长江三角洲平原南部上新世以来古环境演变及多重地层划分
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摘要
对长江三角洲平原BZK01钻孔进行沉积物14C测年、粒度、磁学、孢粉和微体古生物分析,结合伽玛测井、岩性地层讨论了上新世以来钻孔揭示的孢粉组合、沉积环境演化、沉积相和古气候特征,建立了钻孔的第四纪多重地层划分对比框架。结果表明,受原始地形地貌、海平面变化、海陆变迁、古气候冷暖更替及新构造运动的影响,研究区上新世以来经历了多次环境变化。钻孔自下而上揭示岩性地层依次为基岩长河组、新近纪-第四纪沉积的嘉兴组、前港组、东浦组、宁波组、镇海组,孢粉组合可划分出16个孢粉带,按暖期温暖潮湿-冷期寒冷干燥古气候旋回变化的周期律,BZK01钻孔反映该区域共存在7个古气候旋回。建立的钻孔多重地层划分对比揭示151. 9～278. 0 m为河流相和河湖相交替沉积的上新世-早更新世时期,存在两个气候旋回过程; 83. 5～151. 9 m为河流相-河湖相-浅湖相沉积环境的中更新世,包含两个气候旋回过程; 15. 4～83. 5 m为晚更新世,沉积环境自下而上为河口相-河湖相-潮坪相-滨海相-河湖相,与王店海侵-杭州海侵时期对应,包括两个气候旋回; 0～15. 4 m为河口相-河湖相-泻湖相沉积环境的全新世,对应富阳海侵,包括一个气候旋回。
In this paper,the systematical study of ~(14)C dating,granularity,magnetism,sporopollen and micropaleontology in sediments of the BZK01 bore in the Yangtze River delta plain was conducted,characteristics of sporopollen assemblage,sedimentary environment evolution,sedimentary facies and paleoclimate changes recorded by the bore sediments was combined with gamma-ray logging and lithostratigraphy to discuss and to establish the framework for the Quaternary multi-stratigraphic division in the study area. The results showed that,due to influences of primitive landform,sea level change,sea-land transformations,paleoclimatic replacements of coldwarm and neotectonic movements, the study area had experienced many environmental changes since the Pliocene. The lithostratigraphic assemblages of the core from bottom to up is Changhe formation,Jiaxing formation,Qiangang formation,Dongpu formation,Ningbo formation and Zhenhai formation,respectively,while the sporopollen assemblage can be divided into 16 sporopollen belts. According to the periodic law of the paleoclimate cycle of warm-humid to cold-dry,the BZK01 bore recorded 7 paleoclimatic cycles of the region. The established multilayer stratigraphic divisions in the bore and their correlations revealed that the stratum of 151. 9-278. 0 m represented the early Pleistocene period of fluvial facies and fluvial and lacustrine facies,two climatic cycles were identified during this period; the stratum of 83. 5-151. 9 m represented the middle Pleistocene with the environment of fluvial,lacustrine and shallow lacustrine sedimentary,two climatic cycles were identified during this period; the stratum of 15. 4-83. 5 m represented the late Pleistocene with sedimentary environments of estuarine facies,lacustrine facies,tidal flat facies,coastal facies and riverside facies,corresponding to the transgression period of Wangdian to Hangzhou,two climatic cycles were also identified during this period; the stratum of 0-15. 4 m represented the Holocene with environments of estuarine,fluvial and lagoon facies sedimentary environment,corresponding to the Fuyang transgression,one climatic cycle was identified during this period.
