综放剧烈采动影响煤巷窄煤柱破裂失稳机理与控制技术
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摘要
针对综放剧烈采动影响煤巷窄煤柱出现的破裂失稳问题,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等相结合的研究方法,探讨窄煤柱破裂失稳机理及其控制技术。结果表明:1)受上覆岩层破断回转运动影响,窄煤柱帮发生明显水平挤压运动,造成浅部煤体挤压、错动和破碎,变形破坏主要发生在煤柱帮中上部区域;2)关键块回转运动行为将对沿空巷道围岩产生沿铅垂方向的支承压力σj,同时还将对窄煤柱产生水平力σ_d,在此复杂应力作用下沿空巷道窄煤柱发生破裂失稳,由浅至深煤体应变演化过程为拉应变→压应变→拉应变;3)阐明该类巷道控制原理,提出"高强锚杆支护+顶板锚索槽钢组合结构+煤柱帮锚索加固"的综放沿空巷道支护方案并进行现场应用。现场工程实践表明,该技术可有效控制综放沿空巷道围岩变形。
In view of the fracture and instability of a narrow pillar in a gob-side entry in fully mechanized caving mining under intense mining, a comprehensive method including theory analysis, numerical modeling and field monitoring has been employed to study its fracture and instability mechanism and control technology. The results have indicated that:1) Under the effect induced by fracture and rotation movement of unstable overlying strata, the obvious squeezing movement occurred in the coal mass of a narrow pillar, resulting in squeezing, dislocating, and fracturing in the coal mass, and the main deformation and failure zone is in the middle and upper zone of the coal pillar. 2) A mining stress in the vertical direction σj induced by the rotation movement of the key blocks will be exerted on the coal masse surrounding the gob side entry, meanwhile a compression stress in the horizontal direction σd will be exerted on the coal pillar. Consequently, under the effect of this compound stress, squeezing and fracture and instability occurred in the narrow coal pillar in the gob side entry; the evolution process of the strain from the shallow to deep in the coal mass was tension strain-compression strain-tension strain. 3) The control mechanism of the entry has been proposed, and a support scheme including "high strength bolts support + cables and steel combined structure in the roof + cables in the coal pillar" has been employed in the field. The field engineering practice indicates that this support technology can control the deformation of the coal mass surrounding the gob side entry effectively.
In view of the fracture and instability of a narrow pillar in a gob-side entry in fully mechanized caving mining under intense mining, a comprehensive method including theory analysis, numerical modeling and field monitoring has been employed to study its fracture and instability mechanism and control technology. The results have indicated that:1) Under the effect induced by fracture and rotation movement of unstable overlying strata, the obvious squeezing movement occurred in the coal mass of a narrow pillar, resulting in squeezing, dislocating, and fracturing in the coal mass, and the main deformation and failure zone is in the middle and upper zone of the coal pillar. 2) A mining stress in the vertical direction σj induced by the rotation movement of the key blocks will be exerted on the coal masse surrounding the gob side entry, meanwhile a compression stress in the horizontal direction σd will be exerted on the coal pillar. Consequently, under the effect of this compound stress, squeezing and fracture and instability occurred in the narrow coal pillar in the gob side entry; the evolution process of the strain from the shallow to deep in the coal mass was tension strain-compression strain-tension strain. 3) The control mechanism of the entry has been proposed, and a support scheme including "high strength bolts support + cables and steel combined structure in the roof + cables in the coal pillar" has been employed in the field. The field engineering practice indicates that this support technology can control the deformation of the coal mass surrounding the gob side entry effectively.
引文
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[7]王卫军,侯朝炯.沿空巷道底鼓力学原理及控制技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):69-74.WANG Weijun,HOU Chaojiong.Study on mechanical principle and control technique of floor heave in roadway driven along next goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):69-74.
[8]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42.ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,CHEN Jianben,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):36-42.
[9]许家林,鞠金峰.特大采高综采面关键层结构形态及其对矿压显现的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1547-1556.XU Jialin,JU Jinfeng.Structural morphology of key strata and its influence on strata behavior in fullymechanized face with super great mining height[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1547-1556.
