多层纤维球生物滤池净化工厂化养殖循环水处理
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摘要
针对传统工厂化循环水养殖系统能耗偏高、工艺复杂等缺点,研发了一种新型多层纤维球生物滤池反应器。该反应器实现了在零换水条件下去除SS和含氮污染物,同时达到高DO出水的效果。结果表明,实验室条件下,自然挂膜的方式使纤维球形成外部好氧、内部缺氧的环境,反应器可以同时完成硝化和反硝化过程。此外,分析了不同水循环率对反应器的影响。在水循环率为3次/d时:NH~+_4-N质量浓度降低到0.2 mg/L,去除率可达到96.15%;NO~-_3-N去除率稳定在70%左右;NO~-_2-N质量浓度低至0.1 mg/L,去除率高达95.82%;出水COD质量浓度降至4.0 mg/L,去除率达到60%以上;SS去除率高达100%。该反应器较好地实现了养殖废水的同步硝化和反硝化过程。
A new biological filter reactor with multi-layer fiber ball was designed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional aquaculture, such as the high energy consumption and the complicated process. This reactor removed SS and nitrogen pollutants without changing water, and achieved a high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the effluent water. The results show that the naturally-formed biofilm built an externally-aerobic and internally-anoxic environments in the fiber. Therefore, the reactor could simultaneously accomplish the nitrification process and denitrification process. The influence of different water recirculating rate was discussed. In the case of water circulation rate of three times a day that was the optimal for the reactor, the concentration of NH■-N in effluent could be reduced to 0.2 mg/L with the removal rate of 96.15%. The removal efficiency ofNO■-N was stable at about 70%, and the concentration ofNO■-N in effluent could be reduced to 0.1 mg/L with the removal rate of 95.82%. Besides, the concentration of COD in effluent decreased to 4.0 mg/L and the removal rate reached 60% or higher. At the same time, the SS removal rate was up to 100%. The simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process in the reactor was successfully achieved, and this study provides a new idea for the recirculating aquaculture system.
A new biological filter reactor with multi-layer fiber ball was designed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional aquaculture, such as the high energy consumption and the complicated process. This reactor removed SS and nitrogen pollutants without changing water, and achieved a high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the effluent water. The results show that the naturally-formed biofilm built an externally-aerobic and internally-anoxic environments in the fiber. Therefore, the reactor could simultaneously accomplish the nitrification process and denitrification process. The influence of different water recirculating rate was discussed. In the case of water circulation rate of three times a day that was the optimal for the reactor, the concentration of NH■-N in effluent could be reduced to 0.2 mg/L with the removal rate of 96.15%. The removal efficiency ofNO■-N was stable at about 70%, and the concentration ofNO■-N in effluent could be reduced to 0.1 mg/L with the removal rate of 95.82%. Besides, the concentration of COD in effluent decreased to 4.0 mg/L and the removal rate reached 60% or higher. At the same time, the SS removal rate was up to 100%. The simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process in the reactor was successfully achieved, and this study provides a new idea for the recirculating aquaculture system.
引文
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[16] 张世羊,张胜花,张翔凌,等.组合生物滤池对养殖废水的净化效率及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2419-2428.(ZHANG Shiyang,ZHANG Shenghua,ZHANG Xiangling,et al.Purification efficiency and influencing factors of combined bio-filters for aquaculture wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2419-2428.(in Chinese))
[17] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
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[19] 于冬冬.海水循环水养殖系统中微细颗粒去除技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[20] LIU Hongyuan,ZHU Liying,TIAN Xiaohe,et al.Seasonal variation of bacterial community in biological aerated filter for ammonia removal in drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2017,123:668-677.
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[22] 黄翔鹄.对虾高位池水环境养殖污染和浮游微藻生态调控机制研究[D].上海:东华大学,2013.
