黑斑蛙养殖模式对稻田土壤肥力、土壤酶活性的影响及其经济效益
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摘要
对两种黑斑蛙养殖模式即黑斑蛙精养和稻蛙共生进行田间对比试验,旨在比较分析两种模式下的稻田土壤肥力、生物酶活性变化特征,并与水稻单作进行经济效益比较。试验结果表明,与黑斑蛙精养田相比,进行稻—蛙共生的稻田土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾均有所增加,增幅分别为87.5%、28.4%、10.0%、120.7%,而全氮、有效磷、有机质却低于精养田(p<0.05),分别减少了41.6%、66.7%、41.3%;但两种模式的C/N无明显差异。在土壤生物酶活方面,精养田土壤中的中性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和脲酶均明显高于稻蛙田(p<0.05),分别提高43.4%、65.9%、62.6%。水稻单作模式一般利润为1650元/公顷左右,而两种黑斑蛙养殖模式的经济效益显著高于水稻单作,其利润分别为297 750、119 250元/公顷,三者的产投比分别为1.99、1.60、1.18。从经济效益看,精养模式明显高于稻蛙共生模式,但从养殖管理和风险管控而言,稻蛙共生模式操作更为稳当,且经济效益较水稻单作仍较为可观,可在确保粮食安全前提下,有效提高农民生产积极性,实现保产增收、提质增效。
A field comparative experiment was conducted on the intensive culture of Rana nigromaculata and rice frog symbiosis in order to compare and analyze the changes of soil fertility and enzyme activities in paddy fields under the two models,and to compare the economic benefits with that of rice monoculture.The results showed that the total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in rice-frog symbiotic paddy soil increased by 87.5%,28.4%,10.0% and 120.7%,respectively,compared with the intensive cultivation field of Rana nigromaculata, but the total nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter were lower than those of intensive culture of Rana nigromaculata(p< 0.05),which decreased by 41.6%,66.7% and 41.3% respectively,however,there was no significant difference in C/N between the two models.In terms of soil bio-enzymatic activity,the neutral phosphatase,dehydrogenase and urease in the intensive field were significantly higher than those in the rice-frog field(p< 0.05),which increased by 43.4%,65.9% and 62.6% respectively.The profit of rice monoculture was about 1650 yuan per hectare,while the economic benefit of two cultivation modes of Rana nigromaculata was significantly higher than that of rice monoculture.Their profit is 297 750 yuan per hectare and 119 250 yuan per hectare,respectively.The ratio of production to investment was 1.99 yuan,1.60 yuan and 1.18 yuan per hectare.From the point of view of economic benefit,intensive breeding mode was obviously higher than rice frog symbiosis mode,but from the point of view of breeding management and risk control,rice frog symbiosis mode was more stable in operation,and its economic benefit was still considerable compared with rice monoculture.Under the premise of ensuring food security,it can effectively improve farmers' production enthusiasm,achieve yield,income,quality and efficiency.
A field comparative experiment was conducted on the intensive culture of Rana nigromaculata and rice frog symbiosis in order to compare and analyze the changes of soil fertility and enzyme activities in paddy fields under the two models,and to compare the economic benefits with that of rice monoculture.The results showed that the total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in rice-frog symbiotic paddy soil increased by 87.5%,28.4%,10.0% and 120.7%,respectively,compared with the intensive cultivation field of Rana nigromaculata, but the total nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter were lower than those of intensive culture of Rana nigromaculata(p< 0.05),which decreased by 41.6%,66.7% and 41.3% respectively,however,there was no significant difference in C/N between the two models.In terms of soil bio-enzymatic activity,the neutral phosphatase,dehydrogenase and urease in the intensive field were significantly higher than those in the rice-frog field(p< 0.05),which increased by 43.4%,65.9% and 62.6% respectively.The profit of rice monoculture was about 1650 yuan per hectare,while the economic benefit of two cultivation modes of Rana nigromaculata was significantly higher than that of rice monoculture.Their profit is 297 750 yuan per hectare and 119 250 yuan per hectare,respectively.The ratio of production to investment was 1.99 yuan,1.60 yuan and 1.18 yuan per hectare.From the point of view of economic benefit,intensive breeding mode was obviously higher than rice frog symbiosis mode,but from the point of view of breeding management and risk control,rice frog symbiosis mode was more stable in operation,and its economic benefit was still considerable compared with rice monoculture.Under the premise of ensuring food security,it can effectively improve farmers' production enthusiasm,achieve yield,income,quality and efficiency.
引文
[1] 杨玉慧,张德兴,李义明,等.中国黑斑蛙种群的线粒体DNA多样性和生物地理演化过程的初探[J].动物学报,2004,50(2):193-201.
