基于灰色关联的页岩储层含气性综合评价因子及应用——以四川盆地焦石坝区块为例
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摘要
准确评价页岩储层含气性特征是实现页岩气井科学化管理、提高页岩气勘探开发效果的重要前提。基于灰色关联理论和焦石坝区块实际地质情况,筛选出实测含气量、含气饱和度、气测显示(气测全烃和气测含烃式甲烷)、孔隙度、总有机碳(TOC)和脆性矿物含量(石英+长石)等7个评价指标,对研究区7口关键井含气性特征进行综合分析。结果显示:①根据灰色关联理论可以定量计算各评价指标相关性和权重系数,获取含气性综合评价因子,实现地质和工程多因素联合表征页岩含气性;②基于综合评价因子差异,可以将页岩储层划分为3种类型,其中Ⅰ类储层评价因子大于0.8,页岩含气性较好,压裂投产为高产井(无阻流量为20×104 m3/d以上);Ⅱ类储层评价因子介于0.6～0.8之间,页岩含气性中等,压裂投产为中产井[无阻流量介于(5～20)×104 m3/d之间];Ⅲ类储层评价因子小于0.6,页岩含气性较差,压裂投产为低产井(无阻流量在5×104 m3/d以下)。结论认为,利用综合评价因子预测页岩含气性结果与压裂投产试井产能对应关系较好,对分析和预测页岩气井产能效益具有一定指示作用。
Accurate evaluation of gas-bearing characteristics of shale reservoirs is an important prerequisite for scientific management of shale gas wells and improvement of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the grey correlation theory and geological conditions of Jiaoshiba area,the measured gas content,gas saturation,gas logging show(gas logging total hydrocarbon and methane),porosity,total organic carbon(TOC)and brittle mineral content(quartz+feldspar)were screened.Those indicators were used to analyze the gas bearing characteristics of 7 key wells in the study area.The results showed that:(1)According to the grey relational theory,the correlation and weight coefficient of each factor can be quantitatively calculated,and the gas-bearing comprehensive evaluation index can be obtained to realize the multi-factor geological and engineering factors to characterize the shale gas-bearing property;(2)Based on the comprehensive evaluation index difference,the shale reservoirs can be divided into three types.The evaluation index of typeⅠreservoir is more than 0.8 and the shale gas bearing property is good,which is high-yield well(more than 20×104 m3/d).TypeⅡis 0.6-0.8,the shale gas bearing property is moderate,and it is medium-yield well(the yield is(5-20)×104 m3/d).TypeⅢis less than 0.6,and the shale gas bearing property is poor,which is low-yield well(less than 5×104 m3/d).The comprehensive evaluation index was used to predict shale gas bearing and has a good correlation with actual production,which has a certain indication effect on the analysis and prediction of shale gas well productivity.
Accurate evaluation of gas-bearing characteristics of shale reservoirs is an important prerequisite for scientific management of shale gas wells and improvement of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the grey correlation theory and geological conditions of Jiaoshiba area,the measured gas content,gas saturation,gas logging show(gas logging total hydrocarbon and methane),porosity,total organic carbon(TOC)and brittle mineral content(quartz+feldspar)were screened.Those indicators were used to analyze the gas bearing characteristics of 7 key wells in the study area.The results showed that:(1)According to the grey relational theory,the correlation and weight coefficient of each factor can be quantitatively calculated,and the gas-bearing comprehensive evaluation index can be obtained to realize the multi-factor geological and engineering factors to characterize the shale gas-bearing property;(2)Based on the comprehensive evaluation index difference,the shale reservoirs can be divided into three types.The evaluation index of typeⅠreservoir is more than 0.8 and the shale gas bearing property is good,which is high-yield well(more than 20×104 m3/d).TypeⅡis 0.6-0.8,the shale gas bearing property is moderate,and it is medium-yield well(the yield is(5-20)×104 m3/d).TypeⅢis less than 0.6,and the shale gas bearing property is poor,which is low-yield well(less than 5×104 m3/d).The comprehensive evaluation index was used to predict shale gas bearing and has a good correlation with actual production,which has a certain indication effect on the analysis and prediction of shale gas well productivity.
引文
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[2]Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Huang Xu’nan,et al.Discussion about geological characteristics,resource evaluation methods and its key parameters of shale gas in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(9):1583-1601.董大忠,王玉满,黄旭楠,等.中国页岩气地质特征、资源评价方法及关键参数[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1583-1601.
[3]Liu Li,Bao Hanyong,Li Kai,et al.Evaluation of gas content in shale reservoirs and analysis of influencing factors in Fuling shale gas field[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2018,40(1):58-64.刘莉,包汉勇,李凯,等.页岩储层含气性评价及影响因素分析---以涪陵页岩气田为例[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(1):58-64.
[4]Li Wuguang,Zhong Bing,Yang Hongzhi,et al.Evaluation of gas-bearing property for shale reservoir and its influence factors analysis:Taking Changning-Weiyuan national experimental zone as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1653-1660.李武广,钟兵,杨洪志,等.页岩储层含气性评价及影响因素分析---以长宁-威远国家级试验区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1653-1660.