[23] 王琳,田璐.曝气生物滤池脱氮研究进展[J].水处理技术,2018,44(7):1-5.(WANG Lin,TIAN Lu.Research progress in nitrogen removal by biological aerated filter[J].Technology Water Treatment,2018,44(7):1-5.(in Chinese))
[24] 邵留,兰燕月,姬芬,等.玉米芯强化生物反应器对罗非鱼循环养殖废水脱氮效果研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(2):217-226.(SHAO Liu,LAN Yanyue,JI Fen,et al.On nitrogen removal from tilapia recirculating aquaculture waste water using corncob as carbon source and biofilm carrier[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(2):217-226.( in Chinese))
[25] 杨麒,李小明,曾光明,等.同步硝化反硝化机理的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2003,31(4):88-91.(YANG Qi,LI Xiaoming,ZENG Guangming,et al.Study progress on mechanism for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification[J].Microbiology,2003,31(4):88-91.(in Chinese))
[26] 马牧源,崔丽娟,张曼胤,等.白洋淀养鸭废水水质组成及其扩散和消减特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):145-153.(MA Muyuan,CUI Lijuan,ZHANG Manyin,et al.Water quality composition of duck farm wastewater in Baiyangdian Lake and its diffusion and reduction characteristics[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):145-153.(in Chinese))
[27] 陆伟强,高桦楠,刘春胜,等.不同NH+4-N和溶解氧条件下循环海水养殖系统生物滤池对NH+4-N、化学耗氧量及颗粒悬浮物的处理效果[J].渔业科学进展,2018,39(3):89-95.(LU Weiqiang,GAO Huanan,LIU Chunsheng,et al.Treatment effect of ammonia nitrogen,cod and ss by a coral stone biological filter in the recirculating aquaculture systems under different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2018,39(3):89-95.(in Chinese))
[ 2 ] 赵秀侠,杨坤,方婷,等.3种微藻在龟鳖养殖废水中的生长与脱氮除磷特性[J].水资源保护,2018,34(1):83-87.(ZHAO Xiuxia,YANG Kun,FANG Ting,et al.Growth feature and nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics of three microalgae in turtle breeding wastewater[J].Water Resources Protection,2018,34(1):83-87.(in Chinese))
[ 3 ] 陈军,徐皓,倪琦,等.我国工厂化循环水养殖发展研究报告[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(4):1-6.(CHEN Jun,XU Hao,NI Qi,et al.The study report on the development of China industrial recirculating aquaculture[J].Fishery Modernization,2009,36(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[ 4 ] 胡庚东,宋超,陈家长,等.池塘循环水养殖模式的构建及其对氮磷的去除效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(3):82-86.(HU Gengdong,SONG Chao,CHEN Jiazhang,et al.Modeling of water circulating pond aquaculture system and its N&P removal effect[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27(3):82-86.(in Chinese))
[ 5 ] 燕文明,刘凌,赵倩维,等.小型浅水湖泊表层沉积物氨氧化古菌群落结构特征[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):449-453.(YAN Wenming,LIU Ling,ZHAO Qianwei,et al.Characteristics of community structure of AOA in surface sediments of small shallow lakes[J].Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2016,44(5):449-453.(in Chinese))
[ 6 ] 刘道玉,吴伟.水产养殖水体污染及微生物修复的研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(17):253-256.(LIU Daoyu,WU Wei.Research on water pollution and microbial remediation of aquaculture[J].Modern Agricultural Science & Technology,2011(17):253-256.(in Chinese))
[ 7 ] CHEN Chongjun,HUANG Xiaoxiao,LEI Chenxiao,et al.Effect of organic matter strength on anammox for modified greenhouse turtle breeding wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,148:172-179.
[ 8 ] TIMMONSM B,EBELING J M.Recirculating Aquaculture[M].Ithaca:Cayuga Aqua Ventures,2007.
[ 9 ] BLANCHETON J P.Developments in recirculation systems for medi-terranean fish species[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2000,22 (1):17-31.
[10] DALSGAARD J,LUND I,THORARINSDOTTIR R,et al.Farming different species in RAS in Nordic countries:current status and future perspectives[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,53:2-13.
[11] 周子明,李华,刘青松,等.工厂化循环水养殖系统中生物填料的研究现状[J].水处理技术,2015,41(12):33-37.(ZHOU Ziming,LI Hua,LIU Qingsong,et al.Current situation of the research on biological media in recirculating aquaculture system[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2015,41(12):33-37.(in Chinese))
[12] WANG Jianhua,LU Jian,ZHANG Yuxuan,et al.High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbial community in coastal intensive mariculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2018,83:93-102.
