层孔虫研究进展与展望
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摘要
层孔虫(stromatoporoid)一词由德国地质学家Goldfuss在1826年创立,因其表面呈纹层状而得名。层孔虫属于海绵动物,是一类营群体生活的海洋底栖固着生物,形态多样,大小从几厘米至数米不等,通常生活在温暖、清澈、盐度正常和光照条件好的浅海中,常与珊瑚、藻类共生而形成生物礁,是重要的造礁生物之一。层孔虫起源于早奥陶世,繁盛于泥盆纪,进入石炭纪基本消失,但在晚三叠世复又出现,并于晚侏罗世得到进一步发展,最终在早白垩世末彻底灭绝。本文在回顾总结了层孔虫研究历史与研究现状,指出层孔虫的研究历史大体经历了零星研究阶段(1826—1950年)、系统研究阶段(1951—1971年)和集成创新阶段(1972年至今),主要介绍了层孔虫的形态与构造、系统分类、起源与演化、生物间的共生关系和层孔虫在古环境重建中的应用,在此基础上提出了目前层孔虫研究中存在的3个主要问题:缺少明确、完善且统一的生物分类方案;起源的时代存在争议,演化过程中存在奇怪的"间断"现象,早石炭世至晚三叠世的地层中未见相关化石记录;与各种共生生物之间的关系不甚清楚。层孔虫在古生物学的研究中是不可缺少的一个门类,它的各种形态、习性特征在恢复古地理、重建古环境的过程中具有重要意义。
The stromatoporoid,a term proposed by the German geologist Goldfuss in 1826,was named for its laminar structure. As a type of sponge,the stromatoporoid is a marine organism leading a colonial life. Stromatoporoids have various shapes and the size of them ranges from a few centimetres to several metres. Living in a shallow sea with warm,clear,normal salinity and good light conditions,they are often associated with corals and algae to form reefs and are one of the most important reef-building organisms. The evolution of stromatoporoids is a mystery because they originated in the Early Ordovician,prospered in the Devonian,and disappeared into the Carboniferous,but reappeared in the Late Triassic,and further developed in the Late Jurassic,eventually became completely extinct in the end of the Early Cretaceous. The research history of stromatoporoids has gone through three stages: The sporadic research stage( 1826-1950),the systematic research stage( 1951-1971),and the integrated innovation stage( since1972). This paper mainly introduces the morphology and structure,systematic classification,origin and evolution,the symbiotic relationship between organisms and the application of stromatoporoids in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Three main problems in the current research of stromatoporoids were proposed:( 1) the lack of clear, complete and unified taxonomical schemes;( 2) the origin and the"blank"phenomenon of evolution;( 3) tangible relationships with symbiotic organisms. Based on those,prospects of stromatoporoids' research have been described. Stomatoporoids are an indispensable part of palaeontology research,and the various morphological and habit characteristics of them are of great significance in the process of restoring palaeogeography and reconstructing the palaeoenvironment.
The stromatoporoid,a term proposed by the German geologist Goldfuss in 1826,was named for its laminar structure. As a type of sponge,the stromatoporoid is a marine organism leading a colonial life. Stromatoporoids have various shapes and the size of them ranges from a few centimetres to several metres. Living in a shallow sea with warm,clear,normal salinity and good light conditions,they are often associated with corals and algae to form reefs and are one of the most important reef-building organisms. The evolution of stromatoporoids is a mystery because they originated in the Early Ordovician,prospered in the Devonian,and disappeared into the Carboniferous,but reappeared in the Late Triassic,and further developed in the Late Jurassic,eventually became completely extinct in the end of the Early Cretaceous. The research history of stromatoporoids has gone through three stages: The sporadic research stage( 1826-1950),the systematic research stage( 1951-1971),and the integrated innovation stage( since1972). This paper mainly introduces the morphology and structure,systematic classification,origin and evolution,the symbiotic relationship between organisms and the application of stromatoporoids in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Three main problems in the current research of stromatoporoids were proposed:( 1) the lack of clear, complete and unified taxonomical schemes;( 2) the origin and the"blank"phenomenon of evolution;( 3) tangible relationships with symbiotic organisms. Based on those,prospects of stromatoporoids' research have been described. Stomatoporoids are an indispensable part of palaeontology research,and the various morphological and habit characteristics of them are of great significance in the process of restoring palaeogeography and reconstructing the palaeoenvironment.
引文
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