In this paper,the systematical study of ~(14)C dating,granularity,magnetism,sporopollen and micropaleontology in sediments of the BZK01 bore in the Yangtze River delta plain was conducted,characteristics of sporopollen assemblage,sedimentary environment evolution,sedimentary facies and paleoclimate changes recorded by the bore sediments was combined with gamma-ray logging and lithostratigraphy to discuss and to establish the framework for the Quaternary multi-stratigraphic division in the study area. The results showed that,due to influences of primitive landform,sea level change,sea-land transformations,paleoclimatic replacements of coldwarm and neotectonic movements, the study area had experienced many environmental changes since the Pliocene. The lithostratigraphic assemblages of the core from bottom to up is Changhe formation,Jiaxing formation,Qiangang formation,Dongpu formation,Ningbo formation and Zhenhai formation,respectively,while the sporopollen assemblage can be divided into 16 sporopollen belts. According to the periodic law of the paleoclimate cycle of warm-humid to cold-dry,the BZK01 bore recorded 7 paleoclimatic cycles of the region. The established multilayer stratigraphic divisions in the bore and their correlations revealed that the stratum of 151. 9-278. 0 m represented the early Pleistocene period of fluvial facies and fluvial and lacustrine facies,two climatic cycles were identified during this period; the stratum of 83. 5-151. 9 m represented the middle Pleistocene with the environment of fluvial,lacustrine and shallow lacustrine sedimentary,two climatic cycles were identified during this period; the stratum of 15. 4-83. 5 m represented the late Pleistocene with sedimentary environments of estuarine facies,lacustrine facies,tidal flat facies,coastal facies and riverside facies,corresponding to the transgression period of Wangdian to Hangzhou,two climatic cycles were also identified during this period; the stratum of 0-15. 4 m represented the Holocene with environments of estuarine,fluvial and lagoon facies sedimentary environment,corresponding to the Fuyang transgression,one climatic cycle was identified during this period.
引文
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[11]刘静伟,赵淑君,程捷,等.杭州湾钱塘江两岸全新世以来的古植被及古气候研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):235-245.
[12] Zhong S L. Late quaternary calcareous nannofossils of core Dy03 in the Yangtze River Delta and their sedimentary environmental significance[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2012,29(2):137-144.
[13] Zhang R H,Xie J L,Liu T,et al. Palaeoenvironmental evolution of subaqueous Yangtze Delta inferred from sedimentary records[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(1):1-10.
[14]缪卫东,李世杰,冯金顺,等长江三角洲NB5孔第四纪地层划分及环境变化信息[J].中国地质,2016,43(6):2022-2035.
[15] Miao Y,Ping Z,Lu S,et al. Late Quaternary pollen records from the Yangtze River Delta,East China,and its implications for the Asian monsoon evolution[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(10):7845-7854.
[16]赵希涛,胡道功,吴中海,等.长江三角洲地区晚新生代地质与环境研究进展述评[J].地质力学学报,2017,23(1):1-64.
[17]舒军武,王伟铭,陈晔.太湖平原西北部全新世古河道沉积特征及环境演变[J].地层学杂志,2008,32(2):146-152.
[18]苏建锋,范代读,冷伟,等.冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层特征及沉积环境演化[J].古地理学报,2017,19(3):541-556.
[19]黎兵,魏子新,李晓,等.长江三角洲第四纪沉积记录与古环境响应[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(2):316-328.
[20]韦桃源,陈中原,魏子新,等.长江河口区第四纪沉积物中的地球化学元素分布特征及其古环境意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):397-405.
[21]吴永红.长江三角洲南翼PJ孔岩芯沉积特征及环境指示意义[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2013(3):57-64.
[22]庄畅,刘春莲,吴洁,等.珠江三角洲PRD16孔微体生物记录与晚更新世以来的古环境重建[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2013(3):128-132,138.
[23]吴洁,刘春莲,张素青,等.珠江三角洲东部晚第四纪微体动物群的古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):45-52.
[24]马雪,于俊杰,蒋仁,等.长江三角洲顶部ZKA4钻孔第四纪沉积物粒度特征及其古环境古气候意义[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(4):423-432.
[25]陈静,李晓,王张华,等.长江三角洲120kaB.P.以来孢粉记录反映的古气候变化及其与海平面的耦合[J].海洋科学,2009,33(2):68-73.