[13] 楼菊青,郭茂新.SBR生物脱氮运行控制方式的优化[J].水资源保护,2009,25(4):70-72.LOU Juqing,GUO Maoxin.Operating modes optimization of biological nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactor system [J].Water Resources Protection,2009,25(4):70-72.(in Chinese))
[14] 卢立泉,邱立平,刘盼盼,等.接种BAF处理海水养殖废水低温启动及微生物特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2574-2582.(LU Liquan,QIU Liping,LIU Panpan,et al.Low temperature start-up characteristics and microbial population of BAFs for marine aquaculture wastewater treatment inoculated with two kinds of sludge[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2574-2582.(in Chinese))
[15] 赵琳君.复合式生物滤池和人工湿地对淡水鱼类养殖废水处理效果的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2018.
[16] 张世羊,张胜花,张翔凌,等.组合生物滤池对养殖废水的净化效率及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2419-2428.(ZHANG Shiyang,ZHANG Shenghua,ZHANG Xiangling,et al.Purification efficiency and influencing factors of combined bio-filters for aquaculture wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2419-2428.(in Chinese))
[17] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18] JOHN D,CHRISTOPHER G,CARLA W,et al.The effects of ozone and water exchange rates on water quality and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss performance in replicated water recirculating systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,44:80-96.
[19] 于冬冬.海水循环水养殖系统中微细颗粒去除技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[20] LIU Hongyuan,ZHU Liying,TIAN Xiaohe,et al.Seasonal variation of bacterial community in biological aerated filter for ammonia removal in drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2017,123:668-677.
[21] 肖玉冰,冯骞,江峰,等.有效微生物(EM)在中华绒螯蟹养殖中的应用[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(5):404-409.(XIAO Yubing,FENG Qian,JIANG Feng,et al.Application of effective microorganisms(EM) to Eriocheir sinensis culture[J].Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2014,42(5):404-409.(in Chinese))
[22] 黄翔鹄.对虾高位池水环境养殖污染和浮游微藻生态调控机制研究[D].上海:东华大学,2013.
[23] 王琳,田璐.曝气生物滤池脱氮研究进展[J].水处理技术,2018,44(7):1-5.(WANG Lin,TIAN Lu.Research progress in nitrogen removal by biological aerated filter[J].Technology Water Treatment,2018,44(7):1-5.(in Chinese))
[24] 邵留,兰燕月,姬芬,等.玉米芯强化生物反应器对罗非鱼循环养殖废水脱氮效果研究[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(2):217-226.(SHAO Liu,LAN Yanyue,JI Fen,et al.On nitrogen removal from tilapia recirculating aquaculture waste water using corncob as carbon source and biofilm carrier[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(2):217-226.( in Chinese))
[25] 杨麒,李小明,曾光明,等.同步硝化反硝化机理的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2003,31(4):88-91.(YANG Qi,LI Xiaoming,ZENG Guangming,et al.Study progress on mechanism for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification[J].Microbiology,2003,31(4):88-91.(in Chinese))
[26] 马牧源,崔丽娟,张曼胤,等.白洋淀养鸭废水水质组成及其扩散和消减特征[J].水资源保护,2017,33(5):145-153.(MA Muyuan,CUI Lijuan,ZHANG Manyin,et al.Water quality composition of duck farm wastewater in Baiyangdian Lake and its diffusion and reduction characteristics[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(5):145-153.(in Chinese))
[27] 陆伟强,高桦楠,刘春胜,等.不同NH+4-N和溶解氧条件下循环海水养殖系统生物滤池对NH+4-N、化学耗氧量及颗粒悬浮物的处理效果[J].渔业科学进展,2018,39(3):89-95.(LU Weiqiang,GAO Huanan,LIU Chunsheng,et al.Treatment effect of ammonia nitrogen,cod and ss by a coral stone biological filter in the recirculating aquaculture systems under different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2018,39(3):89-95.(in Chinese))
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