塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩热液蚀变类型及蚀变流体的分带特征
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摘要
已探明塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩地层储量巨大。对塔里木盆地西北部柯坪-巴楚-阿图什一带的4块区域开展了系统的野外和重点观测工作,包括蓬莱坝剖面、柯坪水泥厂剖面、托普郎剖面等。本研究通过考察塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩热液溶蚀及相关现象。从野外产状、伴生关系以及矿物岩石学特征角度解剖奥陶系地层中热液矿物组合的地质特征。研究表明,该区域存在富镁流体、富氟流体和富硫流体3种流体,分别来源于封存卤水、火成活动和TSR热液。不同性质流体蚀变具有相似的分带性。
The huge explored reserve from the carbonate layer of lower paleozic Tarim Basin has turned the area into one of the most important exploration and development sites. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive field study in the Kalpin belt, northwestern Tarim basin, with emphasis on four areas: Penglaibei profile, Kalpin cement plant profile,Toplung profile. We mainly paid attention to the hydrothermal corrosion and the alteration during the growth of Ordovician carbonate rock. The hydrothermal products were observed, described and sampled for further analysis. The geological characteristics of those products are revealed by the field output form, associated manner and mineralogy.Three types of fluids that exist in the study area, namely Mg-riched fluid, F-riched fluid and S-riched fluid, originates from sealed brine, igneous activities and TSR hydrothermal fluids, respectively. Although fluid type varied, the alteration of those fluids share a similar belt-shape distribution.
The huge explored reserve from the carbonate layer of lower paleozic Tarim Basin has turned the area into one of the most important exploration and development sites. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive field study in the Kalpin belt, northwestern Tarim basin, with emphasis on four areas: Penglaibei profile, Kalpin cement plant profile,Toplung profile. We mainly paid attention to the hydrothermal corrosion and the alteration during the growth of Ordovician carbonate rock. The hydrothermal products were observed, described and sampled for further analysis. The geological characteristics of those products are revealed by the field output form, associated manner and mineralogy.Three types of fluids that exist in the study area, namely Mg-riched fluid, F-riched fluid and S-riched fluid, originates from sealed brine, igneous activities and TSR hydrothermal fluids, respectively. Although fluid type varied, the alteration of those fluids share a similar belt-shape distribution.
引文
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[10]黄擎宇．塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因机理及主控因素研究[D].成都：成都理工大学，2010.HUANG Q Y.Research on Genetic Mechanism and Key Controlling Factors of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir in Tazhong Region[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology, 2010.
[11]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报, 2009, 30(5):698-704. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.05.011ZHU D Y, JIN Z J, HU W X. Hydrothermal alteration dolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(5):698-704.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.05.011
[12]陈红汉,鲁子野,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区北坡奥陶系热液蚀变作用[J].石油学报, 2016, 37(1):43-63.CHEN H H, LU Z Y, CAO Z C, et al.Hydrothermal alteration of Ordovician reservoir in northeastern slope of Tazhong lift, Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 37(1):43-63.
[13]金之钧，朱东亚，胡文瑄，等．塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报，2006, 80(2):245-253. DOI:10.3321/j. issn:0001-5717.2006.02.009JIN Z J, ZHU D Y, HU W X, et al. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(2):245-253.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.02.009
[14]陈汉林，贾承造.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报，1997, 42(10):1096-1099.CHEN H L, JIA C Z. Studies on geothermal events in Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997,42(10):1096-1099.
[15]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1997:156-165.JIA C Z.Structure Characteristics and Oil and Gas in Tarim Basin of China[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1997:156-165.
[16] HEDENQUIST J W, HENLEY R W. The important of CO2on freezing point measurements of fluid inclusions:Evidence from active geothermal systems and implications for epithermal ore deposition[J].Economic Geology, 1985,80(5):1379-1406.DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1379
[17] SILLITOE R H. Gold deposits in Western Pacific Island area:The magmatic connection[J].Economy Geology Monography, 1989(6):274-291.
[18] KLIMCHOUK A B. Evolution of intrastriatal Karst andcavesingypsum[C]//Treatise on Geomorphology:Vol. 6. San Diego:Academic Press, 2013:438-450. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00123-8
[19]吴茂炳，王毅，郑孟林，等．塔中地区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩热液岩溶及其对储层的影响[J].中国科学(D辑)，2007,37(S1):83-92.WU M B, WANG Y, ZHENG M L, et al. The Ordovician carbonate hydrothermal corrosion of Tazhong area and the effects on reservoir[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae), 2007, 37(S1):83-92.