[26]刘春莲,Fürsich Franz T.,董艺辛,等.珠江三角洲PRD05孔的高分辨率介形类记录与晚第四纪古环境重建[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):313-322.
[27]张丹,王张华,卫巍,等.长江三角洲地区晚新生代沉积物岩石磁学特征及其物源指示意义[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(2):308-317.
[28]邓智瑞,何青,邢超锋,等.长江口北槽柱状沉积物粒度分布特征及沉积环境指示意义[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):112-122.
[29]赵亚楠,王张华,吴绪旭,等.长江口现代潮滩沉积物粒度特征及其在沉积相识别中的应用[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):405-416.
[30]周绮娴,杨小强,李剑,等.晚更新世以来长江三角洲长尺度气候干旱事件——来自沉积物环境磁学的记录[J].热带地理,2016,36(3):427-437.
[31]周开胜,孟翊,刘苍字,等.长江口北支兴隆沙XL2孔沉积物的磁性特征与沉积环境分析[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):300-307.
[32]林春明,张霞,邓程文,等.江苏南通地区晚第四纪下切河谷沉积与环境演变[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):268-280.
[33]殷鉴,刘春莲,吴洁,等.珠江三角洲中部晚更新世以来的有孔虫记录与古环境演化[J].古地理学报,2016,18(4):677-690.
[34]于俊杰,蒋仁,劳金秀,等.长江三角洲古河谷区冰后期孢粉组合及古气候意义[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(2):61-68.
[35]陈静,赵宝成,战庆.长江口水下三角洲北部近百年沉积物粒度组成及其对水动力环境的响应[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):692-699.
[36]赵宝成.长江三角洲前缘晚第四纪层序特征及冰后期海平面波动沉积响应[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(2):50-54,63.
[37]王张华,丘金波,冉莉华,等.长江三角洲南部地区晚更新世年代地层和海水进退[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):1-8.
[38]于俊杰,劳金秀,蒋仁,等.基于多重地层对比研究还原长江三角洲北翼晚第四纪古环境演变[J].地质通报,2016,35(10):1692-1704.
[2]刘志彬,刘松玉,周伯明,等.长江口海陆交互相沉积土成因及其空间特征[J].地下空间与工程学报,2014,10(1):102-108.
[3]王张华,赵宝成,陈静,等.长江三角洲地区晚第四纪年代地层框架及两次海侵问题的初步探讨[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):99-110.
[4]刘杜娟,叶银灿.长江三角洲地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):400-404.
[5]孙清,张玉淑,胡恩和,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲地区的影响评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(1):59-65.
[6]战庆.长江三角洲全新世海平面重建研究综述[J].上海国土资源,2015,36(1):80-85.
[7]朱季文,季子修,蒋自巽,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲及邻近地区的影响[J].地理科学,1994,14(2):109-117.
[8]张玉兰.长江三角洲前缘地区晚第四纪沉积的孢粉与环境研究[J].海洋学报,2005,27(4):82-87.
[9]赵宝成.长江三角洲前缘晚第四纪层序特征及冰后期海平面波动沉积响应[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(02):50-54,63.
[10]白雪莘,张卫国,董艳,等.长江三角洲全新世地层中潮滩沉积磁性特征及其古环境意义[J].沉积学报,2016,34(6):1165-1175.
[11]刘静伟,赵淑君,程捷,等.杭州湾钱塘江两岸全新世以来的古植被及古气候研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):235-245.
[12] Zhong S L. Late quaternary calcareous nannofossils of core Dy03 in the Yangtze River Delta and their sedimentary environmental significance[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2012,29(2):137-144.
[13] Zhang R H,Xie J L,Liu T,et al. Palaeoenvironmental evolution of subaqueous Yangtze Delta inferred from sedimentary records[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(1):1-10.
