基于地震与非地震联合约束下复杂冲断带构造建模:以西昆仑山前柯东构造带为例
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摘要
柯东构造带是揭示西昆仑山前冲断带变形过程的关键区之一,也是当前油气勘探重要的目标区。由于该区构造变形强、地层速度变化快以及地表条件复杂等因素,导致当前勘探面临着地震勘探资料品质差,构造建模多解性强等问题。文章利用R型因子降维分析方法,通过对柯东构造带甫沙地区的重、磁、电反演成果进行降维分析,结果表明甫沙地区深部发育断块构造,不存在地震剖面上显示的背斜构造;同时联合地震资料的综合解释,认为现今的甫沙地区发育的断块构造是早期的完整背斜受早更新世山前右旋走滑断裂改造的结果。在柯东构造带的综合建模实践表明,通过地震与非地震方法的联合约束可以为认识复杂冲断带的构造变形提供有效的手段。
The Kedong structural belt is one of the key areas to reveal the deformation processes of thrust belts in the piedmont of western Kunlun Mountains, as well as an important target area for petroleum exploration at present. Because of strong structural deformation, fast change in seismic velocity across strata and complex surface conditions, the present exploration faces problems of poor-quality seismic data, resulting in multiple interpretations of structural modeling. This work uses R factor dimensionality reduction method to analyze the inversion of gravity, magnetic and electrical data of Fusha area in the Kedong belt. The results show that there is a fault block structure beneath Fusha area and seismic image does not show an anticline structure. Meanwhile, together with the seismic interpretation, we propose that the Fusha fault block structure was a result of an earlier complete anticline reworked by a dextral strike-slip fault in the Early Pleistocene. The practice of comprehensive modeling in the Kedong structural belt shows that the integrated method of seismic and non-seismic data can provide a powerful tool to understand the complex deformation processes in a complex thrust belt.
The Kedong structural belt is one of the key areas to reveal the deformation processes of thrust belts in the piedmont of western Kunlun Mountains, as well as an important target area for petroleum exploration at present. Because of strong structural deformation, fast change in seismic velocity across strata and complex surface conditions, the present exploration faces problems of poor-quality seismic data, resulting in multiple interpretations of structural modeling. This work uses R factor dimensionality reduction method to analyze the inversion of gravity, magnetic and electrical data of Fusha area in the Kedong belt. The results show that there is a fault block structure beneath Fusha area and seismic image does not show an anticline structure. Meanwhile, together with the seismic interpretation, we propose that the Fusha fault block structure was a result of an earlier complete anticline reworked by a dextral strike-slip fault in the Early Pleistocene. The practice of comprehensive modeling in the Kedong structural belt shows that the integrated method of seismic and non-seismic data can provide a powerful tool to understand the complex deformation processes in a complex thrust belt.
引文
陈汉林,张芬芬,程晓敢,等.2010.帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构[J].地质科学,45(1):102-112.
陈学国,相鹏.2017.山前带重磁电震综合构造建模方法在准噶尔盆地哈山地区的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):65-74.
程晓敢,黄智斌,陈汉林,等.2012.西昆仑山前冲断带断裂特征及构造单元划分[J].岩石学报,28(8):2591-2601.
程晓敢,雷刚林,陈汉林,等.2011.西昆仑山前甫沙-克里阳地区新生代变形特征及油气控制作用[J].石油学报,32(1):83-89.
杜治利,师骏,曾昌民,等.2012.柯东构造带柯东段中新世以来两期构造变形与油气成藏[J].新疆地质,30(2):192-195.
范小根,程晓敢,陈汉林,等.2015.塔西南新生代前陆盆地东段盆山结构与冲断带变形特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,(2):241-249.
耿国帅.2014.因子分析在地球化学数据处理中的应用[J].地质与勘探,50(Z1):1365-1373.
何登发,杨庚,管树巍,等.2005.前陆盆地构造建模的原理与基本方法[J].石油勘探与开发,32(3):7-14.
何展翔,贾进斗,苟量.2001.非地震技术在油气勘探开发中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,28(4):70-72.
李德春,杨书江,胡祖志,等.2012.三维重磁电震资料的联合解释-以库车大北地区山前砾石层为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(2):353-359.
梁瀚,汪新,陈伟,等.2014.西昆仑山前和田-柯克亚挤压构造带新生代变形时序及其地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,38(1):27-37.
宋景明,冉学锋.2001.重、磁、电、地震联合解释技术的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,36(b11):5-9.
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.2004.帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,39(2):260-271.
肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.2000.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,7(s2):128-135.
许志琴,戚学祥,刘福来,等.2004.西昆仑康西瓦加里东期孔兹岩系及地质意义[J].地质学报,78(6):733-743.
许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.2011.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,27(1):1-22.
杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.2011.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,46(2):456-465.
曾道明,纪宏金,高文,等.2008.R-Q型因子分析与对应分析[J].物探化探计算技术,30(1):78-80.
周翼,李道善,师骏,等.2011.塔西南柯东构造带二维资料叠前深度偏移处理、解释[J].中国石油勘探,16(5):14-18.
Cao K,Wang G C,Bernet M,et al.2015.Exhumation history of the West Kunlun Mountains,northwestern Tibet:Evidence for a long-lived,rejuvenated orogen[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,432(15):391-403.
Cheng X G,Chen H L,Lin X B,et al.2017.Geometry and Kinematic Evolution of the Hotan-Tiklik Segment of the Western Kunlun Thrust Belt:Constrained by Structural Analyses and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology[J].Journal of Geology,125(1):65-82.
Colombo D and Stefano M D.2007.Geophysical modeling via simultaneous joint inversion of seismic,gravity,and electromagnetic data:Application to prestack depth imaging[J].Leading Edge,26(3):326-331.
Cowgill E.2010.Cenozoic right-slip faulting along the eastern margin of the Pamir salient,northwestern China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,122(1):145-161.
Jiang X D,Li Z X and Li H B.2013.Uplift of the West Kunlun Range,northern Tibetan Plateau,dominated by brittle thickening of the upper crust[J].Geology,41(4):439-442.
Lou X Y,Chen G B,Yan L,et al.2007.A generalized combinatorial approach for detecting gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions with application to nicotine dependence[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,80(6):1125-1137.
Matte P,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N,et al.1996.Tectonics of Western Tibet,between the Tarim and the Indus[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,142(3-4):311-330.
Mattern F and Schneider W.2000.Suturing of the Proto-and Paleo-Tethys oceans in the western Kunlun(Xinjiang,China)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18(6):637-650.
Klovan J E.1975.R and Q Mode Factor Analysis[M].Berlin:Heidelberg:Springer.
Paolo D.2001.Integration of seismic,MT and gravity data in a thrust belt interpretation[J].First Break,19(6):335-341.
Ritchie M D,Hahn L W,Roodi N,et al.2001.Multifactor-dimensionality reduction reveals high-order interactions among estrogen-metabolism genes in sporadic breast cancer[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,69(1):138-147.
Robinson A C,Yin A,Manning C E,et al.2004.Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir:Constraints from the northern portion of the Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system,western China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,116(7):953-973.
Sobel E R and Dumitru T A.1997.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,102(B3):5043-5063.
Sobel E R.1999.Basin analysis of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous southwest Tarim basin,northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,111(5):709-724.
Wang C,Cheng X G,Chen H L,et al.2016.From folding to transpressional faulting:the Cenozoic Fusha structural belt in front of the Western Kunlun Orogen,northwestern Tibetan Plateau[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,105(5):1-16.
Zhang C L,Lu S N,Yu H F,et al.2007.Tectonic evolution of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Evidence from zircon SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology[J].Science in China,50(6):825-835.
陈学国,相鹏.2017.山前带重磁电震综合构造建模方法在准噶尔盆地哈山地区的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):65-74.
程晓敢,黄智斌,陈汉林,等.2012.西昆仑山前冲断带断裂特征及构造单元划分[J].岩石学报,28(8):2591-2601.
程晓敢,雷刚林,陈汉林,等.2011.西昆仑山前甫沙-克里阳地区新生代变形特征及油气控制作用[J].石油学报,32(1):83-89.
杜治利,师骏,曾昌民,等.2012.柯东构造带柯东段中新世以来两期构造变形与油气成藏[J].新疆地质,30(2):192-195.
范小根,程晓敢,陈汉林,等.2015.塔西南新生代前陆盆地东段盆山结构与冲断带变形特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,(2):241-249.
耿国帅.2014.因子分析在地球化学数据处理中的应用[J].地质与勘探,50(Z1):1365-1373.
何登发,杨庚,管树巍,等.2005.前陆盆地构造建模的原理与基本方法[J].石油勘探与开发,32(3):7-14.
何展翔,贾进斗,苟量.2001.非地震技术在油气勘探开发中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,28(4):70-72.
李德春,杨书江,胡祖志,等.2012.三维重磁电震资料的联合解释-以库车大北地区山前砾石层为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(2):353-359.
梁瀚,汪新,陈伟,等.2014.西昆仑山前和田-柯克亚挤压构造带新生代变形时序及其地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,38(1):27-37.
宋景明,冉学锋.2001.重、磁、电、地震联合解释技术的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,36(b11):5-9.
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.2004.帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,39(2):260-271.
肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.2000.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,7(s2):128-135.
许志琴,戚学祥,刘福来,等.2004.西昆仑康西瓦加里东期孔兹岩系及地质意义[J].地质学报,78(6):733-743.
许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.2011.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,27(1):1-22.
杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.2011.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,46(2):456-465.
曾道明,纪宏金,高文,等.2008.R-Q型因子分析与对应分析[J].物探化探计算技术,30(1):78-80.
周翼,李道善,师骏,等.2011.塔西南柯东构造带二维资料叠前深度偏移处理、解释[J].中国石油勘探,16(5):14-18.
Cao K,Wang G C,Bernet M,et al.2015.Exhumation history of the West Kunlun Mountains,northwestern Tibet:Evidence for a long-lived,rejuvenated orogen[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,432(15):391-403.
Cheng X G,Chen H L,Lin X B,et al.2017.Geometry and Kinematic Evolution of the Hotan-Tiklik Segment of the Western Kunlun Thrust Belt:Constrained by Structural Analyses and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology[J].Journal of Geology,125(1):65-82.
Colombo D and Stefano M D.2007.Geophysical modeling via simultaneous joint inversion of seismic,gravity,and electromagnetic data:Application to prestack depth imaging[J].Leading Edge,26(3):326-331.
Cowgill E.2010.Cenozoic right-slip faulting along the eastern margin of the Pamir salient,northwestern China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,122(1):145-161.
Jiang X D,Li Z X and Li H B.2013.Uplift of the West Kunlun Range,northern Tibetan Plateau,dominated by brittle thickening of the upper crust[J].Geology,41(4):439-442.
Lou X Y,Chen G B,Yan L,et al.2007.A generalized combinatorial approach for detecting gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions with application to nicotine dependence[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,80(6):1125-1137.
Matte P,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N,et al.1996.Tectonics of Western Tibet,between the Tarim and the Indus[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,142(3-4):311-330.
Mattern F and Schneider W.2000.Suturing of the Proto-and Paleo-Tethys oceans in the western Kunlun(Xinjiang,China)[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18(6):637-650.
Klovan J E.1975.R and Q Mode Factor Analysis[M].Berlin:Heidelberg:Springer.
Paolo D.2001.Integration of seismic,MT and gravity data in a thrust belt interpretation[J].First Break,19(6):335-341.
Ritchie M D,Hahn L W,Roodi N,et al.2001.Multifactor-dimensionality reduction reveals high-order interactions among estrogen-metabolism genes in sporadic breast cancer[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,69(1):138-147.
Robinson A C,Yin A,Manning C E,et al.2004.Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir:Constraints from the northern portion of the Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system,western China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,116(7):953-973.
Sobel E R and Dumitru T A.1997.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,102(B3):5043-5063.
Sobel E R.1999.Basin analysis of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous southwest Tarim basin,northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,111(5):709-724.
Wang C,Cheng X G,Chen H L,et al.2016.From folding to transpressional faulting:the Cenozoic Fusha structural belt in front of the Western Kunlun Orogen,northwestern Tibetan Plateau[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,105(5):1-16.
Zhang C L,Lu S N,Yu H F,et al.2007.Tectonic evolution of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Evidence from zircon SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology[J].Science in China,50(6):825-835.
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