植物根系固土作用对崩岗稳定性影响的数值模拟
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摘要
植物护坡是防治崩岗侵蚀的重要方法,为了研究根系固土作用对鄂东南通城县崩岗崩壁稳定性的影响,将根系简化为主直根型,通过室内试验得到崩壁各土层的力学参数,应用Abaqus程序构建造林崩壁稳定性分析模型(将崩壁坡面以直线近似替代),分别计算了主根系长度、种植间距、根系布置位置、主根入土方位、侧根分支角度、根系相对加固位置的变化对崩壁稳定安全系数的影响。模拟结果表明:在控制崩壁植物根系单变量变化的条件下,主根长度越大,崩壁的安全系数越大;安全系数与种植间距之间呈双折线负相关关系;安全系数随着侧根分支角度的增加先增大后减小;安全系数随着根系距坡趾距离的增加先递增后回落直至趋于稳定;只在坡面偏下部的局部范围内种植主根垂直坡面生长的植物时安全系数存在最优值。
Collapsing erosion is a common and specific form of soil erosion in granite areas of southern China,while eco-protection slope through roots is a cost-effective and environmentally compatible method for prevention of collapsing erosion.In the aim of investigating the influence of root reinforcement systems on the stability of collapsing gullies wall,the slope reinforcement mechanism of the plant root was studied in this paper.The plant root was simplified into taproot type.A 2 Dfinite element model of collapsing gullies wall considering the roots was established by means of ABAQUS software platform.The effect of the variation of some factors such as length,spacing,position,entry direction,lateral branch angle and root-slope toe distance on the safety factor of collapsing slope was analyzed respectively.Considering the influence of a single factor,the following conclusions are drawn:with the increase of taproot length,the stability of collapsing slope can be improved.A double fold linear negative correlation appears between the safety factor of collapsing gullies wall and the planting spacing.The safety factor first increases with the lateral branch angle,reaching apeak value at a lateral branch angle of 45 degree,then turns gradually attenuated.With the increase of distance from the root to the slope toe,the safety factor first increases and then declines until levels off.The safety factor is the largest when the roots in the lower slope are perpendicular to the slope surface.
Collapsing erosion is a common and specific form of soil erosion in granite areas of southern China,while eco-protection slope through roots is a cost-effective and environmentally compatible method for prevention of collapsing erosion.In the aim of investigating the influence of root reinforcement systems on the stability of collapsing gullies wall,the slope reinforcement mechanism of the plant root was studied in this paper.The plant root was simplified into taproot type.A 2 Dfinite element model of collapsing gullies wall considering the roots was established by means of ABAQUS software platform.The effect of the variation of some factors such as length,spacing,position,entry direction,lateral branch angle and root-slope toe distance on the safety factor of collapsing slope was analyzed respectively.Considering the influence of a single factor,the following conclusions are drawn:with the increase of taproot length,the stability of collapsing slope can be improved.A double fold linear negative correlation appears between the safety factor of collapsing gullies wall and the planting spacing.The safety factor first increases with the lateral branch angle,reaching apeak value at a lateral branch angle of 45 degree,then turns gradually attenuated.With the increase of distance from the root to the slope toe,the safety factor first increases and then declines until levels off.The safety factor is the largest when the roots in the lower slope are perpendicular to the slope surface.
引文
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[11]肖本林,罗寿龙,陈军,等.根系生态护坡的有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1 881-1 885.Xiao B L,Luo Sh L,Chen J,et al.Finite element analysis of eco-protection slope through roots[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1 881-1 885.(in Chinese)
[12]李国荣,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木植物根系护坡效应的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1 877-1 884.Li G R,Hu X S,Mao X Q,et al.Numerical simulation of shrub roots for slope protection effects on loess area of northeast Qinghai Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1 877-1 884.(in Chinese)
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[14]周德培,张俊云.植被护坡工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.Zhou D P,Zhang J Y.Engineering technology of vegetation slope protection[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[15]夏栋.南方花岗岩区崩岗崩壁稳定性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.Xia D.Research of stability of collapsing gully wallin granite region of south China[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agriculture University,2015.(in Chinese)
[16]郑颖人,赵尚毅,李安洪,等.有限元极限分析法及其在边坡中的应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011.Zheng Y R,Zhao Sh Y,Li A H,et al.FEM limit analysis and its application in slope engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[17]宋维峰,陈丽华,刘秀萍.林木根系固土作用数值分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(增2):80-84.Song W F,Chen L H,Liu X P.Numerical analysis on the effects of forest root system on soil reinforcement[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(Sup 2):80-84.(in Chinese)
[18]嵇晓雷.基于植被根系分布形态的生态边坡稳定性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.Ji X L.A roots distribution-based study on the stability of ecological slope[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013.(in Chinese)
[19]万娟,肖衡林,何俊.多花木兰根系抗拉特性及边坡稳定性分析[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(8):109-113.Wan J,Xiao H L,He J.Tensile properties of Magnolia Multiflora’s roots and slope stability analysis[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition),2014,42(8):109-113.(in Chinese)
[20]殷宗泽,徐彬.反映裂隙影响的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):454-459.Yin Z Z,Xu B.Slope stability of expansive soil under fissure influence[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(3):454-459.(in Chinese)
[21]汤连生,桑海涛,侯涛,等.花岗岩残积土抗拉强度试验研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):98-105.Tang L Sh,Sang H T,Hou T,et al.Experimental study on tensile strength of granite residual soil[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Natural Science E-dition),2014,53(6):98-105.(in Chinese)
[22]张晓明,丁树文,蔡崇法,等.干湿效应下崩岗岩土不均匀沉降变形规律与崩壁崩坍机制[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):299-305.Zhang X M,Ding Sh W,Cai Ch F,et al.Mechanism of effects of wetting-drying on nonuniform settlement and caved wall collapse in slope disintegration erosion area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Sup 2):299-305.(in Chinese)
[2]鲁胜力.加快花岗岩区崩岗治理的措施建议[J].中国水利,2005(10):44-46.Lu Sh L.Proposed measures for speeding up harness of granite slide in granite areas[J].China Water Resources,2005(10):44-46.(in Chinese)
[3]李小林.赣南崩岗治理模式探讨[J].江西水利科技,2012,38(3):166-168.Li X L.Discussion of the collapse hill control mode in South Gan[J].Jiangxi Hydraulic Science&Technology,2012,38(3):166-168.(in Chinese)
[4]林敬兰,黄炎和,张德斌,等.水分对崩岗土体抗剪切特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):55-58.Lin J L,Huang Y H,Zhang D B,et al.Influence of soil moisture content on shear characteristics of Benggang[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2013,27(3):55-58.(in Chinese)
[5]许文年,夏振尧,周明涛,等.植被混凝土生态防护技术理论与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.Xu W N,Xia Zh Y,Zhou M T,et al.Theory and practice of ecological protection technology of vegetation concrete[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[6]Gary D H,Andrew T L.Biotechical slope protection and erosion control[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,1982:37-54.
