区地下水盐分空间变异特征分析[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(6):835-842.
[6] 李丹,曾慧,张明珠.广州市地下水禁、限采区划定与管理研究[J].广东水利水电,2018(9):68-72.
[7] 支兵发,姚普,姜守俊,等.珠江三角洲地下咸水形成的水化学证据[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(4):133-139.
[8] 支兵发,姚普,孔德秀,等.珠江三角洲区域地下咸水的起源与演化[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(7):52-58.
[9] 王忠忠,刘华.广州南部地区水文地质特征及含水层结构分析[J].地下水,2011,33(4):79-81.
[10]杨帆.广州南部咸水入侵区地下水演化特征的研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.
[11]宋献方,刘相超,夏军,等.基于环境同位素技术的怀沙河流域地表水和地下水转化关系研究[J].中国科学,2007,37(1):102-110.
[12] 李云.长江三角洲扬泰靖地区地下水同位素研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2007.
[13] 方成.曹妃甸区域地下水循环模式研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[14]张荷惠子,于坤霞,李占斌,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域不同水体氢氧同位素特征[J].环境科学,2019(7):1-13.
[15]杨羽帆,曹生奎,冯起,等.青海湖沙柳河流域浅层地下水氢氧稳定同位素分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2019(5):1-9.
[16]程瑶,蒋蓉,王雨春,等.三峡库区典型支流氢氧同位素时空分布特征研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(20):13-18.
[17]朱谱成,耿新新,马琳娜,等.基于同位素-水化学的东胜矿区地下水循环研究[J].人民黄河,2018,40(9):47-52.
[18]孙芳强,尹立河,马洪云,等.三工河流域氢氧同位素特征及其水循环意义[J].人民黄河,2016,38(12):106-109.
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