基于钻孔形态分析的地应力测量方法研究
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摘要
地应力作用下的钻孔孔壁会发生一定程度的变形,导致钻孔横截面形状会发生变化,变形后的钻孔几何形态也反映了钻孔受力状态。在经典岩石力学理论的基础上,研究钻孔在平面二维应力作用下的几何形态,建立应力与变形后圆孔几何参数的关系,实现基于钻孔椭圆参数的应力解算,并提出钻孔椭圆参数的测量方法和测量技术,形成一种新的基于钻孔形态分析的地应力测量方法。结果表明,(1)在平面二维应力作用下圆孔变形后的几何形态为椭圆,推导了椭圆参数与应力的关系表达式;(2)利用3个不同方向的孔径值可以实现椭圆参数的解算,研发触头式显微光学孔径测量技术,实现了钻孔形态的测量,从原理上分析了技术实现的可行性,并就该技术进行地应力测量过程中可能存在的问题进行了探讨;(3)通过室内模拟试验,验证了技术原理的可行性,并通过误差分析和实例计算对该方法测量结果的准确性进行了讨论。
The wall of borehole tends to deform under in-situ stress state, resulting in a change in the cross-sectional shape of the borehole. Accordingly the morphology of borehole after deformation also reflects the stress state of borehole. Based on the classical rock mechanics theory, the geometric shape of borehole under the plane two-dimensional stress is studied, and the relationship between the stress and geometric parameters of the circular hole after deformation is established. The stress solution based on the elliptical parameters of the borehole is realized. The measuring method and measuring technology of borehole elliptical parameters is proposed, forming a new in-situ stress measuring method based on borehole shape analysis. The conclusions are as follows:(1) under the action of plane two-dimensional stress, the geometric shape of the circular hole turns to be ellipse, and the relationship between the ellipse parameter and the stress is derived;(2) the parameters of ellipse can be resolved by using the diameter values in three different directions. Besides, the contact micro-optical aperture measurement technology is developed to measure the morphology of borehole. The feasibility of this new measurement technology is analyzed from the principle point of view. Furthermore, the possible problems of this technology in measuring the in-situ stress were discussed;(3) based on the indoor simulation tests, the feasibility of the technical principle is verified. The accuracy of measurement results is also discussed through error analysis and example calculation.
The wall of borehole tends to deform under in-situ stress state, resulting in a change in the cross-sectional shape of the borehole. Accordingly the morphology of borehole after deformation also reflects the stress state of borehole. Based on the classical rock mechanics theory, the geometric shape of borehole under the plane two-dimensional stress is studied, and the relationship between the stress and geometric parameters of the circular hole after deformation is established. The stress solution based on the elliptical parameters of the borehole is realized. The measuring method and measuring technology of borehole elliptical parameters is proposed, forming a new in-situ stress measuring method based on borehole shape analysis. The conclusions are as follows:(1) under the action of plane two-dimensional stress, the geometric shape of the circular hole turns to be ellipse, and the relationship between the ellipse parameter and the stress is derived;(2) the parameters of ellipse can be resolved by using the diameter values in three different directions. Besides, the contact micro-optical aperture measurement technology is developed to measure the morphology of borehole. The feasibility of this new measurement technology is analyzed from the principle point of view. Furthermore, the possible problems of this technology in measuring the in-situ stress were discussed;(3) based on the indoor simulation tests, the feasibility of the technical principle is verified. The accuracy of measurement results is also discussed through error analysis and example calculation.
引文
[1]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000:68-90.CAI Mei-feng. The principle and technology of in-situ stress measurement[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2000:68-90.
[2] AMADEI B, STEPHANSSON O. Rock stress and its measurement[M]. UK:Springer Science&Business Media, 1997.
[3] KIRSCH G. Die theorie der elastizitat und die bedürfnisse der festigkeitslehre[J]. UK:Veit Ver Deut Ing, 1898, 42:797-807.
[4] JAEGER CONRAD J, NEVILLE G W C, ROBERT ZIMMERMAN R. Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons, 2009.
[5]王连捷,潘立宙.地应力测量及其在工程中的应用[M].北京:地质出版社, 1991:1-31.WANG Lian-jie, PAN Li-zhou. Crustal stress measurements and their application in engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1991:1-31.
[6]张志增,李仲奎,许梦国.横观各向同性岩体中深埋圆形巷道的位移解析解[J].黄金, 2010, 31(3):23-26.ZHANG Zhi-zeng, LI Zhong-kui, XU Meng-guo.Displacement analytic solution of deep buried circular tunnel in transverse isotropy rock mass[J]. Gold, 2010,31(3):23-26.
[7] MERRILL R H. Three-component borehole deformation gage for determining the stress in rock[M]. USA:US Depterment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1967.
[8] OBARA Y, SHIN T, YOSHINAGA T, et al.Cross-sectional borehole deformation method(CBDM)for measurement of rock stress change[C]//5th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress. London:Taylor&Francis Group, 2010:129-134.
[9]王川婴,韩增强,汪进超,等.平面应力状态下的圆孔形态特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊1):2836-2842.WANG Chuan-ying, HAN Zeng-qiang, WANG Jin-chao,et al. Study of borehole geometric shape features under plane stress state[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(Suppl.1):2836-2842.
