黔北铝土矿稀土元素富集机制——以新民铝土矿为例
|
摘要
通过对黔北新民铝土矿岩矿石稀土元素的系统分析,探讨了黔北铝土矿稀土元素特征与富集机制。研究发现:黄龙组灰岩呈"平坦型"稀土元素配分模式,韩家店群泥岩、梁山组炭质泥岩及大竹园组(含矿岩系)呈"右倾型"轻稀土富集特征,而大竹园组随着风化作用的增强从陡"右倾型"的铝质泥岩→缓"右倾型"的豆状、致密块状、碎屑状铝土矿→缓"左倾型"土状铝土矿的特征。且含矿岩系由底到顶,∑REE具减少趋势,顺着其倾向∑REE有下降趋势,沿着走向其有升高趋势;这受到不同底板岩性及厚度大小的影响,底板泥岩比灰岩更易使含矿岩系富集稀土,同为灰岩,其厚度越大其稀土总量有富集趋势。而∑REE受到矿物组合(岩性)控制,其有"含独高稀,鲕粒富稀,豆状少稀,高铝贫稀"特征。对实验数据进行分析和做相关性图解(Sr/Ba—∑REE、Sr/Cu—∑REE、δCe—∑REE、δEu—∑REE)可知,在干热气候的海相咸水环境更易使稀土富集,虽含矿岩系主要是在氧化环境中形成,但高∑REE样品易在还原环境中富集。
Based on a systematic analysis of the REE in rocks and ores of the Xinmin Bauxite deposit in the Northern Guizhou, the REE characteristics and enrichment mechanism of bauxite deposits in the Northern Guizhou have been discussed in this paper. The results show that the Huanglong Formation limestones are characterized with "flat" REE distribution patterns. The Hanjiadian Formation mudstone, the Liangshan Formation carbonaceous mudstone and the Dazhuyuan Formation ore-bearing rocksare characterized with "right-declined " LREE-enriched REE distribution patterns. In addition, REE distribution patterns of the Dazhuyuan Formation ore-bearing rocks are changed with the increase of the weathering intensity from the steep "right-declined" patterns for aluminous mudstones, to the flat "right-declined" patterns for bean shaped, compact massive, and clastic bauxites, and finally to the "left-declined" patterns for erthy bauxites.The total REE contents(∑REE) of ore-bearing rocks are generally decreased from bottom to top or along the downward dipping direction of the orebody, but increased along the striking direction of the orebody in the profile. These could be affected by the different rocks and thicknesses of the footwall, as the REE is much easier to be enriched in the mudstone footwall than the limestone footwall or the REE contents are generally increased with the increase of thickness for the same limestone footwall. Generally, the ∑REE contents of ores are controlled by their mineral assemblages(lithological types), with characteristics of " high REE in aluminous mudstone containing independent REE minerals, rich REE in oolitic grains of ores, poor REE in bean shaped ores, and poor REE in high aluminum ores". Based on the analysis of experimental data and correlation diagrams(Sr/Ba-∑REE, Sr/Cu-∑REE, δCe-∑REE, and δEu-∑REE), it can be seen that the REE is more likely to be enriched in salty seawater under the environment of dry and hot climate. Although the ore-bearing rocks were mainly formed in the oxidized environment, the high ∑REE rocks were formed in reduced environment.
Based on a systematic analysis of the REE in rocks and ores of the Xinmin Bauxite deposit in the Northern Guizhou, the REE characteristics and enrichment mechanism of bauxite deposits in the Northern Guizhou have been discussed in this paper. The results show that the Huanglong Formation limestones are characterized with "flat" REE distribution patterns. The Hanjiadian Formation mudstone, the Liangshan Formation carbonaceous mudstone and the Dazhuyuan Formation ore-bearing rocksare characterized with "right-declined " LREE-enriched REE distribution patterns. In addition, REE distribution patterns of the Dazhuyuan Formation ore-bearing rocks are changed with the increase of the weathering intensity from the steep "right-declined" patterns for aluminous mudstones, to the flat "right-declined" patterns for bean shaped, compact massive, and clastic bauxites, and finally to the "left-declined" patterns for erthy bauxites.The total REE contents(∑REE) of ore-bearing rocks are generally decreased from bottom to top or along the downward dipping direction of the orebody, but increased along the striking direction of the orebody in the profile. These could be affected by the different rocks and thicknesses of the footwall, as the REE is much easier to be enriched in the mudstone footwall than the limestone footwall or the REE contents are generally increased with the increase of thickness for the same limestone footwall. Generally, the ∑REE contents of ores are controlled by their mineral assemblages(lithological types), with characteristics of " high REE in aluminous mudstone containing independent REE minerals, rich REE in oolitic grains of ores, poor REE in bean shaped ores, and poor REE in high aluminum ores". Based on the analysis of experimental data and correlation diagrams(Sr/Ba-∑REE, Sr/Cu-∑REE, δCe-∑REE, and δEu-∑REE), it can be seen that the REE is more likely to be enriched in salty seawater under the environment of dry and hot climate. Although the ore-bearing rocks were mainly formed in the oxidized environment, the high ∑REE rocks were formed in reduced environment.