[5]Sun Jian,Luo Bing.Structural deformation and its influences on gas storage in Fuling shale gas play,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2016,37(6):809-818.孙健,罗兵.四川盆地涪陵页岩气田构造变形特征及对含气性的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):809-818.
[6]Wei Xiangfeng,Li Yuping,Wei Zhizhong,et al.Effects of preservation conditions on enrichment and high yield of shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2017,39(2):147-153.魏祥峰,李宇平,魏志红,等.保存条件对四川盆地及周缘海相页岩气富集高产的影响机制[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):147-153.
[7]Shen Cheng,Ren Lan,Zhao Jinzhou,et al.A comprehensive evaluation index for shale reservoirs and its application:A case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation to Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeastern margin of Sichuan Basin,SWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):649-658.沈骋,任岚,赵金洲,等.页岩储集层综合评价因子及其应用---以四川盆地东南缘焦石坝地区奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):649-658.
[8]Hao F,Guo T L,Zhu,Y M,et al.Evidence for multiple stages of oil cracking and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(5):611-637.
[9]Dai J X,Zou C N,Dong D Z,et al.Geochemical characteristics of marine and terrestrial shale gas in China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:444-463.
[10]Ma Y S,Guo X S,Guo T L,et al.The Puguang Gas Field:New giant discovery in the mature Sichuan Basin,southwest China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(5):627-643.
[11]Wang Yuman,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,et al.Dissection of two calibrated areas of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Changning and Jiaoshiba,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):423-432.王玉满,黄金亮,王淑芳,等.四川盆地长宁、焦石坝志留系龙马溪组页岩气刻度区精细解剖[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):423-432.
[12]She Xiaoyu,Chen Jie,Zhang Shiwan,et al.Tectonic characteristics and their shale gas geological significance of the Mesozoic-Paleozoic in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2016,37(6):828-837.佘晓宇,陈洁,张士万,等.焦石坝地区中、古生界构造特征及其页岩气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):828-837.
[13]Dai J X,Zou C N,Liao S M,et al.Geochemistry of the extremely high thermal maturity Longmaxi shale gas,southern Sichuan Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:3-12.
[14]Wang P F,Jiang Z X,Chen L,et al.Pore structure characterization for the Longmaxi and Niutitang shales in the Upper Yangtze platform,South China:Evidence from focused ion beam-He ion microscopy,nano-computerized tomography and gas adsorption analysis[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,77:1323-1337.
[15]Feng W P,Wang F Y,Guan J,et al.Geologic structure controls on initial productions of Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in South China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,91:163-178.
[16]Zhang Xiaoming,Shi Wanzhong,Xu Qinghai,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(8):926-939.张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):926-939.
[17]Gou Qiyang,Xu Shang,Hao Fang,et al.Characterization method of shale pore structure based on nano-CT:A case study of Well JY-1[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(11):1253-1261.苟启洋,徐尚,郝芳,等.纳米CT页岩孔隙结构表征方法---以JY-1井为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(11):1253-1261.
[18]Hu Dongfeng,Zhang Hanrong,Ni Kai,et al.Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):17-23.胡东风,张汉荣,倪楷,等.四川盆地东南缘海相页岩气保存条件及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):17-23.
[19]He Chencheng,He Sheng,Guo Xusheng,et al.Structural differences in organic pores between shales of the Wufeng Formation and of the Longmaxi Formation’s first member,Jiaoshiba block,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2018,39(3):472-484.何陈诚,何生,郭旭升,等.焦石坝区块五峰组与龙马溪组一段页岩有机孔隙结构差异性[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(3):472-484.
[20]Tu Yi,Xie Chuanli,Liu Chao,et al.Application of grey correlation analysis method in reservoir valuation of Qingdong Sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):381-386.涂乙,谢传礼,刘超,等.灰色关联分析法在青东凹陷储层评价中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):381-386.
[21]Tu Yi,Zou Haiyan,Meng Haiping,et al.Evaluation criteria and classification of shale gas reservoirs[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2014,35(1):153-158.涂乙,邹海燕,孟海平,等.页岩气评价标准与储层分类[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):153-158.
[22]Guo Shaobin,Huang Lei.Gas-bearing influential factors and evaluation of shale gas reservoir:A case study of Paleozoic shale gas reservoir in Upper Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2013,35(6):601-606.郭少斌,黄磊.页岩气储层含气性影响因素及储层评价---以上扬子古生界页岩气储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):601-606.
[23]Zhou Hong,Zhu Fangbing.Optimization of favorable areas of shale gas based on optimal combination weights and grey correlation and TOPSIS[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2018,37(5):106-113.周红,朱芳冰.基于优化组合权-灰关联-TOPSIS的页岩气有利区优选[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(5):106-113.
[24]Deng J L.Introduction to Grey system theory[J].Journal of Grey System,1989,1(1):1-24.
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