基于Hoek-Brown准则的薄基岩厚松散层覆岩变形破坏特征研究
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摘要
基于Hoek-Brown准则,以实验数据为基础确定了乌兰木伦矿的岩体力学参数,并运用FLAC~(3D)研究了煤层开采引起的覆岩破坏特征。结果表明:①在浅埋深条件下覆岩破坏直至地表,地表形成偏态下沉盆地,最大下沉值2.1 m,下沉系数0.6。②在开采区域四周边界一定范围内分别形成应力降低区和应力增高区,呈现"外紧内松"状态,在工作面煤壁前方垂直应力集中程度最高,应力集中系数为2.2,在工作面煤壁上方和开切眼上方均存在"压力拱",但两者的跨度、拱脚区域大小及应力集中程度不同。③乌兰木伦矿12403工作面垮落带高度为18.9 m,导水裂隙带高度为62.5 m。
The mechanics parameters of rock mass in Wulanmulun mine are determined on the basis of the experimental data measured in the laboratory and applied Hoek-Brown criterion in this paper.On this basis the failure characteristics of overlying strata caused by coal mining are studied through FLAC~(3 D) simulation software.The research results show that:① The overlying strata under shallow burial depth until surface has been destroyed, and the skewness subsidence basin is formed on the surface.The maximum subsidence is 2.1 m, and the subsidence rate is 0.6.② The stress-relaxed area and the stress-increased area are formed in a certain range of the surrounding boundary of the mining area.The state presents "external tight internal loosing".The degree of vertical stress concentration in front of coal wall is the highest, and the stress concentration factor is 2.2.There is a pressure arch separately above the coal wall and the open-off cut, but the span, the size of the arch foot and the degree of stress concentration are different.③The height of the caving zone is 18.9 m, and the height of water flowing fractured zone is 62.5 m of 12403 face in Wulanmulun coal mine.
The mechanics parameters of rock mass in Wulanmulun mine are determined on the basis of the experimental data measured in the laboratory and applied Hoek-Brown criterion in this paper.On this basis the failure characteristics of overlying strata caused by coal mining are studied through FLAC~(3 D) simulation software.The research results show that:① The overlying strata under shallow burial depth until surface has been destroyed, and the skewness subsidence basin is formed on the surface.The maximum subsidence is 2.1 m, and the subsidence rate is 0.6.② The stress-relaxed area and the stress-increased area are formed in a certain range of the surrounding boundary of the mining area.The state presents "external tight internal loosing".The degree of vertical stress concentration in front of coal wall is the highest, and the stress concentration factor is 2.2.There is a pressure arch separately above the coal wall and the open-off cut, but the span, the size of the arch foot and the degree of stress concentration are different.③The height of the caving zone is 18.9 m, and the height of water flowing fractured zone is 62.5 m of 12403 face in Wulanmulun coal mine.
引文
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[8] Hoek E,Brown E T.Underground excavation in rock[M].London:Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980.
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[11] 孙金山,卢文波.Hoek-Brown经验强度准则的修正及应用[J].武汉大学学报,2008,41(1):63-66.Sun Jinshan,Lu Wenbo.Modification of Hoek-Brown criterion and its application[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2008,41(1):63-66.
[12] Hoek E,Brown E T.Practical estimates of rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(8):1165-1186.
[13] Marinos P,Hoek E.Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock masses such as flysch[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment,2001,60(2):85-92.
[14] 李树刚,丁洋,安朝峰,等.近距离煤层重复采动覆岩裂隙形态及其演化规律试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):904-910.Li Shugang,Ding Yang,An Chaofeng,et al.Experimental research on the shape and dynamic evolution of repeated mining-induced fractures in short-distance coal seams[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):904-910.
[15] 赵启峰,张农,韩昌良,等.浅埋薄基岩含水层下煤层开采突水溃砂相似模拟实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):444-451.Zhao Qifeng,Zhang Nong,Han Changliang,et al.Simulation experiment of water-sand inrush during the mining of the shallow coal seam under roof aquifer with thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):444-451.
[16] 王新丰,高明中,李隆钦.深部采场采动应力、覆岩运移以及裂隙场分布的时空耦合规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):604-610.Wang Xinfeng,Gao Mingzhong,Li Longqin.Spatiotmporal coupling law of mining pressure,strata movement and fracture field distribution in deep stope[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):604-610.
