论岛礁建设在岛屿主权争端中的证明作用
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摘要
岛屿主权争端主要是因为国家间关于岛屿主权归属而产生的法律上或事实上的分歧或对立。国际法赋予了主权国家利用本国领土的权利,而此权利同样适用于构成一国领土的岛屿、岩礁。一方面,岛礁建设是主权国家实施的领土建设与改良活动,充分体现主权国家对岛礁的领土主权要求。另一方面,在国际司法实践中,主权活动体现主权国家对争议领土的有效控制,但其并不是判定领土主权归属的唯一证据,还要结合其他国际法原则进一步进行认定。岛礁建设作为主权活动,需要依据主权活动的证明作用予以进一步明确。
Islands sovereignty dispute is a legal or facto difference or opposition between countries on the ownership of islands. International law gives sovereign states the right to use their territory. This right also applies to the islands and rocks that constitute the territory of a state. On the one hand,islands construction is the territorial construction and improvement activity carried out by sovereign states and is the claim of territorial sovereignty by the sovereign states. On the other hand,in the international judicial practice,though it is the efficient control by the sovereign states,it is not the sole evidence of the territoral sovereignty and needs to be further judged in accordance with the principles of international law. As a sovereign activity,islands construction needs to be proved and clarified by sovereign activities.
Islands sovereignty dispute is a legal or facto difference or opposition between countries on the ownership of islands. International law gives sovereign states the right to use their territory. This right also applies to the islands and rocks that constitute the territory of a state. On the one hand,islands construction is the territorial construction and improvement activity carried out by sovereign states and is the claim of territorial sovereignty by the sovereign states. On the other hand,in the international judicial practice,though it is the efficient control by the sovereign states,it is not the sole evidence of the territoral sovereignty and needs to be further judged in accordance with the principles of international law. As a sovereign activity,islands construction needs to be proved and clarified by sovereign activities.
引文
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[15]杨泽伟.论国际法上的自然资源永久主权[J].法商研究,2003(4):67-75.
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[21]周鲠生.国际法大纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,1929:37.
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[23]ICJ.Frontier dispute(Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali)[R].Hague:ICJ,1986:63.
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[25]曲波.禁反言在国际法中的适用---以领土争端案为例[J].法学杂志,2014,35(8):16-25.
[26]贺其志.国家责任法及案例浅析[M].北京:法律出版社,2003:155.
[27]王丽娜.我国南海岛礁民事功能建设若干法律问题研究[J].海南大学学报(人文社科版),2016,34(4):30.
[28]中方:对赤瓜礁有绝对主权若在建设也属主权内[EB/OL].(2014-05-16)[2019-04-12].http://news.163.com/14/0516/08/9SBQFGUB000146BE.html.
[29]王勇.中国在南沙群岛扩礁加固行为的国际法效力问题[J].太平洋学报,2015(9):12-22.
[30]荆鸣.论南海仲裁案实体裁决中岛屿和岩礁判断基准的瑕疵[J].中国海商法研究,2018,29(1):112.
[2]邹克渊.岛礁建设对南海领土争端的影响:国际法上的挑战[J].亚太安全与海洋研究,2015(5):1.
[3]俞世峰.造岛行为的主权合法性判别[J].法学,2015(7).
[4]曲波.岛屿争端的判定[J].社会科学辑刊,2015(5).
[5]贾兵兵.国际公法:和平时期的解释与适用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015.
[6]孔令杰.领土争端成案研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016.
[7]李浩培.论條约必须信守原则[J].法学杂志,1985(1):16.
[8]ICJ.Case concerning sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan(Indonesia v.Malaysia)[R].Hague:ICJ,2002.
[9]RATNER S R.Land feuds and their solution:finding international law beyond the tribunal chamber[J].American Journal of International Law,2006,100(4):812.
[10]ICJ.Case concerning land,island and maritime frontier dispute(EL Salvador/Honduras:Nicaragua intervening)[R].Hague:ICJ,1992:368.
[11]MUNKMAN A L W.Adjudication and adjustment-in-ternational judicial decision and the settlement of terri-torial and boundary disputes[J].British Yearbook of International Law,1972-1973:46.
[12]曲波.国际法院解决岛屿主权争端适用的法律原则[J].法学杂志,2011,32(2):80.
[13]张卫彬.南海争端关键日期的确定[J].法商研究,2018(6):123-133.
[14]张卫彬.国际法上岛礁的“占有”与南沙群岛问题[J].法商研究,2016(5):172-183.
[15]杨泽伟.论国际法上的自然资源永久主权[J].法商研究,2003(4):67-75.
[16]PCIJ.Legal status of Eastern Greenland(Denmark v.Norway)[R].Hague:PCIJ,1933:45.
[17]吴士存.国际海洋法最新案例精选[M].北京:中国民主法治出版社,2016.
[18]ICJ.Marine delimitation and territory questions between Qatar and Bahrain[R].Hague:ICJ,2001.
[19]HARRIS D J.Cases and materialson international law[M].London:Sweet&Maxwell,2004:169-180.
[20]黄瑶,凌嘉铭.从国际司法裁决看有效控制规则的适用---兼论南沙群岛主权归属[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2011,51(4).
[21]周鲠生.国际法大纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,1929:37.
[22]赵建文.国际法新论[M].北京:法律出版社,2000:37.
[23]ICJ.Frontier dispute(Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali)[R].Hague:ICJ,1986:63.
[24]SHAW M N.International law[M].6th ed.New York:Cambridge University Press,2008:517.
[25]曲波.禁反言在国际法中的适用---以领土争端案为例[J].法学杂志,2014,35(8):16-25.
[26]贺其志.国家责任法及案例浅析[M].北京:法律出版社,2003:155.
[27]王丽娜.我国南海岛礁民事功能建设若干法律问题研究[J].海南大学学报(人文社科版),2016,34(4):30.
[28]中方:对赤瓜礁有绝对主权若在建设也属主权内[EB/OL].(2014-05-16)[2019-04-12].http://news.163.com/14/0516/08/9SBQFGUB000146BE.html.
[29]王勇.中国在南沙群岛扩礁加固行为的国际法效力问题[J].太平洋学报,2015(9):12-22.
[30]荆鸣.论南海仲裁案实体裁决中岛屿和岩礁判断基准的瑕疵[J].中国海商法研究,2018,29(1):112.
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