致密油藏分段多簇压裂水平井非稳态产能模型
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摘要
针对段/簇间裂缝渗流场差异,基于线性流分区模型,考虑致密储层低速非达西流动和裂缝渗透率应力敏感特征,建立了致密油藏分段多簇压裂水平井非稳态产能模型。矿场实例验证了模型的正确性。模型计算分析显示:启动压力梯度主要影响油井的中后期产能,储层改造形成的复杂裂缝网络可有效降低非达西流动对油井前期产能的影响;裂缝渗透率应力敏感性对油井产油量影响较大,应力敏感系数越大,油井的产油量和累积产油量越低;裂缝总数较小时,裂缝的段簇比对累积产油量影响较大,相同裂缝条数下,段簇比越大,累积产油量越大;随储层改造体积增大,油井累积产油量增幅逐渐变缓。该研究结果可对致密油藏分段多簇压裂水平井产能评价提供理论依据。
Aiming at the difference of seepage field for fractures between segment and cluster,based on the linear flow zoning model,the unsteady productivity model of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir was established,in which the effects of non-Darcy flow and stress sensitivity of tight oil reservoir were considered. The oilfield example verified the correctness validity of the model. The calculation of the model shows that the threshold pressure gradient mainly affects the productivity of oil wells in the middle and late stages,and the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)formed by reservoir transformation can effectively reduce the impact of non-Darcy flow on the productivity of oil wells in the early stage. The fracture permeability stress sensitivity has great impact on oil well production. The greater the stress sensitivity coefficient,the lower the oil well production and cumulative production. When the total number of fractures is small,the segment-cluster ratio of fractures has a greater influence on the cumulative oil production. Under the same number of fractures,the largerthe segment-cluster ratio,the greater the cumulative oil production. The cumulative oil production increase gradually slows down as the SRV increases. The results can provide theoretical basis for productivity evaluation of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir.
Aiming at the difference of seepage field for fractures between segment and cluster,based on the linear flow zoning model,the unsteady productivity model of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir was established,in which the effects of non-Darcy flow and stress sensitivity of tight oil reservoir were considered. The oilfield example verified the correctness validity of the model. The calculation of the model shows that the threshold pressure gradient mainly affects the productivity of oil wells in the middle and late stages,and the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)formed by reservoir transformation can effectively reduce the impact of non-Darcy flow on the productivity of oil wells in the early stage. The fracture permeability stress sensitivity has great impact on oil well production. The greater the stress sensitivity coefficient,the lower the oil well production and cumulative production. When the total number of fractures is small,the segment-cluster ratio of fractures has a greater influence on the cumulative oil production. Under the same number of fractures,the largerthe segment-cluster ratio,the greater the cumulative oil production. The cumulative oil production increase gradually slows down as the SRV increases. The results can provide theoretical basis for productivity evaluation of segmented multi-cluster fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir.
引文
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[5]邓学峰.致密低渗油藏压裂水平井合理生产压差优化设计.岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):135-139.DENG X F. Optimization of reasonable production pressure difference of fractured horizontal well in low permeability tight reservoirs. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):135-139.
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[7]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论.天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.WU Q,XU Y,WANG T F,et al. The revolution of reservoir stimulation:an introduction of volume fracturing. Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[8]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术:内涵、优化设计与实现.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):352-358.WU Q,XU Y,WANG X Q,et al. Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:Connotation,optimization design and implementation. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):352-358.
[9]王文东,苏玉亮,慕立俊,等.致密油藏直井体积压裂储层改造体积的影响因素.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):93-97.WANG W D,SU Y L,MU L J,et al. Influencing factors of stimulated reservoir volume of vertical wells in tight oil reservoirs.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2013,37(3):93-97.
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[11] WANG H,LIAO X,LU N,et al. A study on development effect of horizontal well with SRV in unconventional tight oil reservoir. Journal of the Energy Institute,2014,87(2):114-120.
[12]苏皓,雷征东,张荻萩,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井参数优化研究.岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):140-148.SU H,LEI Z D,ZHANG D Q,et al. Volume fracturing parameters optimization of horizontal well in tight reservoir. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):140-148.