引文
[1]孙莉,肖克炎,娄德波.中国铝土矿资源潜力预测评价[J].地学前缘, 2018, 25(03):82-94.
[2]贵州省地质调查院.贵州省矿产地分布图[Z], 2013.
[3]金中国,武国辉,赵远由,等.贵州务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床地质特征[J].矿产与地质, 2009, 23(02):137-141.
[4]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州凯里苦李井铝土矿地质特征[J].矿物学报, 2011,31(S1):716-717.
[5]程孝华,杜红毅.黔中川主庙铝土矿矿床地质特征[J].有色金属文摘, 2015, 30(03):69-71.
[6]吴林锋,鲜绍军,梁琼,等.黔北道真沙坝铝土矿矿床地质特征[J].矿产与地质, 2016,30(01):52-57.
[7]王森,何广武,李阔,等.晋中南地区铝土矿矿物特征及其成因[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2017, 45(01):20-25+30.
[8]廖士范.贵州早石炭世古风化壳相铝土矿地层时代及其与邻省对比问题[J].贵州地质, 1988,(04):342-348.
[9]刘平.黔中—川南石炭纪铝土矿的地层及成矿时代[J].中国区域地质, 1992,(04):376-384.
[10]刘平.三论贵州之铝土矿——贵州北部铝土矿成矿时代、物质来源及成矿模式[J].贵州地质, 1993,(02):105-113.
[11]杜远生,周琦,金中国,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿基础地质与成矿作用研究进展[J].地质科技情报, 2013, 32(01):1-6.
[12]金中国,武国辉,黄智龙,等.贵州务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床地球化学特征[J].矿物学报, 2009, 29(04):458-462.
[13]代龙省,金中国,李光春,等.贵州道真新民铝土矿床地质-地球化学特征研究[J].矿物学报, 2015, 35(03):411-420.
[14]孙朋飞,江思宏,韩宁.西澳Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿地球化学特征及源区研究[J].地质学报, 2018, 92(03):587-603.
[15]周茂基.贵州石炭纪铝土矿的成矿规律[J].贵州地质, 1985,(02):147-156.
[16]李传班,刘幼平,武国辉,等.贵州凯里-黄平地区铝土矿床地质特征及其成矿规律[J].矿产与地质, 2013, 27(01):45-51.
[17]刘幼平,周文龙,程国繁,等.贵州铝土矿含矿岩系特征与成矿规律研究[J].矿物学报, 2016, 36(02):289-294.
[18]汪小妹,焦养泉,杜远生,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质科技情报, 2013, 32(01):27-33.
[19] Ying-ling Hou, Yu-ting Zhong, Yi-gang Xu, et al. The provenance of late Permian karstic bauxite deposits in SW China, constrained by the geochemistry of interbedded clastic rocks, and U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes of detrital zircons[J]. Lithos, 2017, 278-281:240-254.
[20]曹高社,邢舟,毕景豪,等.豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿成矿物质来源分析[J].地质学报, 2018, 92(07):1507-1523.
[21]梅冥相.试论贵州早石炭世铝土铁质岩系的沉积环境及物质来源[J].贵州地质, 1991,(04):322-328.
[22]何文君,向贤礼,金中国.贵州北部铝土矿地球化学特征及沉积环境分析[J].矿产与地质, 2014, 28(03):346-350.
[23] Wang Q, Deng J, Liu X, et al. Discovery of the REE minerals and its geological significance in the Quyang bauxite deposit, West Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 39(6):701-712.
[24] Gu J, Huang Z L, Fan H P, et al. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of lateritic bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan-Zheng,an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province, China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2013, 130:44-59.
[25]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社, 1980:235-241.
[26]叶霖,程曾涛,潘自平.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007,(03):228-233.
[27]隗含涛.贵州务正道地区铝土矿矿床地质特征及成矿规律研究[D].长沙：中南大学(硕士论文), 2013.