[20]杨海军，李开开，潘文庆，等．塔中地区奥陶系埋藏热液溶蚀流体活动及其对深部储层的改造作用[J].岩石学报，2012,28(3):783-792.YANG H J, LI K K, PAN W Q, et al. Burial hydrothermal dissolution fluid activity and its transforming effect on the reservoirs in Ordovician in Central Tarim[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(3):783-792.
[21]张兴阳，张水昌，罗平，等．塔中地区晚燕山—喜马拉雅期油气调整与热液活动的关系[J].科学通报,2007,52(S1):192-198.ZHANG X Y, ZHANG S C, LUO P, et al. The relationship between oil-gas adjustment and hydrothermal events in late Yanshan-Himalayan, MidTarim region[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(S1):192-198.
[22]潘文庆，胡秀芳，刘亚雷，等.塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系碳酸盐岩中两种来源热流体的地质与地球化学证据[J].岩石学报，2012,28(8):2515-2524.PAN W Q, HU X F, LIU Y L, et al. Geological and geochemical evidences for two sources of hydrothermal fluids found in Ordovician carbonate rocks in northwestern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(8):2515-2524.
[23]范明，胡凯，蒋小琼，等.酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用[J].地球化学, 2009, 38(1):20-26.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2009.01.002FAN M, HU K, JIANG X X, et al. Effect of acid fluid on carbonate reservoir reconstruction[J].Geochimica, 2009, 38(1):20-26.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2009.01.002
[24]高奇东，赵宽志，胡秀芳，等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组成及流体来源讨论[J].浙江大学学报(理学版), 2011, 38(5):579-583. DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2011.05.018GAO Q D, ZHAO K Z, HU X F, et al. C-O, Sr isotope composition of the carbonate in Ordovician in Tarim Basin and implication on fluid origin[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2011, 38(5):579-583. DOI:10.3785/j. issn. 1008-9497.2011.05.018
[2]王嗣敏，吕修祥．塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2004, 19(4):72-76.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2004.04.019WANG S M, LYU X X. Features and petroleum significance of Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2004, 19(4):72-76.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2004.04.019
[3]金之钧．中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘，2005,12(3):15-22.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.003JIN Z J. Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China sedimentary basins[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3):15-22.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.003
[4]杨宁，吕修祥，周新源，等．塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气聚集带[J].地质学报，2006, 80(3):398-405.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.03.012YANG N, LYU X X, ZHOU X Y, et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation zones of carbonate in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(3):398-405. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.03.012
[5]顾家裕．塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶储层特征及形成模式[J].古地理学报，1999,1(1):54-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.1999.01.006GU J Y. Characteristic and evolutional model of karst reservoirs of lower Ordovician Lunnan area of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography, 1999, 1(1):54-60. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.1999.01.006
[6]王毅，张一伟，金之钧，等．塔里木盆地构造—层序分析[J].地质论评，1999,45(5):504-513.WANG Y, ZHANG Y W, JIN Z J, et al. Analysis on the tectonic-stratigraphic sequences in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review, 1999, 45(5):504-513.
[7]杨威，王清华，赵仁德，等．和田河气田碳酸盐岩储集层的岩溶作用[J].新疆石油地质，2002,23(2):124-126.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3873.2002.02.012YANG W, WANG Q H, ZHAO R D, et al.Karstification of carbonate reservoir in Hetian river gas field of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2002, 23(2):124-126. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3873.2002.02.012
[8]刘忠宝，于炳松，李廷艳，等．塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制[J].沉积学报，2004, 22(1):103-109.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2004.01.016LIU Z B, YU B S, LI T Y, et al. Sequence development controls on syngenetic Karst of the middle-upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004,22(1):103-109. DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1000-0550.2004.01.016
[9]潘文庆，刘永福，DICKSON J A D，等．塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩热液岩溶的特征及地质模型[J].沉积学报，2009,27(5):983-994.PAN W Q, LIU Y F, DICKSON J A D, et al. The geological model of hydrothermal activity in outcrop and the characteristics of carbonate hydrothermal karst of lower paleozoic in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009,27(5):983-994.