[13] BROWN M,OZKAN E,RAGHAVAN R,et al. Practical solutions for pressure-transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional shale reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(6):663-676.
[14] STALGOROVA E,MATTAR L. Analytical model for unconventional multi fractured composite systems. SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2013,16(3):246-256.
[15]姚军,殷修杏,樊冬艳,等.低渗透油藏的压裂水平井三线性流试井模型.油气井测试,2011,20(5):1-5.YAO J,YIN X X,FAN D Y,et al. Trilinear-flow well test model of fractured horizontal well in low permeability reservoir. Well Testing,2011,20(5):1-5.
[16]苏玉亮,王文东,周诗雨,等.体积压裂水平井三线性流模型与布缝策略.石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):435-440.SU Y L,WANG W D,ZHOU S Y,et al. Trilinear flow model and fracture arrangement of volume-fractured horizontal well.Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):435-440.
[17]赵二猛,尹洪军,张海霞.致密油藏体积压裂水平井变窜流系数模型研究.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2016,31(4):454-462.ZHAO E M,YIN H J,ZHANG H X. A study on model of volume fracturing horizontal wells with variable interporosity flow coefficient in tight oil reservoirs. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,31(4):454-462.
[18]苏玉亮,王文东,盛广龙.体积压裂水平井复合流动模型.石油学报,2014,35(3):504-510.SU Y L,WANG W D,SHENG G L. Compound flow model of volume fractured horizontal well. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):504-510.
[19]姬靖皓,姚约东,马雄强,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井不稳定压力分析.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2017,32(4):491-501.JI J H,YAO Y D,MA X Q,et al. Pressure transient analysis for volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(4):491-501.
[20] JI J H,YAO Y D,HUANG S,et al. Analytical model for production performance analysis of multi-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,158:380-397.
[21]郭肖,徐模,高涛.页岩气藏压裂水平井复合线性流模型.油气藏评价与开发,2016,6(5):72-77.GUO X,XU M,GAO T. Compound linear flow model of fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoir. Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2016,6(5):72-77.
[22] PEDROSA JR O A. Pressure transient response in stress-sensitive formations. SPE 15115,1986.
[23] STEHFEST H. Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms.Communications of the ACM,1970,13(1):47-49.
[24] MEYER B R,BAZAN L W,JACOT R H,et al. Optimization of multiple transverse hydraulic fractures in horizontal wellbores. SPE 131732,2010.
[25]张芮菡,张烈辉,卢晓敏,等.低渗透裂缝性油藏压裂水平井产能动态分析.科学技术与工程,2014,14(16):41-48.ZHANG R H,ZHANG L H,LU X M,et al. Deliverability analysis of fractured horizontal wells in low permeability fractured reservoir. Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(16):41-48.
[26]郝斐,程林松,李春兰,等.特低渗透油藏启动压力梯度研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,28(6):29-32.HAO F,CHENG L S,LI C L,et al. Study on threshold pressure gradient in ultra-low permeability reservoir. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,28(6):29-32.
[2]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景.石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.JIA C Z,ZOU C N,LI J Z,et al. Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
[3]郭彦如,刘俊榜,杨华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组低渗透致密岩性油藏成藏机理.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):417-425.GUO Y R,LIU J B,YANG H,et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of low permeable tight lithologic oil reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):417-425.
[4]蒋廷学,王海涛,卞晓冰,等.水平井体积压裂技术研究与应用.岩性油气藏,2018,30(3):1-11.JIANG T X,WANG H T,BIAN X B,et al. Volume fracturing technology for horizontal well and its application. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(3):1-11.
[5]邓学峰.致密低渗油藏压裂水平井合理生产压差优化设计.岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):135-139.DENG X F. Optimization of reasonable production pressure difference of fractured horizontal well in low permeability tight reservoirs. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):135-139.
[6]王文东,赵广渊,苏玉亮,等.致密油藏体积压裂技术应用.新疆石油地质,2013,34(3):345-348.WANG W D,ZHAO G Y,SU Y L,et al. Application of network fracturing technology to tight oil reservoirs. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(3):345-348.
