西部典型矿区弱胶结地层岩石的物理力学性能特征
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摘要
西部矿区弱胶结岩层与中东部矿区岩层力学性能之间的差别认识不清是导致西部矿区开采过程中灾害性事故频发的根本原因。通过现场调研、理论分析、实验室实验等方法,研究了我国煤矿区弱胶结地层地域分布规律,选取新疆矿区大井南一井和苇子沟矿、鄂尔多斯矿区的营盘壕矿、大海则矿、陶忽图矿、高头窑矿等6对典型矿井岩石物理力学数据,分析了密度、孔隙率、含水率、弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角、泊松比等参数随埋深变化规律。现场采集了红庆河煤矿的砂质泥岩进行了崩解实验。研究结果表明:弱胶结地层主要分布在我国的新疆地区、鄂尔多斯盆地矿区、蒙东矿区,岩石成岩不充分,岩石强度普遍偏低,具有明显的松、散、弱的特性;西部矿区岩性主要为砂岩、砂质泥岩及泥岩,胶结物大多为泥质;岩石密度与埋深呈正相关,随埋深增加呈线性递增,岩石孔隙率、含水率与埋深呈负相关;岩石的弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、黏聚力随埋深增加具有一定的线性递增关系;岩石的泊松比、内摩擦角与埋深无明显的相关性;实验发现弱胶结岩石遇水后具有强烈的崩解性,循环次数越多,崩解后的粒径越小越均匀,弱胶结岩石的强崩解性是导致西部矿区采场导水裂隙带高度增大的主要因素;弱胶结岩石强度普遍低于中东部同类岩石强度;建立岩石物理力学性能集合可进一步明确中西部岩石间差别。
It is not clear that the difference of mechanical properties between the weakly cemented strata in the Western mining area and the strata in the Middle Eastern mining area.Therefore,this is the fundamental cause of the frequent occurrence of disastrous accidents in the mining process of the western mining area.The distribution of weakly cemented strata was studied on the coal mine area in China.The weakly cemented rock physical and mechanical data of six typical mines of Xinjiang and Ordos mining area were chosen.Also,the parameters of density,porosity,moisture content,elastic modulus,compressive strength,tensile strength,cohesion,internal friction angle,Poisson ratio with depth variation regularity were analyzed.The results show that the weakly cemented strata are mainly distributed in Xinjiang region,Ordos basin and Eastern Mongolia mining area in China.The degree of rock formation was not sufficient,thus the rock strength was generally low.In Western mining area,the lithology mainly included sandstone,sandy mudstone and mudstone.The rock density and depth was positively correlated,and the rock density was positively linearly increased with the increasing depth.The porosity and moisture content were negatively correlated with the increasing depth.The elastic modulus,compressive strength,tensile strength and cohesion had a certain linear increasing correlation with the increasing depth.In addition,Poisson ratio,internal friction angle had not obvious correlation with the increasing depth.The strong disintegration of weakly consolidated rock is the main factor that causes the height of water-conducting fracture zone to increase.The strength of weakly cemented rocks in Western mining area was lower than that of the same type rock in Middle Eastern mining area.It could further clarify the difference between rocks in the Western mining area and in the Eastern mining area with the establishment of the set of rock physical and mechanical properties.
It is not clear that the difference of mechanical properties between the weakly cemented strata in the Western mining area and the strata in the Middle Eastern mining area.Therefore,this is the fundamental cause of the frequent occurrence of disastrous accidents in the mining process of the western mining area.The distribution of weakly cemented strata was studied on the coal mine area in China.The weakly cemented rock physical and mechanical data of six typical mines of Xinjiang and Ordos mining area were chosen.Also,the parameters of density,porosity,moisture content,elastic modulus,compressive strength,tensile strength,cohesion,internal friction angle,Poisson ratio with depth variation regularity were analyzed.The results show that the weakly cemented strata are mainly distributed in Xinjiang region,Ordos basin and Eastern Mongolia mining area in China.The degree of rock formation was not sufficient,thus the rock strength was generally low.In Western mining area,the lithology mainly included sandstone,sandy mudstone and mudstone.The rock density and depth was positively correlated,and the rock density was positively linearly increased with the increasing depth.The porosity and moisture content were negatively correlated with the increasing depth.The elastic modulus,compressive strength,tensile strength and cohesion had a certain linear increasing correlation with the increasing depth.In addition,Poisson ratio,internal friction angle had not obvious correlation with the increasing depth.The strong disintegration of weakly consolidated rock is the main factor that causes the height of water-conducting fracture zone to increase.The strength of weakly cemented rocks in Western mining area was lower than that of the same type rock in Middle Eastern mining area.It could further clarify the difference between rocks in the Western mining area and in the Eastern mining area with the establishment of the set of rock physical and mechanical properties.