[14]缪卫东,李世杰,冯金顺,等长江三角洲NB5孔第四纪地层划分及环境变化信息[J].中国地质,2016,43(6):2022-2035.
[15] Miao Y,Ping Z,Lu S,et al. Late Quaternary pollen records from the Yangtze River Delta,East China,and its implications for the Asian monsoon evolution[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(10):7845-7854.
[16]赵希涛,胡道功,吴中海,等.长江三角洲地区晚新生代地质与环境研究进展述评[J].地质力学学报,2017,23(1):1-64.
[17]舒军武,王伟铭,陈晔.太湖平原西北部全新世古河道沉积特征及环境演变[J].地层学杂志,2008,32(2):146-152.
[18]苏建锋,范代读,冷伟,等.冰后期以来长江水下三角洲层序地层特征及沉积环境演化[J].古地理学报,2017,19(3):541-556.
[19]黎兵,魏子新,李晓,等.长江三角洲第四纪沉积记录与古环境响应[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(2):316-328.
[20]韦桃源,陈中原,魏子新,等.长江河口区第四纪沉积物中的地球化学元素分布特征及其古环境意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):397-405.
[21]吴永红.长江三角洲南翼PJ孔岩芯沉积特征及环境指示意义[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2013(3):57-64.
[22]庄畅,刘春莲,吴洁,等.珠江三角洲PRD16孔微体生物记录与晚更新世以来的古环境重建[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2013(3):128-132,138.
[23]吴洁,刘春莲,张素青,等.珠江三角洲东部晚第四纪微体动物群的古环境意义[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):45-52.
[24]马雪,于俊杰,蒋仁,等.长江三角洲顶部ZKA4钻孔第四纪沉积物粒度特征及其古环境古气候意义[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(4):423-432.
[25]陈静,李晓,王张华,等.长江三角洲120kaB.P.以来孢粉记录反映的古气候变化及其与海平面的耦合[J].海洋科学,2009,33(2):68-73.
[26]刘春莲,Fürsich Franz T.,董艺辛,等.珠江三角洲PRD05孔的高分辨率介形类记录与晚第四纪古环境重建[J].古地理学报,2008,10(3):313-322.
[27]张丹,王张华,卫巍,等.长江三角洲地区晚新生代沉积物岩石磁学特征及其物源指示意义[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(2):308-317.
[28]邓智瑞,何青,邢超锋,等.长江口北槽柱状沉积物粒度分布特征及沉积环境指示意义[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):112-122.
[29]赵亚楠,王张华,吴绪旭,等.长江口现代潮滩沉积物粒度特征及其在沉积相识别中的应用[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):405-416.
[30]周绮娴,杨小强,李剑,等.晚更新世以来长江三角洲长尺度气候干旱事件——来自沉积物环境磁学的记录[J].热带地理,2016,36(3):427-437.
[31]周开胜,孟翊,刘苍字,等.长江口北支兴隆沙XL2孔沉积物的磁性特征与沉积环境分析[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):300-307.
[32]林春明,张霞,邓程文,等.江苏南通地区晚第四纪下切河谷沉积与环境演变[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):268-280.
[33]殷鉴,刘春莲,吴洁,等.珠江三角洲中部晚更新世以来的有孔虫记录与古环境演化[J].古地理学报,2016,18(4):677-690.
[34]于俊杰,蒋仁,劳金秀,等.长江三角洲古河谷区冰后期孢粉组合及古气候意义[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(2):61-68.
[35]陈静,赵宝成,战庆.长江口水下三角洲北部近百年沉积物粒度组成及其对水动力环境的响应[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):692-699.
[36]赵宝成.长江三角洲前缘晚第四纪层序特征及冰后期海平面波动沉积响应[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(2):50-54,63.
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[38]于俊杰,劳金秀,蒋仁,等.基于多重地层对比研究还原长江三角洲北翼晚第四纪古环境演变[J].地质通报,2016,35(10):1692-1704.
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