[2] 何志刚,伍远安,徐永福,等.野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉营养品质的比较分析[J].水产科学,2019,38(4):506-513.
[3] 武正军,李义明.两栖类种群数量下降原因及保护对策[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):140-146.
[4] 庞涛.又一品种成华中地区新风口!一场会议汇聚科研、饲料、动保、养殖,黑斑蛙大有崛起之势[J].当代水产,2018(1):74-75.
[5] 陈克春,孙潜,吴爱国,等.稻渔综合种养5种模式养殖试验与前景探讨[J].科学养鱼,2019,4(2):3-5.
[6] 杨飞翔,黄璜,陈灿,等.“稻—小龙虾”连作生态种养技术[J].作物研究,2019,33(1):66-69.
[7] 周江伟,刘贵斌,吴涛,等.不同种养模式对水稻根系生长和产量性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(13):55-58.
[8] 陈灿,黄璜,郑华斌,等.稻田不同生态种养模式对稻米品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(2):17-19.
[9] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:146-190.
[10] 陈灿,郑华斌,黄璜,等.稻田养鳅模式对稻米品质和经济效益的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):124-127.
[11] 方畅宇,屠乃美,张清壮,等.不同施肥模式对稻田土壤速效养分量及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):462-468.
[12] 谢立钧,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.土壤有机质含量对水稻苗期生长的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(9):92-94.
[13] 佀国涵,彭成林,徐祥玉,等.稻虾共作模式对涝渍稻田土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):61-68.
[14] 张春华,王宗明,居为民,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮比的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1407-1414.
[15] 董凯凯,王惠,杨丽原,等.人工恢复黄河三角洲湿地土壤碳氮含量变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4778-4782.
[16] 邹文娟,许晓慧,王国武,等.光合细菌和枯草芽孢杆菌在污水处理中的应用[J].广东农业科学,2010(9):199-201.
[17] 王俊华,尹睿,张华勇,等.长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):191-196.
[18] 林海雁,黄倩霞,邵紫依,等.养殖虎纹蛙稻田土壤酶活性及主要养分含量特征[J].核农学报,2018,32(4):802-808.
[19] 李鹏程,董合林,刘敬然,等.棉田土壤酶活性对尿素用量的响应[J].棉花学报,2015,27(6):542-549.
[20] 彭小兰,王德建,王灿,等.长期不同施肥处理对麦季土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):200-206.
[2] 何志刚,伍远安,徐永福,等.野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉营养品质的比较分析[J].水产科学,2019,38(4):506-513.
[3] 武正军,李义明.两栖类种群数量下降原因及保护对策[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):140-146.
[4] 庞涛.又一品种成华中地区新风口!一场会议汇聚科研、饲料、动保、养殖,黑斑蛙大有崛起之势[J].当代水产,2018(1):74-75.
[5] 陈克春,孙潜,吴爱国,等.稻渔综合种养5种模式养殖试验与前景探讨[J].科学养鱼,2019,4(2):3-5.
[6] 杨飞翔,黄璜,陈灿,等.“稻—小龙虾”连作生态种养技术[J].作物研究,2019,33(1):66-69.
[7] 周江伟,刘贵斌,吴涛,等.不同种养模式对水稻根系生长和产量性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(13):55-58.
[8] 陈灿,黄璜,郑华斌,等.稻田不同生态种养模式对稻米品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(2):17-19.
[9] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:146-190.
[10] 陈灿,郑华斌,黄璜,等.稻田养鳅模式对稻米品质和经济效益的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):124-127.
[11] 方畅宇,屠乃美,张清壮,等.不同施肥模式对稻田土壤速效养分量及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):462-468.
[12] 谢立钧,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.土壤有机质含量对水稻苗期生长的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(9):92-94.
[13] 佀国涵,彭成林,徐祥玉,等.稻虾共作模式对涝渍稻田土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):61-68.
[14] 张春华,王宗明,居为民,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮比的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1407-1414.
[15] 董凯凯,王惠,杨丽原,等.人工恢复黄河三角洲湿地土壤碳氮含量变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4778-4782.
[16] 邹文娟,许晓慧,王国武,等.光合细菌和枯草芽孢杆菌在污水处理中的应用[J].广东农业科学,2010(9):199-201.
[17] 王俊华,尹睿,张华勇,等.长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):191-196.
[18] 林海雁,黄倩霞,邵紫依,等.养殖虎纹蛙稻田土壤酶活性及主要养分含量特征[J].核农学报,2018,32(4):802-808.
[19] 李鹏程,董合林,刘敬然,等.棉田土壤酶活性对尿素用量的响应[J].棉花学报,2015,27(6):542-549.
[20] 彭小兰,王德建,王灿,等.长期不同施肥处理对麦季土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):200-206.
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