典型灰霾期间PM_(2.5)演化的多重分形特征分析
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摘要
为探索成都市PM_(2.5)污染物的空间来源及其演化机制,该文首先应用后向轨迹模型对灰霾期间抵达成都市的大气气团进行模拟,结果显示灰霾期间本地气团对成都市PM_(2.5)污染物的贡献远超过中远距离的外来气团,占比高达90%以上,局地空间内处于一种静稳状态。其次应用多重分形消除趋势波动分析法对灰霾期间PM_(2.5)的浓度序列进行多重分形分析,研究表明成都市灰霾期间PM_(2.5)浓度具有多重分形特征。最后运用相位随机替代法与随机重构法,对静稳条件下导致PM_(2.5)浓度多重分形特征的原因进行分析。结果表明灰霾期间,长期持续性在PM_(2.5)演化过程中占据主导地位,进而认为此次灰霾期间PM_(2.5)演化的长期持续性是其主要的内在动力机制,此时成都市大气空间内各局部空间PM_(2.5)浓度在多种要素的相互作用下逐步发展为一种相互同步的、均衡的平衡态。
In order to investigate the space source and the evolution mechanism of PM_(2.5)during a typical haze in Chengdu,the backward trajectory model was used to simulate air mass trajectories which arrived Chengdu during the haze.The results show that the mass air of local regions provided more PM_(2.5)than other places,with the proportion more than 90%,and the local space is in a static and stable state.Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis method was used to research the multifractal of PM_(2.5)during the haze,and it was found that the PM_(2.5)shows multifractal characteristics.With the static and stable conditions the sources of multifractal characteristic were studied,through shuffling procedure and phase randomization procedure,it showed that multifractal characteristic of PM_(2.5)was due to long-term memory during the haze.Finally,the dynamic mechanism of PM_(2.5)which controlled by local mass air are discussed based on the long-term memory,and the PM_(2.5)in the local space of Chengdu gradually develops into a synchronous and balanced equilibrium state under the interaction of various elements.
In order to investigate the space source and the evolution mechanism of PM_(2.5)during a typical haze in Chengdu,the backward trajectory model was used to simulate air mass trajectories which arrived Chengdu during the haze.The results show that the mass air of local regions provided more PM_(2.5)than other places,with the proportion more than 90%,and the local space is in a static and stable state.Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis method was used to research the multifractal of PM_(2.5)during the haze,and it was found that the PM_(2.5)shows multifractal characteristics.With the static and stable conditions the sources of multifractal characteristic were studied,through shuffling procedure and phase randomization procedure,it showed that multifractal characteristic of PM_(2.5)was due to long-term memory during the haze.Finally,the dynamic mechanism of PM_(2.5)which controlled by local mass air are discussed based on the long-term memory,and the PM_(2.5)in the local space of Chengdu gradually develops into a synchronous and balanced equilibrium state under the interaction of various elements.
引文
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[17]史凯,刘春琼,艾南山.上海市空气质量变化的多重分形分析[J].环境污染与防治, 2008,30(9):60-64.Shi Kai, Liu Chunqiong, Ai Nanshan. Air quality analysis for Shanghai using multi-fractal approach[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2008,30(9):60-64.
[18]黄毅,刘春琼,史凯,等.灰霾消散前后PM10浓度大幅波动的多重分形分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2016,39(1):140-146.Huang Yi,Liu Chunqiong,Shi Kai, et al. Multifractal characterization of sharp fluctuations about PM10before and after the haze[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016,39(1):140-146.
[19]乔中霞,何红弟,杨斌,等.香港港口近地面O3与氮氧化物浓度变化的多重分形特征[J].环境科学研究, 2017,30(1):121-129.Qiao Zhongxia, He Hongdi, Yang Bin, et al. Multifractal property between ground-level ozone and nitrogen oxide concentrations in Hong Kong Port[J]. Research of Environmental Science, 2017,30(1):121-129.
[20]张巍,陈建文,范文武,等.成都地区特定灰霾天气过程与成因分析[J].四川环境, 2013,32(2):27-32.Zhang Wei, Chen Jianwen, Fan Wenwu, et al. Analysis of the process and causes of haze weather in Chengdu[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2013,32(2):27-32.
[21] Stohl A. Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories:a review and bibliography[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998,32(6):947-966.
[22] Kantelhardt J W, Zschiegner S A, Koscielny Bunde E, et al.Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series[J]. Physica A, 2002,316(1/2/3/4):87-114.
[23] Os'wie-cimka P, Kwapien J, Dro-zd-z S. Wavelet versus detrended fluctuation analysis of multifractual structures[J].Physical Review, 2006(74):16-103.
[24]李志成,郑君瑜,钟流举.珠江三角洲地区2006年颗粒物污染过程识别与分析[J].环境科学研究, 2011,24(9):975-981.Li Zhicheng, Zheng Junyu, Zhong Liuju. Identification and analysis of PM pollution processes in the Pearl River Delta Region in 2006[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2011,24(9):975-981.
[25] Mandelbrot B B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. New York:W H Freeman Company, 1982:1-468.
[26] Kantelhardt JW, Rybskia D, Zschiegner S A, et al. Multifractality of river runoff and precipitation:comparison of fluctuation analysis and wavelet methods[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003,330(1/2):240-245.
[2] David Y H, Pui Sheng Chieh, Chen Zhili Zou. PM2.5in China:measurements, sources, visibility and health effects, and mitigation[J]. Particuology, 2014,13:1-26.
[3]李友平,刘惠芳,周洪,等.成都市PM2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(7):2225-2232.Li Youping, Liu Huifang, Zhou Hong, et al. Contamination characteristics and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5in Chengdu[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(7):2225-2232.