[7]何恺文,黄炎和,蒋芳市,等.2种草本植物根系对长汀县崩岗洪积扇土壤水分状况的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):25-34.He K W,Huang Y H,Jiang F Sh,et al.Effects of two types of herb plants’roots on soil moisture in the alluvial soil in Changting County[J].Science Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(4):25-34.(in Chinese)
[8]周锡九,赵晓峰.坡面植草防护的浅层加固作用[J].北方交通大学学报,1995,19(2):143-146.Zhou X J,Zhao X F.Reinforcement action of slope protection with Herbage at shallow layer[J].Journal of Northern Jiaotong University,1995,19(2):143-146.(in Chinese)
[9]付海峰,姜志强,张书丰.植物根系固坡效应模拟及稳定性数值分析[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(1):92-94.Fu H F,Jiang Zh Q,Zhang Sh F.Numerical simulation of root reinforcement to stability of slope[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,27(1):92-94.(in Chinese)
[10]徐中华,钭逢光,陈锦剑.活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增2):275-279.Xu Zh H,Dou F G,Chen J J.Numerical analysis of the stability of slopes reinforced by live staking[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Sup 2):275-279.(in Chinese)
[11]肖本林,罗寿龙,陈军,等.根系生态护坡的有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1 881-1 885.Xiao B L,Luo Sh L,Chen J,et al.Finite element analysis of eco-protection slope through roots[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1 881-1 885.(in Chinese)
[12]李国荣,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木植物根系护坡效应的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1 877-1 884.Li G R,Hu X S,Mao X Q,et al.Numerical simulation of shrub roots for slope protection effects on loess area of northeast Qinghai Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1 877-1 884.(in Chinese)
[13]王可钧,李焯芬.植物固坡的力学简析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):687-691.Wang K J,Lee C F.Brief mechanics analysis on bioengineering techniques for slope protection[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):687-691.(in Chinese)
[14]周德培,张俊云.植被护坡工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.Zhou D P,Zhang J Y.Engineering technology of vegetation slope protection[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[15]夏栋.南方花岗岩区崩岗崩壁稳定性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.Xia D.Research of stability of collapsing gully wallin granite region of south China[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agriculture University,2015.(in Chinese)
[16]郑颖人,赵尚毅,李安洪,等.有限元极限分析法及其在边坡中的应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011.Zheng Y R,Zhao Sh Y,Li A H,et al.FEM limit analysis and its application in slope engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[17]宋维峰,陈丽华,刘秀萍.林木根系固土作用数值分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(增2):80-84.Song W F,Chen L H,Liu X P.Numerical analysis on the effects of forest root system on soil reinforcement[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(Sup 2):80-84.(in Chinese)
[18]嵇晓雷.基于植被根系分布形态的生态边坡稳定性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.Ji X L.A roots distribution-based study on the stability of ecological slope[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013.(in Chinese)
[19]万娟,肖衡林,何俊.多花木兰根系抗拉特性及边坡稳定性分析[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(8):109-113.Wan J,Xiao H L,He J.Tensile properties of Magnolia Multiflora’s roots and slope stability analysis[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition),2014,42(8):109-113.(in Chinese)
[20]殷宗泽,徐彬.反映裂隙影响的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):454-459.Yin Z Z,Xu B.Slope stability of expansive soil under fissure influence[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(3):454-459.(in Chinese)
[21]汤连生,桑海涛,侯涛,等.花岗岩残积土抗拉强度试验研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(6):98-105.Tang L Sh,Sang H T,Hou T,et al.Experimental study on tensile strength of granite residual soil[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Natural Science E-dition),2014,53(6):98-105.(in Chinese)
[22]张晓明,丁树文,蔡崇法,等.干湿效应下崩岗岩土不均匀沉降变形规律与崩壁崩坍机制[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):299-305.Zhang X M,Ding Sh W,Cai Ch F,et al.Mechanism of effects of wetting-drying on nonuniform settlement and caved wall collapse in slope disintegration erosion area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Sup 2):299-305.(in Chinese)
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