[7]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论.天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.WU Q,XU Y,WANG T F,et al. The revolution of reservoir stimulation:an introduction of volume fracturing. Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[8]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术:内涵、优化设计与实现.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):352-358.WU Q,XU Y,WANG X Q,et al. Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:Connotation,optimization design and implementation. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):352-358.
[9]王文东,苏玉亮,慕立俊,等.致密油藏直井体积压裂储层改造体积的影响因素.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):93-97.WANG W D,SU Y L,MU L J,et al. Influencing factors of stimulated reservoir volume of vertical wells in tight oil reservoirs.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2013,37(3):93-97.
[10] CIPOLLA C L. Modeling production and evaluating fracture performance in unconventional gas reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Technology,2009,61(9):84-90.
[11] WANG H,LIAO X,LU N,et al. A study on development effect of horizontal well with SRV in unconventional tight oil reservoir. Journal of the Energy Institute,2014,87(2):114-120.
[12]苏皓,雷征东,张荻萩,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井参数优化研究.岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):140-148.SU H,LEI Z D,ZHANG D Q,et al. Volume fracturing parameters optimization of horizontal well in tight reservoir. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):140-148.
[13] BROWN M,OZKAN E,RAGHAVAN R,et al. Practical solutions for pressure-transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional shale reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(6):663-676.
[14] STALGOROVA E,MATTAR L. Analytical model for unconventional multi fractured composite systems. SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2013,16(3):246-256.
[15]姚军,殷修杏,樊冬艳,等.低渗透油藏的压裂水平井三线性流试井模型.油气井测试,2011,20(5):1-5.YAO J,YIN X X,FAN D Y,et al. Trilinear-flow well test model of fractured horizontal well in low permeability reservoir. Well Testing,2011,20(5):1-5.
[16]苏玉亮,王文东,周诗雨,等.体积压裂水平井三线性流模型与布缝策略.石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):435-440.SU Y L,WANG W D,ZHOU S Y,et al. Trilinear flow model and fracture arrangement of volume-fractured horizontal well.Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):435-440.
[17]赵二猛,尹洪军,张海霞.致密油藏体积压裂水平井变窜流系数模型研究.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2016,31(4):454-462.ZHAO E M,YIN H J,ZHANG H X. A study on model of volume fracturing horizontal wells with variable interporosity flow coefficient in tight oil reservoirs. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,31(4):454-462.
[18]苏玉亮,王文东,盛广龙.体积压裂水平井复合流动模型.石油学报,2014,35(3):504-510.SU Y L,WANG W D,SHENG G L. Compound flow model of volume fractured horizontal well. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):504-510.
[19]姬靖皓,姚约东,马雄强,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井不稳定压力分析.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2017,32(4):491-501.JI J H,YAO Y D,MA X Q,et al. Pressure transient analysis for volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(4):491-501.
[20] JI J H,YAO Y D,HUANG S,et al. Analytical model for production performance analysis of multi-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,158:380-397.
[21]郭肖,徐模,高涛.页岩气藏压裂水平井复合线性流模型.油气藏评价与开发,2016,6(5):72-77.GUO X,XU M,GAO T. Compound linear flow model of fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoir. Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2016,6(5):72-77.
[22] PEDROSA JR O A. Pressure transient response in stress-sensitive formations. SPE 15115,1986.
[23] STEHFEST H. Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms.Communications of the ACM,1970,13(1):47-49.
[24] MEYER B R,BAZAN L W,JACOT R H,et al. Optimization of multiple transverse hydraulic fractures in horizontal wellbores. SPE 131732,2010.
[25]张芮菡,张烈辉,卢晓敏,等.低渗透裂缝性油藏压裂水平井产能动态分析.科学技术与工程,2014,14(16):41-48.ZHANG R H,ZHANG L H,LU X M,et al. Deliverability analysis of fractured horizontal wells in low permeability fractured reservoir. Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(16):41-48.
[26]郝斐,程林松,李春兰,等.特低渗透油藏启动压力梯度研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,28(6):29-32.HAO F,CHENG L S,LI C L,et al. Study on threshold pressure gradient in ultra-low permeability reservoir. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2016,28(6):29-32.
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