滑溜水在裂缝性碳酸盐岩体积酸压中的研究与应用
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摘要
滑溜水是页岩气、致密油非常规油气藏体积改造中应用最广泛的压裂液体系,旨在利用低黏滑溜水强的穿透性能激活天然裂缝提高裂缝复杂程度。基于深层裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层基质物性差、非均质性强,裂缝是主要储集空间和渗流通道的储层特征,提高改造体积是实现高产稳产的核心,需采用低黏流体大排量注入来提高天然裂缝激活几率,提出滑溜水、冻胶和转向酸复合的体积酸压技术。评价了新型聚合物类滑溜水性能,利用室内实验(大物模、酸液滤失)和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了滑溜水在体积酸压中的作用机理,研究表明:新型聚合物类滑溜水具有较好的减阻性能,能够降低施工管柱摩阻,实现大排量施工,助力改造效果提升;滑溜水大排量注入形成复杂裂缝,低黏酸液注入形成酸蚀蚓孔提高裂缝连通性,滑溜水与低黏酸交替注入,实现微细裂缝"水力+酸蚀"缝网构建。上述研究成果现场应用显著,AT3x井压后获日产油35 m~3、日产气50.3×10~4 m~3高产油气流,为国内超高温深层复杂储层高效改造提供新的技术指导。
Slickwater is a fracturing fluid widely used in fracturing unconventional petroleum reservoirs such as shale gas reservoirs and tight oil reservoirs. Slick water has low viscosity and high penetration performance which are helpful in enhancing the complexity of natural fractures. Generally speaking, deep fractured carbonate reservoirs have matrix rocks of poor physical properties and strong inhomogeneity, and fractures are the main spaces and channels for the petroleum to stay and flow through. Therefore, increasing the volume of rocks being fractured is the key to produce more petroleum, and this goal can be achieved by performing spatial fracturing with fracturing fluid composed of low viscosity slick water, gel and converting acid. Low viscosity and high injection flow rate help activate more natural fractures in rocks. In this paper the evaluation of a new slick water containing polymers is discussed. Laboratory study and numerical simulation were combined to ascertain the working mechanisms of slick water in spatial fracturing. It was found that: 1) the new polymer slick water has good drag reducing property, and is able to reduce the fraction and drag acting on the pipe string, thereby realizing high flow arte injection and improving stimulation efficiency. 2)Complex fractures are generated with injection of slick water at high flow rates, and the connectivity of the fractures is enhanced by forming acid-etched wormholes by the injection of low-viscosity acids. Alternated injection of slick water(hydraulic fracturing) and low-viscosity acid(acid etching) gives birth to networked fine fractures. By applying these studying results in field operations, the well AT3 x has acquired daily oil production rate of 35 m3 and daily gas production rate of 50.3×104 m3, providing a new technical reference for stimulating complex deep high temperature reservoirs in China.
Slickwater is a fracturing fluid widely used in fracturing unconventional petroleum reservoirs such as shale gas reservoirs and tight oil reservoirs. Slick water has low viscosity and high penetration performance which are helpful in enhancing the complexity of natural fractures. Generally speaking, deep fractured carbonate reservoirs have matrix rocks of poor physical properties and strong inhomogeneity, and fractures are the main spaces and channels for the petroleum to stay and flow through. Therefore, increasing the volume of rocks being fractured is the key to produce more petroleum, and this goal can be achieved by performing spatial fracturing with fracturing fluid composed of low viscosity slick water, gel and converting acid. Low viscosity and high injection flow rate help activate more natural fractures in rocks. In this paper the evaluation of a new slick water containing polymers is discussed. Laboratory study and numerical simulation were combined to ascertain the working mechanisms of slick water in spatial fracturing. It was found that: 1) the new polymer slick water has good drag reducing property, and is able to reduce the fraction and drag acting on the pipe string, thereby realizing high flow arte injection and improving stimulation efficiency. 2)Complex fractures are generated with injection of slick water at high flow rates, and the connectivity of the fractures is enhanced by forming acid-etched wormholes by the injection of low-viscosity acids. Alternated injection of slick water(hydraulic fracturing) and low-viscosity acid(acid etching) gives birth to networked fine fractures. By applying these studying results in field operations, the well AT3 x has acquired daily oil production rate of 35 m3 and daily gas production rate of 50.3×104 m3, providing a new technical reference for stimulating complex deep high temperature reservoirs in China.