[10]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:45-46.
[11]张广超,何富连,来永辉,等.高强度开采综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度与控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2188-2194.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian,LAI Yonghui,et al.Reasonable width and control technique of segment coal pillar with high-intensity fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2188-2194.
[12]王德超,李术才,王琦,等.深部厚煤层综放沿空掘巷煤柱合理宽度试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):539-548.WANG Dechao,LI Shucai,WANG Qi,et al.Experimental study of reasonable coal pillar width in fully mechanized top coal caving face of thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):539-548.
[13]张广超,何富连.大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1721-1728.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian.Pillar width determination and surrounding rocks control of gob-side entry with large cross-section and fully-mechanized mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(6):1721-1728.
[14]何富连,张广超.大断面采动剧烈影响煤巷变形破坏机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):423-430.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of large section coal roadway subjected to severe mining dynamic load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):423-430.
[15]查文化,李雪,华心祝,等.基本顶断裂位置对窄煤柱护巷的影响及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):332-338.ZHA Wenhua,LI Xue,HUA Xinzhu,et al.Impact and application on narrow coal pillar for roadway protecting from fracture position of upper roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):332-338.
[2]张源,万志军,李付臣,等.不稳定覆岩下沿空掘巷围岩大变形机理[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):451-458.ZHANG Yuan,WAN Zhijun,LI Fuchen,et al.Large deformation mechanism of roadway driving along goaf under unstable overlying rock strata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):451-458.
[3]张广超,何富连.大断面强采动综放煤巷顶板非对称破坏机制与控制对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):806-818.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian.Asymmetric failure and control measures of large cross-section entry roof with,strong mining disturbance and fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(4):806-818.
[4]侯朝炯,马念杰.煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(4):23-31.HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Coal stress and limit equilibrium zone study on two sides of coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(4):23-31.
[5]张农,李学华,高明仕.迎采动工作面沿空掘巷预拉力支护及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(12):2100-2105.ZHANG Nong,LI Xuehua,GAO Mingshi.Pretensioned support of roadway driven along next gob and heading adjacent advancing coal face and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(12):2100-2105.
[6]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3475-3479.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong,HUANG Hanfu.Numerical simulation study on stability of narrow coal pillar of roadway driving along goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3475-3479.
[7]王卫军,侯朝炯.沿空巷道底鼓力学原理及控制技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):69-74.WANG Weijun,HOU Chaojiong.Study on mechanical principle and control technique of floor heave in roadway driven along next goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):69-74.
[8]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42.ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,CHEN Jianben,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):36-42.
[9]许家林,鞠金峰.特大采高综采面关键层结构形态及其对矿压显现的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1547-1556.XU Jialin,JU Jinfeng.Structural morphology of key strata and its influence on strata behavior in fullymechanized face with super great mining height[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1547-1556.
[10]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:45-46.
[11]张广超,何富连,来永辉,等.高强度开采综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度与控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2188-2194.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian,LAI Yonghui,et al.Reasonable width and control technique of segment coal pillar with high-intensity fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2188-2194.
[12]王德超,李术才,王琦,等.深部厚煤层综放沿空掘巷煤柱合理宽度试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):539-548.WANG Dechao,LI Shucai,WANG Qi,et al.Experimental study of reasonable coal pillar width in fully mechanized top coal caving face of thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):539-548.
[13]张广超,何富连.大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1721-1728.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian.Pillar width determination and surrounding rocks control of gob-side entry with large cross-section and fully-mechanized mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(6):1721-1728.
[14]何富连,张广超.大断面采动剧烈影响煤巷变形破坏机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):423-430.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of large section coal roadway subjected to severe mining dynamic load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):423-430.
[15]查文化,李雪,华心祝,等.基本顶断裂位置对窄煤柱护巷的影响及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):332-338.ZHA Wenhua,LI Xue,HUA Xinzhu,et al.Impact and application on narrow coal pillar for roadway protecting from fracture position of upper roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):332-338.
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