中国东部沙漠/沙地全新世地层序列及其古环境
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摘要
通过对比中国东部沙漠/沙地典型地层序列的年代和古环境代用指标,文章揭示了中国东部沙漠-沙地全新世以来的地表环境变化特征及其对古气候变化的响应.风沙-古土壤沉积序列中一系列的古环境代用指标和光释光测年数据显示:(1)库布齐沙漠大规模现代沙丘景观形成于全新世时期;并在4～2ka期间普遍发育古土壤,指示了该时段区域降水量或有效湿度增加并促进了植被生长,风沙活动减弱,进而导致有机质累积、土壤发育;最近2ka沙丘大规模的扩张除了受自然因素影响,还与人类活动密不可分,丰富的沙源和人类活动共同促成了该沙漠现代景观的形成.(2)浑善达克沙地现代沙丘景观可能形成于12ka左右,而在此之前浑善达克沙地西部应是一个大湖;在9.6～3ka期间,浑善达克沙地比现代明显湿润,普遍发育古土壤,然而风沙活动并未完全停止;全新世湿润期在该沙地可能具有穿时性,沙地东部气候条件的转好早于西部.(3)呼伦贝尔沙地的古土壤早在14.5ka便开始发育,可能一直延续到最近2ka.中国东部各个沙地的古土壤发育具有高度的空间异质性,甚至各个沙地内部不同地点的古土壤发育时间也不一致,但是总体上中全新世(尤其是在7.5～3.5ka)各个沙地趋于固定,风沙活动强度显著减弱.近十年来中国东部沙地的古环境记录数量迅速增长,但是已经发表的数据数量与中国东部沙地广大的空间范围仍然不匹配,要全面理解中国北方风沙活动与气候变化的关系还需对更多的风沙沉积剖面进行深入研究.
引文
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Li H,Yang X.2014.Temperate dryland vegetation changes under a warming climate and strong human intervention-With a particular reference to the district Xilin Gol,Inner Mongolia,China.Catena,119:9-20
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