引文
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[7]姚军，侯力群，李爱芬.天然裂缝性碳酸盐岩封闭油藏产量递减规律研究及应用[J].油气地质与采收率，2005,12(1):56-58.YAO Jun,HOU Liqun,LI Aifen,et al. Study and application of production decline rule of natural fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Petroluem Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005,12(1):56-58.
[8]胥耘.碳酸盐岩储层多级注入闭合酸压技术研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺，1996,18(5):58-65.XU Yun. Study and application of multiple injection closed acid-fracturing technology in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1996,18(5):58-65.
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[10]陈朝刚，郭建春，赵金洲.考虑酸蚀蚓孔效应的酸液滤失模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺，2005, 27(6):79-84.CHEN Chaogang,GUO Jianchun,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.Acid filtration model and its application considering the effect of acid wormhole[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(6):79-84.
[11]王永辉，李永平，程兴生，等.高温深层碳酸盐岩储层酸化压裂改造技术[J].石油学报，2012,33(A02):166-173.WANG Yonghui,LI Yongping,CHEN Xingsheng,et al.A new acid fracturing technique for carbonate reservoirs with high-temperature and deep layer[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(A02):166-173.
[12]陈志海，戴勇.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压工艺技术现状与展望[J].石油钻探技术，2005,33(1):58-62.CHEN Zhihai,DAI Yong,et al. Present situation and prospect of acid fracturing technology for deep carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques[J].2005,33(1):58-62.
[13]李爱山.碳酸盐岩裂缝性油藏复合酸压技术研究[D].中国石油大学，2007.LI Aishan.Study on hybrid acid fracturing technique of fractured carbonate reservoir[D].China University of Petroleum,2007.
[14]丁云宏，卢拥军，才博，等.新型酸压与加砂复合改造技术研究[J].石油天然气学报，2012,34(2):139-143.DING Yunhong,LUYongjun,,CAI Bo,et al.Research on the new acid fracturing and sand fracturing hybrid fracturing technology[J].Journal of oil and gas technology,2012,34(2):139-143.
[15]孙秀芳.碳酸盐岩裂缝性油藏复合酸压技术研究与应用[D].山东师范大学，2009.SUN Xiufang.Research and application of hybrid acid fracturing technique of fractured carbonate reservoir[D].Shandong normal university,2009.
[16]储铭汇.致密碳酸盐岩储层复合缝网酸压技术研究及矿场实践——以大牛地气田下古生界马五5碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].石油钻采工艺，2017,39(2):237-243.CHU Minghui. Study on composite fracture-network acid fracturing technology for tight carbonate reservoirs and its field application:a case study on Mawu5 carbonate reservoir of lower paleozoic in Daniudi gasfield[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2017, 39(2):237-243.
[17]刘建坤，蒋廷学，周林波，等.碳酸盐岩储层多级交替酸压技术研究[J].石油钻探技术，2017,45(1):104-111.LIU Jiankun, JIANG Tingxue, ZHOU Linbo, et al.Multi-stage alternative acid fracturing technique in carbonate reservoirs stimulation[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):104-111.
[2]张以明，才博，何春明，等.超高温超深非均质碳酸盐岩储层地质工程一体化体积改造技术[J].石油学报，2018,39(1):92-100.ZHANG Yiming,CAI Bo,HE Chunming,et al.Volume fracturing technology based on geo-engineering integration for ultra-high temperature and ultra-deep heterogeneous carbonate reservoir[J].Acta Pereolei Sinica,2018,39(1):92-100.
[3]才博，赵贤正，沈华，等.束鹿凹陷致密油复合体积压裂技术[J].石油学报，2015,36（增刊1):76-82.CAI Bo,ZHAO Xianzheng,SHEN Hua,et al.Hybrid stimulated reservoir volume technology for tight oil in Shulu sag[J]. Acta Pereolei Sinica, 2015, 36(S1):76-82.