[10]黄擎宇．塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因机理及主控因素研究[D].成都：成都理工大学，2010.HUANG Q Y.Research on Genetic Mechanism and Key Controlling Factors of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir in Tazhong Region[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology, 2010.
[11]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报, 2009, 30(5):698-704. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.05.011ZHU D Y, JIN Z J, HU W X. Hydrothermal alteration dolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(5):698-704.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.05.011
[12]陈红汉,鲁子野,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区北坡奥陶系热液蚀变作用[J].石油学报, 2016, 37(1):43-63.CHEN H H, LU Z Y, CAO Z C, et al.Hydrothermal alteration of Ordovician reservoir in northeastern slope of Tazhong lift, Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 37(1):43-63.
[13]金之钧，朱东亚，胡文瑄，等．塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报，2006, 80(2):245-253. DOI:10.3321/j. issn:0001-5717.2006.02.009JIN Z J, ZHU D Y, HU W X, et al. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(2):245-253.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.02.009
[14]陈汉林，贾承造.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报，1997, 42(10):1096-1099.CHEN H L, JIA C Z. Studies on geothermal events in Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997,42(10):1096-1099.
[15]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1997:156-165.JIA C Z.Structure Characteristics and Oil and Gas in Tarim Basin of China[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1997:156-165.
[16] HEDENQUIST J W, HENLEY R W. The important of CO2on freezing point measurements of fluid inclusions:Evidence from active geothermal systems and implications for epithermal ore deposition[J].Economic Geology, 1985,80(5):1379-1406.DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1379
[17] SILLITOE R H. Gold deposits in Western Pacific Island area:The magmatic connection[J].Economy Geology Monography, 1989(6):274-291.
[18] KLIMCHOUK A B. Evolution of intrastriatal Karst andcavesingypsum[C]//Treatise on Geomorphology:Vol. 6. San Diego:Academic Press, 2013:438-450. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00123-8
[19]吴茂炳，王毅，郑孟林，等．塔中地区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩热液岩溶及其对储层的影响[J].中国科学(D辑)，2007,37(S1):83-92.WU M B, WANG Y, ZHENG M L, et al. The Ordovician carbonate hydrothermal corrosion of Tazhong area and the effects on reservoir[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae), 2007, 37(S1):83-92.
[20]杨海军，李开开，潘文庆，等．塔中地区奥陶系埋藏热液溶蚀流体活动及其对深部储层的改造作用[J].岩石学报，2012,28(3):783-792.YANG H J, LI K K, PAN W Q, et al. Burial hydrothermal dissolution fluid activity and its transforming effect on the reservoirs in Ordovician in Central Tarim[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(3):783-792.
[21]张兴阳，张水昌，罗平，等．塔中地区晚燕山—喜马拉雅期油气调整与热液活动的关系[J].科学通报,2007,52(S1):192-198.ZHANG X Y, ZHANG S C, LUO P, et al. The relationship between oil-gas adjustment and hydrothermal events in late Yanshan-Himalayan, MidTarim region[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(S1):192-198.
[22]潘文庆，胡秀芳，刘亚雷，等.塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系碳酸盐岩中两种来源热流体的地质与地球化学证据[J].岩石学报，2012,28(8):2515-2524.PAN W Q, HU X F, LIU Y L, et al. Geological and geochemical evidences for two sources of hydrothermal fluids found in Ordovician carbonate rocks in northwestern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(8):2515-2524.
[23]范明，胡凯，蒋小琼，等.酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用[J].地球化学, 2009, 38(1):20-26.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2009.01.002FAN M, HU K, JIANG X X, et al. Effect of acid fluid on carbonate reservoir reconstruction[J].Geochimica, 2009, 38(1):20-26.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2009.01.002
[24]高奇东，赵宽志，胡秀芳，等.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组成及流体来源讨论[J].浙江大学学报(理学版), 2011, 38(5):579-583. DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2011.05.018GAO Q D, ZHAO K Z, HU X F, et al. C-O, Sr isotope composition of the carbonate in Ordovician in Tarim Basin and implication on fluid origin[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2011, 38(5):579-583. DOI:10.3785/j. issn. 1008-9497.2011.05.018
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