[28]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州省苦李井铝土矿地球化学特征及成因探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013, 32(05):558-566.
[29]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州省遵义铝土矿矿物学及地球化学特征[J].矿物学报, 2014, 34(02):234-246.
[30]李沛刚,王登红,等.贵州大竹园铝土矿矿床地质、地球化学与成矿规律[M].北京:科学出版社, 2014:1-204.
[31]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1987:1-654.
[32]陈毓川,裴荣富,余天锐,等.中国矿产成矿系列讨论[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998.
[33]刘平.初论贵州之铝土矿[J].贵州地质, 1987,(01):1-12.
[34]刘平.八论贵州之铝土矿——黔中-渝南铝土矿成矿背景及成因探讨[J].贵州地质, 2001,(04):238-243.
[35]刘平.黔北务—正—道地区铝土矿地质概要[J].地质与勘探, 2007,(05):29-33.
[36]金中国,黄智龙,刘玲,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿成矿规律研究[M].北京:地质出版社, 2013:1-158.
[37]武国辉,金中国,鲍淼,等.黔北务正道铝土矿成矿规律探讨[J].地质与勘探, 2008, 44(06):31-35.
[38]贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局地质矿产勘查院.贵州省道真县新民铝土矿区地形地质图[Z].
[39]刘平.黔中—川南石炭纪铝土矿的地球化学特征[J].中国区域地质, 1999,(02):99-106.
[40] Taylor SR, McLennan S M. The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M]. London:Blackwell Scientific, 1985:328.
[41] Rudnick R L, Gao S. Composition of the continental crust[C]. Pergamon:Oxford,2003:1-64.
[42]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1984:1-415.
[43]邓宏文,钱凯.沉积地球化学及环境分析[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社, 1993:18-29.
[44]张正斌,刘莲生.海洋物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:162-724.
[45]王益友,郭文莹,张国栋.几种地球化学标志在金湖凹陷阜宁群沉积环境中的应用[J].同济大学学报, 1979,(02):51-60.
[46]王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1996. 145-175.
[47]王随继,黄杏珍,妥进才,等.泌阳凹陷核桃园组微量元素演化特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报, 1997,(01):66-71.
[48]刘刚,周东升.微量元素分析在判别沉积环境中的应用——以江汉盆地潜江组为例[J].石油实验地质, 2007,(03):307-310+314.
[49]张宏飞,高山.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社, 2012:130-140.
[50]王中刚,于学元,赵振华,等.稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:247-276.
[51]薛耀庆.苏南地区鲕绿泥石泥岩的发现及其意义[J].煤田地质与勘探, 1987,(02):1-5.
[2]贵州省地质调查院.贵州省矿产地分布图[Z], 2013.
[3]金中国,武国辉,赵远由,等.贵州务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床地质特征[J].矿产与地质, 2009, 23(02):137-141.
[4]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州凯里苦李井铝土矿地质特征[J].矿物学报, 2011,31(S1):716-717.
[5]程孝华,杜红毅.黔中川主庙铝土矿矿床地质特征[J].有色金属文摘, 2015, 30(03):69-71.
[6]吴林锋,鲜绍军,梁琼,等.黔北道真沙坝铝土矿矿床地质特征[J].矿产与地质, 2016,30(01):52-57.
[7]王森,何广武,李阔,等.晋中南地区铝土矿矿物特征及其成因[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2017, 45(01):20-25+30.
[8]廖士范.贵州早石炭世古风化壳相铝土矿地层时代及其与邻省对比问题[J].贵州地质, 1988,(04):342-348.
[9]刘平.黔中—川南石炭纪铝土矿的地层及成矿时代[J].中国区域地质, 1992,(04):376-384.
[10]刘平.三论贵州之铝土矿——贵州北部铝土矿成矿时代、物质来源及成矿模式[J].贵州地质, 1993,(02):105-113.
[11]杜远生,周琦,金中国,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿基础地质与成矿作用研究进展[J].地质科技情报, 2013, 32(01):1-6.
[12]金中国,武国辉,黄智龙,等.贵州务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床地球化学特征[J].矿物学报, 2009, 29(04):458-462.
[13]代龙省,金中国,李光春,等.贵州道真新民铝土矿床地质-地球化学特征研究[J].矿物学报, 2015, 35(03):411-420.
[14]孙朋飞,江思宏,韩宁.西澳Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿地球化学特征及源区研究[J].地质学报, 2018, 92(03):587-603.
[15]周茂基.贵州石炭纪铝土矿的成矿规律[J].贵州地质, 1985,(02):147-156.