引文
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[8]赵永川,杨天鸿,肖福坤,等.西部弱胶结砂岩循环载荷作用下塑性应变能变化规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1813-1819.ZHAO Yongchuan,YANG Tianhong,XIAO Fukun,et al.The variation law of plastic strain energy of western weak cemented sandstone during cyclic loading experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1813-1819.
[9]宋朝阳,纪洪广,刘志强,等.饱和水弱胶结砂岩剪切断裂面形貌特征及破坏机理[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(9):2444-2451.SONG Zhaoyang,JI Hongguang,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology and failure mechanism of the shear fracture surface of weakly cemented sandstone with water saturation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(9):2444-2451.
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[11]孙利辉,纪洪广,蒋华,等.弱胶结地层条件下垮落带岩层破碎冒落特征与压实变形规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2565-2572.SUN Lihui,JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of broken caving and regularity of compaction deformation of rocks in caving zone in the weakly cemented strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2565-2572.
[12]孙利辉.西部弱胶结地层大采高工作面覆岩结构演化与矿压活动规律研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.SUN Lihui.Structural evolution and rock pressure activity regularity of weakly cemented strata of the large mining height work face in Western China[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2017.
[13]王渭明,王磊,代春泉.基于强度分层计算的弱胶结软岩冻结壁变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S2):4110-4116.WANG Weiming,WANG Lei,DAI Chunquan.Frozen wall deformation analysis in weakly cemented soft rock based on layered calculation of strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):4110-4116.
[14]王渭明,赵增辉,王磊.考虑刚度和强度劣化时弱胶结软岩巷道围岩的弹塑性损伤分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(5):679-689.WANG Weiming,ZHAO Zenghui,WANG Lei.Elastic-plastic damage analysis for weakly consolidated surrounding rock regarding stiffness and strength cracking[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(5):679-689.
[15]ZHAO Zenghui,LXianzhou,WANG Weiming,et al.Damage evolution of bi-body model composed of weakly cemented soft rock and coal considering different interface effect[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(8):1-19.
[16]孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷支护体系与监控分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):234-245.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Research and monitoring analysis of coal roadway bolting system in very weakly cemented stratum[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):234-245.
[17]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结地层开拓巷道围岩演化规律与监测分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):572-579.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Evolution of surrounding rock in pioneering roadway with muddy weakly cemented strata through monitoring and analyzing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):572-579.
[18]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏特征与机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1014-1022.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Deformation failure characteristics and mechanism analysis of muddy weakly cemented soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):1014-1022.
[19]乔卫国,韦九洲,林登阁,等.侏罗白垩纪极弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析[J].山东科技大学学报,2013,32(4):1-6.QIAO Weiguo,WEI Jiuzhou,LIN Dengge,et al.The deformation failure mechanism of very weakly cemented soft rock formed during Jurassic-cretaceous period roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,32(4):1-6.
[20]李廷春,卢振,刘建章,等.泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1077-1083.LI Tingchun,LU Zhen,LIU Jianzhang,et al.Deformation and failure process analysis of rectangular roadway in muddy weakly cemented soft rock strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):1077-1083.
[21]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[22]宋洪柱.中国煤炭资源分布特征与勘查开发前景研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.SONG Hongzhu.Study on the distribution characteristics and the exploration and development prospect of coal resource of China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2013.
[23]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-25.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,42(1):27-25.
[24]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[2]许家林,朱卫兵,鞠金峰.浅埋煤层开采压架类型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1625-1634.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,JU Jinfeng.Support crushing types in the longwall mining of shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1625-1634.
[3]范立民,马雄德.浅埋煤层矿井突水溃沙灾害研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):8-12.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.Research progress of water inrush hazard in shallow buried coal seam mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):8-12.
[4]李化敏,李回贵,宋桂军,等.神东矿区煤系地层岩石物理力学性质[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2661-2671.LI Huamin,LI Huigui,SONG Guijun,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of the coal-bearing strata rock in Shendong coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2661-2671.