[17] 鲁岩,刘长友,周劲锋,等.上薄下厚近距离煤层同采覆岩破断结构特征及支架-围岩关系[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):832-837.Lu Yan,Liu Changyou,Zhou Jinfeng,et al.Failure structure characteristics of strata with upper thin and lower thick strata in ultra-close coal seams with simultaneous mining and relationship between shield and surrounding rock[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):832-837.
[18] 顾大钊,李全生,贺安民,等.能源“金三角”煤炭开发水资源保护与利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[2] 周念清,杨楠,汤亚琦,等.基于Hoek-Brown准则确定核电工程场地岩体力学参数[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2013,43(5):1517-1522,1532.Zhou Nianqing,Yang Nan,Tang Yaqi,et al.Determination of rockmass mechanical parameters of nuclear power engineering site based on Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2013,43(5):1517-1522,1532.
[3] 李同录,罗世毅,何剑,等.节理岩体力学参数的选取与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2182-2186.Li Tonglu,Luo Shiyi,He Jian,et al.Determination and application of mechanical parameters for jointed rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2182-2186.
[4] 袁永才,王美霞,石少帅,等.基于Hoek-Brown准则的山岭隧道围岩力学参数估计[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(1):22-28.Yuan Yongcai,Wang Meixia,Shi Shaoshuai,et al.Estimation of surrounding rock mass mechanical parameters of mountain tunnel based on Hoek-Brown criterion [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(1):22-28.
[5] 钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[6] 谢宝琎,张向东.基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的近接交叉隧道围岩参数计算方法[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(12):101-105,139.Xie Baojin,Zhang Xiangdong.A method for calculating surrounding rock parameters of close-spaced crossing tunnel based on Hoek-Brown strength criterion [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(12):101-105,139.
[7] 赵毅鑫,王涛,姜耀东,等.基于Hoek-Brown 参数确定方法的多煤层开采工作面矿压显现规律模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):970-976.Zhao Yixin,Wang Tao,Jiang Yaodong,et al.Application of Hoek-Brown criterion in numerical simulation of ground pressure features in multi-seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):970-976.
[8] Hoek E,Brown E T.Underground excavation in rock[M].London:Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980.
[9] Hoek E,Carranza-Torres C,Corkum B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion-2002 edition[C]//Proceedings of NARMSTAC 2002,Mining Innovation and Technology.Toronto:University of Toronto,2002:267-273.
[10] 苏永华,封立志,李志勇,等.Hoek-Brown准则中确定地质强度指标因素的量化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):679-686.Su Yonghua,Feng Lizhi,Li Zhiyong,et al.Quantification of elements for geological strength index in Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):679-686.
[11] 孙金山,卢文波.Hoek-Brown经验强度准则的修正及应用[J].武汉大学学报,2008,41(1):63-66.Sun Jinshan,Lu Wenbo.Modification of Hoek-Brown criterion and its application[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2008,41(1):63-66.
[12] Hoek E,Brown E T.Practical estimates of rock mass strength[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(8):1165-1186.
[13] Marinos P,Hoek E.Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock masses such as flysch[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment,2001,60(2):85-92.
[14] 李树刚,丁洋,安朝峰,等.近距离煤层重复采动覆岩裂隙形态及其演化规律试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):904-910.Li Shugang,Ding Yang,An Chaofeng,et al.Experimental research on the shape and dynamic evolution of repeated mining-induced fractures in short-distance coal seams[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):904-910.
[15] 赵启峰,张农,韩昌良,等.浅埋薄基岩含水层下煤层开采突水溃砂相似模拟实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):444-451.Zhao Qifeng,Zhang Nong,Han Changliang,et al.Simulation experiment of water-sand inrush during the mining of the shallow coal seam under roof aquifer with thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):444-451.
[16] 王新丰,高明中,李隆钦.深部采场采动应力、覆岩运移以及裂隙场分布的时空耦合规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):604-610.Wang Xinfeng,Gao Mingzhong,Li Longqin.Spatiotmporal coupling law of mining pressure,strata movement and fracture field distribution in deep stope[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):604-610.
[17] 鲁岩,刘长友,周劲锋,等.上薄下厚近距离煤层同采覆岩破断结构特征及支架-围岩关系[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):832-837.Lu Yan,Liu Changyou,Zhou Jinfeng,et al.Failure structure characteristics of strata with upper thin and lower thick strata in ultra-close coal seams with simultaneous mining and relationship between shield and surrounding rock[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):832-837.
[18] 顾大钊,李全生,贺安民,等.能源“金三角”煤炭开发水资源保护与利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
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