[10]葛修润,侯明勋.三维地应力BWSRM测量新方法及其测井机器人在重大工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 38(11):2161-2180.GE Xiu-run, HOU Ming-xun. A new 3D in-situ rock stress measuring method:Borehole wall stress relief method(BWSRM)and development of geostress measuring instrument based on BWSRM and its primary applications to engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 38(11):2161-2180.
[11]孙卫春,闵弘,王川婴.三维地应力测量及地质力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(增刊2):3778-3784.SUN Wei-chuan, MIN Hong, WANG Chuan-ying.Three-dimensional geostress measurement and geomechanical analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(Suppl.2):3778-3784.
[12] HOOKER V E, AGGSON J R, BICKEL D L.Improvements in the three-component borehole deformation gauge and overcoming techniques[M]. USA:[s. n.], 1974.
[13] TAO N, WANG G, XIAO C, et al. The in situ stress determination from borehole image logs in the Kuqa depression[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2016, 34:1077-1084.
[14]刘允芳,龚壁新.深钻孔地应力测试技术与地应力场分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 1993, 15(3):63-72.LIU Yun-fang, GONG Bi-xin. Technique of geostress measurement in deep boreholes and method of geostress field analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1993, 15(3):63-72.
[15] BARTON N, SHEN B. Risk of shear failure and extensional failure around over-stressed excavations in brittle rock[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics&Geotechnical Engineering, 2016.
[16] FUNATO A, ITO T. A new method of diametrical core deformation analysis for in-situ stress measurements[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2017, 91:112-118.
[17]姚瑞,杨树新,陆远忠,等.在地应力测量中准确求解最大、最小水平应力问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2012, 34(2):317-325.YAO Rui, YANG Shu-xin, LU Yuan-zhong. Computing maximum and minimum horizontal stresses in in-situ stressmeasurements[J].ChineseJournalof Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(2):317-325.
[2] AMADEI B, STEPHANSSON O. Rock stress and its measurement[M]. UK:Springer Science&Business Media, 1997.
[3] KIRSCH G. Die theorie der elastizitat und die bedürfnisse der festigkeitslehre[J]. UK:Veit Ver Deut Ing, 1898, 42:797-807.
[4] JAEGER CONRAD J, NEVILLE G W C, ROBERT ZIMMERMAN R. Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons, 2009.
[5]王连捷,潘立宙.地应力测量及其在工程中的应用[M].北京:地质出版社, 1991:1-31.WANG Lian-jie, PAN Li-zhou. Crustal stress measurements and their application in engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1991:1-31.
[6]张志增,李仲奎,许梦国.横观各向同性岩体中深埋圆形巷道的位移解析解[J].黄金, 2010, 31(3):23-26.ZHANG Zhi-zeng, LI Zhong-kui, XU Meng-guo.Displacement analytic solution of deep buried circular tunnel in transverse isotropy rock mass[J]. Gold, 2010,31(3):23-26.
[7] MERRILL R H. Three-component borehole deformation gage for determining the stress in rock[M]. USA:US Depterment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1967.
[8] OBARA Y, SHIN T, YOSHINAGA T, et al.Cross-sectional borehole deformation method(CBDM)for measurement of rock stress change[C]//5th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress. London:Taylor&Francis Group, 2010:129-134.
[9]王川婴,韩增强,汪进超,等.平面应力状态下的圆孔形态特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(增刊1):2836-2842.WANG Chuan-ying, HAN Zeng-qiang, WANG Jin-chao,et al. Study of borehole geometric shape features under plane stress state[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(Suppl.1):2836-2842.
[10]葛修润,侯明勋.三维地应力BWSRM测量新方法及其测井机器人在重大工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 38(11):2161-2180.GE Xiu-run, HOU Ming-xun. A new 3D in-situ rock stress measuring method:Borehole wall stress relief method(BWSRM)and development of geostress measuring instrument based on BWSRM and its primary applications to engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 38(11):2161-2180.
[11]孙卫春,闵弘,王川婴.三维地应力测量及地质力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(增刊2):3778-3784.SUN Wei-chuan, MIN Hong, WANG Chuan-ying.Three-dimensional geostress measurement and geomechanical analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(Suppl.2):3778-3784.
[12] HOOKER V E, AGGSON J R, BICKEL D L.Improvements in the three-component borehole deformation gauge and overcoming techniques[M]. USA:[s. n.], 1974.
[13] TAO N, WANG G, XIAO C, et al. The in situ stress determination from borehole image logs in the Kuqa depression[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2016, 34:1077-1084.
[14]刘允芳,龚壁新.深钻孔地应力测试技术与地应力场分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 1993, 15(3):63-72.LIU Yun-fang, GONG Bi-xin. Technique of geostress measurement in deep boreholes and method of geostress field analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1993, 15(3):63-72.
[15] BARTON N, SHEN B. Risk of shear failure and extensional failure around over-stressed excavations in brittle rock[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics&Geotechnical Engineering, 2016.
[16] FUNATO A, ITO T. A new method of diametrical core deformation analysis for in-situ stress measurements[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2017, 91:112-118.
[17]姚瑞,杨树新,陆远忠,等.在地应力测量中准确求解最大、最小水平应力问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2012, 34(2):317-325.YAO Rui, YANG Shu-xin, LU Yuan-zhong. Computing maximum and minimum horizontal stresses in in-situ stressmeasurements[J].ChineseJournalof Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(2):317-325.
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