[5]李化敏,李回贵,PENG S Pyd,等.神东矿区岩石物理力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[6]纪洪广,陈波,孙利辉,等.红庆河煤矿弱胶结砂岩单轴加载条件下声发射特征研究[J].金属矿山,2015,44(10):56-61.JI Hongguang,CHEN Bo,SUN Lihui,et al.Research on the acoustic emission of weakly consolidated sandstone under uniaxial compression in Hongqinghe Coal Mine[J].Metal Mine,2015,44(10):56-61.
[7]汪泓,杨天鸿,于庆磊,等.不同围压条件下榆横矿区砂岩力学特性和本构关系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S2):320-327.WANG Hong,YANG Tianhong,YU Qinglei,et al.Constitutive relationship of the sandstone from Yuheng mining area under different confining pressures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S2):320-327.
[8]赵永川,杨天鸿,肖福坤,等.西部弱胶结砂岩循环载荷作用下塑性应变能变化规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1813-1819.ZHAO Yongchuan,YANG Tianhong,XIAO Fukun,et al.The variation law of plastic strain energy of western weak cemented sandstone during cyclic loading experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1813-1819.
[9]宋朝阳,纪洪广,刘志强,等.饱和水弱胶结砂岩剪切断裂面形貌特征及破坏机理[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(9):2444-2451.SONG Zhaoyang,JI Hongguang,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology and failure mechanism of the shear fracture surface of weakly cemented sandstone with water saturation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(9):2444-2451.
[10]纪洪广,蒋华,宋朝阳,等.弱胶结砂岩遇水软化过程细观结构演化及断口形貌分析[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(4):993-999.JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,SONG Zhaoyang,et al.Analysis on the microstructure evolution and fracture morphology during the softening process of weakly cemented sandstone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(4):993-999.
[11]孙利辉,纪洪广,蒋华,等.弱胶结地层条件下垮落带岩层破碎冒落特征与压实变形规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2565-2572.SUN Lihui,JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of broken caving and regularity of compaction deformation of rocks in caving zone in the weakly cemented strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2565-2572.
[12]孙利辉.西部弱胶结地层大采高工作面覆岩结构演化与矿压活动规律研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.SUN Lihui.Structural evolution and rock pressure activity regularity of weakly cemented strata of the large mining height work face in Western China[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2017.
[13]王渭明,王磊,代春泉.基于强度分层计算的弱胶结软岩冻结壁变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S2):4110-4116.WANG Weiming,WANG Lei,DAI Chunquan.Frozen wall deformation analysis in weakly cemented soft rock based on layered calculation of strength[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):4110-4116.
[14]王渭明,赵增辉,王磊.考虑刚度和强度劣化时弱胶结软岩巷道围岩的弹塑性损伤分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(5):679-689.WANG Weiming,ZHAO Zenghui,WANG Lei.Elastic-plastic damage analysis for weakly consolidated surrounding rock regarding stiffness and strength cracking[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(5):679-689.
[15]ZHAO Zenghui,LXianzhou,WANG Weiming,et al.Damage evolution of bi-body model composed of weakly cemented soft rock and coal considering different interface effect[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(8):1-19.
[16]孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.极弱胶结地层煤巷支护体系与监控分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):234-245.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Research and monitoring analysis of coal roadway bolting system in very weakly cemented stratum[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):234-245.
[17]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结地层开拓巷道围岩演化规律与监测分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):572-579.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Evolution of surrounding rock in pioneering roadway with muddy weakly cemented strata through monitoring and analyzing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):572-579.
[18]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏特征与机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1014-1022.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Deformation failure characteristics and mechanism analysis of muddy weakly cemented soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):1014-1022.
[19]乔卫国,韦九洲,林登阁,等.侏罗白垩纪极弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析[J].山东科技大学学报,2013,32(4):1-6.QIAO Weiguo,WEI Jiuzhou,LIN Dengge,et al.The deformation failure mechanism of very weakly cemented soft rock formed during Jurassic-cretaceous period roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,32(4):1-6.
[20]李廷春,卢振,刘建章,等.泥化弱胶结软岩地层中矩形巷道的变形破坏过程分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):1077-1083.LI Tingchun,LU Zhen,LIU Jianzhang,et al.Deformation and failure process analysis of rectangular roadway in muddy weakly cemented soft rock strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):1077-1083.
[21]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[22]宋洪柱.中国煤炭资源分布特征与勘查开发前景研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.SONG Hongzhu.Study on the distribution characteristics and the exploration and development prospect of coal resource of China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2013.
[23]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-25.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,42(1):27-25.
[24]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
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