[4]郭曌霞,耿红,张晋宏,等.山西省武乡县城大气PM2.5痕量重金属的生态和健康风险分析[J].环境科学, 2018,3:1-14.Guo Zhaoxia, Geng Hong, Zhang Jinhong, et al. Ecological and health risks of trace heavy metals in atmospheric PM2.5collected in Wuxiang County,Shanxi Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,3:1-14.
[5] Wang Q Y, Cao J J, Shen Z X, et al. Chemical characteristics of PM2.5during dust storms and air pollution events in Chengdu, China[J]. Particuology, 2013,11(1):70-77.
[6] Minhyuk Lee, Jae Wook Song, Ji Hwan Park, et al. Asymmetric multi-fractality in the U.S. stock indices using indexbased model of A-MFDFA[J]. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals,2017,97:28-38.
[7] Zhu Huijian, Zhang Weiguo. Multifractal property of Chinese stock market in the CSI 800 index based on MF-DFA approach[J]. Physica A, 2018,(490):497-503.
[8]李桂美,徐刚,邱玉超,等.重庆地区地震时间结构的多分形特征研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2017,42(12):82-88.Li Guimei, Xu Gang, Qiu Yuchao, et al. Study of multifractal characteristics of time structure of earthquake in Chongqing area[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2017,42(12):82-88.
[9] Eacute M C J, Milton C C C, Denilton C G, et al. Fractal analysis in the description of soil particle-size distribution under different land-use patterns in Southern Amazonas State, Brazil[J]. African Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,11(23):2032-2042.
[10] Yu Xue, Wei Pan, Weizhen Lu, et al. Multifractal nature of particulate matters(PMs)in Hong Kong urban air[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015(532):744-751.
[11] Cobourn W G. An enhanced PM2.5air quality forecast model based on nonlinear regression and back-trajectory concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010, 44(25)3015-3023.
[12]郭倩,汪嘉杨,周子航,等.成都市一次典型空气重污染过程特征及成因分析[J].环境科学学报, 2018,38(2):629-639.Guo Qian, Wang Jiayang, Zhou Zihang,et al. Characteristics and reason analysis of a typical heavy air pollution event in Chengdu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(2):629-639.
[13] Shen Chenhua, Huang Yi, Yan Yani. An analysis of multifractal characteristics of API time series in Nanjing, China[J]. Physica A, 2016(451):171-179.
[14] Xiong Gang, Yu Wenxian, Zhang Shuning. Time-singularity multifractal spectrum distribution based on detrended fluctuation analysis[J]. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and its Acclications, 2015,(437):351-366.
[15] Flores Marqueza EL, Ramírez Rojasb A, Telescac L. Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of earthquake magnitude series of Mexican South Pacific Region[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2015,(265):1106-1114.
[16]苑莹,庄新田,金秀.中国股市的日内效应、忆性及多重分形性:基于价-量交叉相关性视角[J].系统管理学报, 2016,25(1):28-35.Yuan Ying, Zhuang Xintian, Jin Xiu. Intraday effects, long memory and multifractal characteristics in Chinese stock markets:a perspective from cross correlation between price and trading volume[J]. Journal of Systems&Management,2016,25(1):28-35.
[17]史凯,刘春琼,艾南山.上海市空气质量变化的多重分形分析[J].环境污染与防治, 2008,30(9):60-64.Shi Kai, Liu Chunqiong, Ai Nanshan. Air quality analysis for Shanghai using multi-fractal approach[J]. Environmental Pollution&Control, 2008,30(9):60-64.
[18]黄毅,刘春琼,史凯,等.灰霾消散前后PM10浓度大幅波动的多重分形分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2016,39(1):140-146.Huang Yi,Liu Chunqiong,Shi Kai, et al. Multifractal characterization of sharp fluctuations about PM10before and after the haze[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016,39(1):140-146.
[19]乔中霞,何红弟,杨斌,等.香港港口近地面O3与氮氧化物浓度变化的多重分形特征[J].环境科学研究, 2017,30(1):121-129.Qiao Zhongxia, He Hongdi, Yang Bin, et al. Multifractal property between ground-level ozone and nitrogen oxide concentrations in Hong Kong Port[J]. Research of Environmental Science, 2017,30(1):121-129.
[20]张巍,陈建文,范文武,等.成都地区特定灰霾天气过程与成因分析[J].四川环境, 2013,32(2):27-32.Zhang Wei, Chen Jianwen, Fan Wenwu, et al. Analysis of the process and causes of haze weather in Chengdu[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2013,32(2):27-32.
[21] Stohl A. Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories:a review and bibliography[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998,32(6):947-966.
[22] Kantelhardt J W, Zschiegner S A, Koscielny Bunde E, et al.Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series[J]. Physica A, 2002,316(1/2/3/4):87-114.
[23] Os'wie-cimka P, Kwapien J, Dro-zd-z S. Wavelet versus detrended fluctuation analysis of multifractual structures[J].Physical Review, 2006(74):16-103.
[24]李志成,郑君瑜,钟流举.珠江三角洲地区2006年颗粒物污染过程识别与分析[J].环境科学研究, 2011,24(9):975-981.Li Zhicheng, Zheng Junyu, Zhong Liuju. Identification and analysis of PM pollution processes in the Pearl River Delta Region in 2006[J]. Research of Environmental Science,2011,24(9):975-981.
[25] Mandelbrot B B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]. New York:W H Freeman Company, 1982:1-468.
[26] Kantelhardt JW, Rybskia D, Zschiegner S A, et al. Multifractality of river runoff and precipitation:comparison of fluctuation analysis and wavelet methods[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003,330(1/2):240-245.
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