[4]陈鹏飞，刘友权，邓素芬，等.页岩气体积压裂滑溜水的研究及应用[J].石油与天然气化工，2013,42(3):270-273.CHEN Pengfei,LIU Youquan,DENG Sufen,et al.Research and application of slick water for shale volume fracturing[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2013,42(3):270-273.
[5]刘通义，黄趾海，赵众从，等.新型滑溜水压裂液的性能研究[J].钻井液与完井液，2014,31(1):80-83.LIU Tongyi,HUANG Zhihai,ZHAO Zongcong,et al.Study on the performance of new slick-water fracturing fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014, 31(1):80-83.
[6]周健，陈勉，金衍，等.压裂中天然裂缝剪切破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2008（增刊1):2637-2641.ZHOU Jian,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,et al.Mechanism study of shearing slippage damage of natural fracture in hybraulic fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008(S1):2637-2641.
[7]姚军，侯力群，李爱芬.天然裂缝性碳酸盐岩封闭油藏产量递减规律研究及应用[J].油气地质与采收率，2005,12(1):56-58.YAO Jun,HOU Liqun,LI Aifen,et al. Study and application of production decline rule of natural fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Petroluem Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2005,12(1):56-58.
[8]胥耘.碳酸盐岩储层多级注入闭合酸压技术研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺，1996,18(5):58-65.XU Yun. Study and application of multiple injection closed acid-fracturing technology in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1996,18(5):58-65.
[9]李月丽，伊向艺，卢渊.碳酸盐岩酸压中酸蚀蚓孔的认识与思考[J].钻采工艺，2009,32(2):41-43.LI Yueli,YI Xiangyi,LU Yuan,et al.Understanding of acid wormhole in carbonate reservoir acid fracturing[J].Drilling Production Technology,2009,32(2):41-43.
[10]陈朝刚，郭建春，赵金洲.考虑酸蚀蚓孔效应的酸液滤失模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺，2005, 27(6):79-84.CHEN Chaogang,GUO Jianchun,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.Acid filtration model and its application considering the effect of acid wormhole[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(6):79-84.
[11]王永辉，李永平，程兴生，等.高温深层碳酸盐岩储层酸化压裂改造技术[J].石油学报，2012,33(A02):166-173.WANG Yonghui,LI Yongping,CHEN Xingsheng,et al.A new acid fracturing technique for carbonate reservoirs with high-temperature and deep layer[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(A02):166-173.
[12]陈志海，戴勇.深层碳酸盐岩储层酸压工艺技术现状与展望[J].石油钻探技术，2005,33(1):58-62.CHEN Zhihai,DAI Yong,et al. Present situation and prospect of acid fracturing technology for deep carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques[J].2005,33(1):58-62.
[13]李爱山.碳酸盐岩裂缝性油藏复合酸压技术研究[D].中国石油大学，2007.LI Aishan.Study on hybrid acid fracturing technique of fractured carbonate reservoir[D].China University of Petroleum,2007.
[14]丁云宏，卢拥军，才博，等.新型酸压与加砂复合改造技术研究[J].石油天然气学报，2012,34(2):139-143.DING Yunhong,LUYongjun,,CAI Bo,et al.Research on the new acid fracturing and sand fracturing hybrid fracturing technology[J].Journal of oil and gas technology,2012,34(2):139-143.
[15]孙秀芳.碳酸盐岩裂缝性油藏复合酸压技术研究与应用[D].山东师范大学，2009.SUN Xiufang.Research and application of hybrid acid fracturing technique of fractured carbonate reservoir[D].Shandong normal university,2009.
[16]储铭汇.致密碳酸盐岩储层复合缝网酸压技术研究及矿场实践——以大牛地气田下古生界马五5碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].石油钻采工艺，2017,39(2):237-243.CHU Minghui. Study on composite fracture-network acid fracturing technology for tight carbonate reservoirs and its field application:a case study on Mawu5 carbonate reservoir of lower paleozoic in Daniudi gasfield[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2017, 39(2):237-243.
[17]刘建坤，蒋廷学，周林波，等.碳酸盐岩储层多级交替酸压技术研究[J].石油钻探技术，2017,45(1):104-111.LIU Jiankun, JIANG Tingxue, ZHOU Linbo, et al.Multi-stage alternative acid fracturing technique in carbonate reservoirs stimulation[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):104-111.
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