[16]李传班,刘幼平,武国辉,等.贵州凯里-黄平地区铝土矿床地质特征及其成矿规律[J].矿产与地质, 2013, 27(01):45-51.
[17]刘幼平,周文龙,程国繁,等.贵州铝土矿含矿岩系特征与成矿规律研究[J].矿物学报, 2016, 36(02):289-294.
[18]汪小妹,焦养泉,杜远生,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质科技情报, 2013, 32(01):27-33.
[19] Ying-ling Hou, Yu-ting Zhong, Yi-gang Xu, et al. The provenance of late Permian karstic bauxite deposits in SW China, constrained by the geochemistry of interbedded clastic rocks, and U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes of detrital zircons[J]. Lithos, 2017, 278-281:240-254.
[20]曹高社,邢舟,毕景豪,等.豫西偃龙地区本溪组铝土矿成矿物质来源分析[J].地质学报, 2018, 92(07):1507-1523.
[21]梅冥相.试论贵州早石炭世铝土铁质岩系的沉积环境及物质来源[J].贵州地质, 1991,(04):322-328.
[22]何文君,向贤礼,金中国.贵州北部铝土矿地球化学特征及沉积环境分析[J].矿产与地质, 2014, 28(03):346-350.
[23] Wang Q, Deng J, Liu X, et al. Discovery of the REE minerals and its geological significance in the Quyang bauxite deposit, West Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 39(6):701-712.
[24] Gu J, Huang Z L, Fan H P, et al. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of lateritic bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan-Zheng,an-Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province, China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2013, 130:44-59.
[25]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社, 1980:235-241.
[26]叶霖,程曾涛,潘自平.贵州修文小山坝铝土矿中稀土元素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007,(03):228-233.
[27]隗含涛.贵州务正道地区铝土矿矿床地质特征及成矿规律研究[D].长沙：中南大学(硕士论文), 2013.
[28]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州省苦李井铝土矿地球化学特征及成因探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013, 32(05):558-566.
[29]李玉娇,张正伟,周灵洁,等.贵州省遵义铝土矿矿物学及地球化学特征[J].矿物学报, 2014, 34(02):234-246.
[30]李沛刚,王登红,等.贵州大竹园铝土矿矿床地质、地球化学与成矿规律[M].北京:科学出版社, 2014:1-204.
[31]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1987:1-654.
[32]陈毓川,裴荣富,余天锐,等.中国矿产成矿系列讨论[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998.
[33]刘平.初论贵州之铝土矿[J].贵州地质, 1987,(01):1-12.
[34]刘平.八论贵州之铝土矿——黔中-渝南铝土矿成矿背景及成因探讨[J].贵州地质, 2001,(04):238-243.
[35]刘平.黔北务—正—道地区铝土矿地质概要[J].地质与勘探, 2007,(05):29-33.
[36]金中国,黄智龙,刘玲,等.黔北务正道地区铝土矿成矿规律研究[M].北京:地质出版社, 2013:1-158.
[37]武国辉,金中国,鲍淼,等.黔北务正道铝土矿成矿规律探讨[J].地质与勘探, 2008, 44(06):31-35.
[38]贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局地质矿产勘查院.贵州省道真县新民铝土矿区地形地质图[Z].
[39]刘平.黔中—川南石炭纪铝土矿的地球化学特征[J].中国区域地质, 1999,(02):99-106.
[40] Taylor SR, McLennan S M. The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M]. London:Blackwell Scientific, 1985:328.
[41] Rudnick R L, Gao S. Composition of the continental crust[C]. Pergamon:Oxford,2003:1-64.
[42]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1984:1-415.
[43]邓宏文,钱凯.沉积地球化学及环境分析[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社, 1993:18-29.
[44]张正斌,刘莲生.海洋物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:162-724.
[45]王益友,郭文莹,张国栋.几种地球化学标志在金湖凹陷阜宁群沉积环境中的应用[J].同济大学学报, 1979,(02):51-60.
[46]王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1996. 145-175.
[47]王随继,黄杏珍,妥进才,等.泌阳凹陷核桃园组微量元素演化特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报, 1997,(01):66-71.
[48]刘刚,周东升.微量元素分析在判别沉积环境中的应用——以江汉盆地潜江组为例[J].石油实验地质, 2007,(03):307-310+314.
[49]张宏飞,高山.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社, 2012:130-140.
[50]王中刚,于学元,赵振华,等.稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:247-276.
[51]薛耀庆.苏南地区鲕绿泥石泥岩的发现及其意义[J].煤田地质与勘探, 1987,(02):1-5.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |