阳澄西湖及其入湖港口的水质评价与分析
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摘要
为了探明阳澄西湖湖区及其入湖港口的水质现状,为其后续水环境治理提供参考,选取湖区6个位点和4个港口,于2016年5月至2017年3月监测其水质,逢单月月初采样;监测的水质参数包括水深(H)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、悬浮物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO~-_2-N)、总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(PO■-P)、叶绿素a (Chl-a)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总有机碳(TOC)。运用主成分分析法探讨了水体主要污染因子,采用皮尔逊相关性分析法探究湖区TN、TP对Chl-a浓度的影响。结果显示,阳澄西湖水质综合营养状态指数年均值为57.9,主要水质参数的时空分布表现为枯水期(5-7月)优于丰水期(11-1月),湖区优于入湖港口,北部优于南部。湖区TN和TP年均值为2.63 mg/L和0.217 mg/L,Chl-a年均值为21.74μg/L,且以9月最低。主成分分析显示,NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、PO■-P、TP、TN是湖区水质主要的污染因子,TP、NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、TN是港口水质的主要污染因子。皮尔逊相关性分析显示,阳澄西湖的Chl-a浓度与TN呈正相关(P<0.01),与TP的相关性不显著(P>0.05),且相关系数为负值。研究表明,阳澄西湖的Chl-a对营养物质的响应不灵敏,后续治理中需加强对外源氮磷的拦截。
Yangcheng Lake has three sections, east, central and west. West Yangcheng Lake is in the upstream area and eutrophication is serious. Since 2009, an algae control program has been in operation to manage eutrophication by releasing filter-feeding fish. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of water quality in west Yangcheng Lake was conducted, including the open area and inlets. The aim of this study was to provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of water environment pollution and algae bloom risk in the west Yangcheng Lake and to guide management of the water environment. Water quality monitoring was carried out at 10 sites(six sites in the open lake and four in the inlets) every two months from May 2016 to March 2017. Water quality parameters analyzed included water depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, total suspended solids, total nitrogen(TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrite nitrogen(NO~-_2-N), total phosphorous(TP), active phosphorus(PO■-P), chlorophyll-a(Chl-a), chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Principal component and Pearson correlation analysis were carried out to identify the primary water quality factors and the relationships among TN, TP and Chl-a. The annual average value of the comprehensive trophic level index was 57.9 in the west Yangcheng Lake. Water quality was better in dry season(May-July) than in wet season(November-January), better in the open lake than in inlets, and better in the northern area than the southern area. The annual average concentrations of TN and TP were 2.63 mg/L and 0.217 mg/L and the average chl-a concentration was 21.74 μg/L, with the lowest value in September. NH~+_4-N, NO~-_2-N, PO■-P, TP and TN were the main pollution factors in the open lake and TP, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_2-N and TN were the main pollution factors in the inlets. There was a significant, positive correlation between Chl-a and TN(P<0.01), but the correlation of Chl-a with TP was not significant(P>0.05). These results suggest that Chl-a is not very sensitive to nutrient concentrations in west Yangcheng Lake and that future work should focus on reducing exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus loading of inflowing rivers.
Yangcheng Lake has three sections, east, central and west. West Yangcheng Lake is in the upstream area and eutrophication is serious. Since 2009, an algae control program has been in operation to manage eutrophication by releasing filter-feeding fish. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of water quality in west Yangcheng Lake was conducted, including the open area and inlets. The aim of this study was to provide scientific evidence for the evaluation of water environment pollution and algae bloom risk in the west Yangcheng Lake and to guide management of the water environment. Water quality monitoring was carried out at 10 sites(six sites in the open lake and four in the inlets) every two months from May 2016 to March 2017. Water quality parameters analyzed included water depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, total suspended solids, total nitrogen(TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrite nitrogen(NO~-_2-N), total phosphorous(TP), active phosphorus(PO■-P), chlorophyll-a(Chl-a), chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Principal component and Pearson correlation analysis were carried out to identify the primary water quality factors and the relationships among TN, TP and Chl-a. The annual average value of the comprehensive trophic level index was 57.9 in the west Yangcheng Lake. Water quality was better in dry season(May-July) than in wet season(November-January), better in the open lake than in inlets, and better in the northern area than the southern area. The annual average concentrations of TN and TP were 2.63 mg/L and 0.217 mg/L and the average chl-a concentration was 21.74 μg/L, with the lowest value in September. NH~+_4-N, NO~-_2-N, PO■-P, TP and TN were the main pollution factors in the open lake and TP, NH~+_4-N, NO~-_2-N and TN were the main pollution factors in the inlets. There was a significant, positive correlation between Chl-a and TN(P<0.01), but the correlation of Chl-a with TP was not significant(P>0.05). These results suggest that Chl-a is not very sensitive to nutrient concentrations in west Yangcheng Lake and that future work should focus on reducing exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus loading of inflowing rivers.
引文
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曾庆飞,谷孝鸿,周露洪,等,2011.东太湖水质污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学,31(8):1355-1360.
陈永根,刘伟龙,韩红娟,等,2007.太湖水体叶绿素a含量与氮磷浓度的关系[J].生态学杂志,26(12):2062-2068.
邓建才,陈桥,翟水晶,等,2008.太湖水体中氮、磷空间分布特征及环境效应[J].环境科学,(12):3382-3386.
桂智凡,薛滨,姚书春,等,2011.阳澄湖水质现状及原因探讨[J].地理科学,31(12):1487-1492.
国家环境保护总局,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
梁长蓂,李新,冉霞,2015.基于时空分布的阳澄湖营养化进程及其趋势[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版),36(6):443-447.
骆东玲,2007.浅水湖泊富营养化的机理与应对策略——以阳澄湖为例[J].农业资源与环境学报,24(3):14-18.
潘红玺,吉磊,1997.阳澄湖若干水质资料的分析与评价[J].湖泊科学,9(2):187-191.
宋学宏,邴旭文,孙丽萍,等.2010.阳澄湖网围养殖区水体营养盐的时空变化与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,3(6):23-29.
杨彩根,宋学宏,孙丙耀,2007.浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较[J].海洋科学,31(1):6-9.
杨超,2013.阳澄西湖外源污染通量及污染物渔业利用技术研究[D].苏州:苏州大学.
俞焰,杨正健,张佳磊,等,2016.天荒坪抽水蓄能电站水位变化对水体营养状态的影响[J].水生态学杂志,37(6):68-75.
An Y J,Kampbell D H,2003.Monitoring chlorophyll a as a measure of algae in Lake Texoma marinas[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology,70(3):606-611.
Cai T,Park S Y,Li Y,2013.Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,19(1):360-369.
Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,S?ndergaard M,et al,2000.Trophic structure,species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes:changes along a phosphorus gradient[J].Freshwater Biology,45(2):201-218.
Xie P,Liu J,2001.Practical Success of Biomanipulation using Filter-Feeding Fish to Control Cyanobacteria Blooms:A Synthesis of Decades of Research and Application in a Subtropical Hypereutrophic Lake[J].Scientific World Journal,1:337-356.
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